한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

누가 김정희를 만들었는가 ― 김정희 명성 형성의 역사

金秀珍 ( Kim Soo-jin ) 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원 2020 大東文化硏究 Vol.109 No.-

본 연구는 金正喜(1786~1857)가 ‘大家’가 되는 데에 있어 작가 자신의 창조적 역량 외에 다른 어떤 외부 요인이 작동했는가를 究明하기 위해 기획되었다. 이를 위해 김정희가 재세 연간 및 사후에 어떤 이들과 역학 관계를 맺으면서 조선 최고의 예술가로 추앙받게 되었는지를 논의하였다. 아울러 김정희의 제자 許鍊(1809~1892)이 어떻게 김정희의 추숭 작업을 통해 그 이름을 세상에 널리 알렸는가를 논의하는 한편 1930년대 이래 미술 경매 시장에서 김정희의 작품이 점하는 위상에 대해 분석했다. 이는 궁극적으로 김정희 스스로가 자신의 이미지를 어떻게 구현하고자 했는지, 또한 그것을 후대에 누가 계승하였는지, 현대에 김정희에 대한 평가가 어떻게 이루어졌는지를 검토하는 작업이 될 것이다. This article examines what kind of external factors contributed to Kim Chŏnghŭi's being a celebrated artist besides his own artistic creativity. In order to do so, this study first focuses on the social relations Kim managed to forge not only with his companions but also with artistic patrons and clients, by whom Kim became revered as the best Chosŏn artist both in his lifetime and posthumously. In addition, this study sheds light on the role played by one of Kim's followers, Hŏ Ryŏn, in raising Kim's public profile by circulating reproductions of Kim's masterpieces in lower prices after Kim's death. Ultimately, this study will be an attempt to elucidate Kim Chŏnghŭi's self-image in the art society, its inheritance by his followers, and its impact on the contemporary evaluation on him.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

제왕절개술 환자에서 수술전 투여한 ketamine의 혈청 interleukin-6 및 수술후 통증에 대한 효과

김진수,김유재,안기량,김천숙,김일호,한찬수 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.2

The inflammatory reaction to tissue damage during surgery may induce central sensitization followed by hyperalgesia. Previous studies suggest that central sensitization is related to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation, which can be blocked with NMDA antagonist, ketamine. Thus, we compared the effect of preoperative intravenous and epidural low doses of ketamine with placebo on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and postoperative pain. ASA class I and II women scheduled for C-sections received intravenous ketamine 0.15mg/kg(group 2) or placebo(group 1), or epidural ketamine(0.15 mg/kg) before the operation. IL-6 levels were measured before and during the operation, and 8, 24, and 48 hrs after the operation. Visual Analogue Scales(VAS) and Verbal Ration Scales(VRS) were measured at 8, 24, and 48 hrs after the operation. Serum IL-6 levels at 8, 24, and 48 hrs after the operation were significantly lower in the intravenous ketamine and epidural ketamine groups than in the control group. VAS at 8 hrs and 48 hrs after the operation were significantly lower in the epidural ketamine group. VAS at 8 hrs and 48 hrs after the operation were significantly lower in the epidural ketamine group than in the control and intravenous ketamine groups. In conclusion, in the preoperative intravenous and epidural administration of low doses(0.15mg/kg) of ketamine, both are effective in reducing postoperative IL-6 levels. Epidural Ketamine is more effective than intravenous ketamine in postoperative pain control.

인공와우이식술후 선천성 농아동과 언어습득전 후천성 농아동의 말인지 변화

김수진,김리석,이규식 대불대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.5 No.1

Children with cochlear implants can significantly achieve improvement in speech perception skills as the age at implantation of younger children decreases. The purpose of this study was to examine speech perception abilities over time of childern with prelingually acquired and congenital deafness since cochlear implantation. Nine children with congenital deafness and 6 children with prelingually acquired deafness were implanted with the Nucleus multichannel cochlear prosthesis and them between 1 and 3 years. They ranged in age from 2 years 9 months to 10 years 11 months. The children were evaluated with a battery of speech perception tests with audition alone at pre-implantation and 6 month intervals from initial stimulation. The children with prelingually acquired and congenital deafness received similar benefits from cochlear implant. The speech perception performance of most children improved with experience of the implant. Although large individual differences were observed in speech perception ability, length of implant usage contributes to improved performance.

Kim,Seong-soo : Possiblity of Low Salting Process in Gae-Woo Jeot(Salted and Fermented Gastrophoda) and Changes in Fatty Acid Composition during Fermntation 低鹽化 可能性 檢討 및 熱成중 脂肪酸 組成의 變化

姜永周,河璡桓,金永東,宋大鎭,金洙賢,金成洙 제주대학교 1990 논문집 Vol.30 No.-

To establish the way of processing of Gae-Woo jeot which used abalone intestine that has not been systematically used compare to its characteristic taste and fame as main ingredient and to develop as a local tourist good, the change of constituents the quality of salted fish products suring Gae-Woo jeot fermentation were examined. The results are as follows. 1. In the organoleptic test, Gae-Woo jeot which fermented through 65 days were dominant and the group of 105 salkt concentration were better than that of 20%. It was the best of 10% salted products to add small abalone. Both law salted(10%) and high salted (20%) Gae-Woo jeot were similar in general constityents, nutrients and texture. 2. Compositions of highly unsaturated acid were farely high to 45.6% and 46.1% in small abalone added froup and top sheel added group respectively. during 3 months fermentation low decreasing rate of 3~4% was shown. EPA(eicosapentaenoic acid) was approximately 7~8% and DHA(docosahexaenoic acid) was extremely low to be less than 0.3%. 3. In the changes General composition and pH, pH was within range of 4~5.5, 9~12% in protein, 3~5% in total sugar, 0.5~1% in lipid and approximately 1% in ash. 4. Gae-Woo jeot can be made with 10% low salting method, and 10% group gets all the better for taste, small abalone adding is recommended. 5. When low salt fermented fish of 10% is processed, it is highly recommended to put sorbitol, ethyl alcohol, lactic acid or other humectant for better taste and longer storage and good quality food additives must be developed for tourist and presently applied mil ordering transportation must be sought.

Proportion And Characteristics Of Transient Nodules In A Retrospective Analysis Of Pulmonary Nodules

( Jin Yeong Yu ),( Su Young Chi ),( Hee Jung Ban ),( Yong Soo Kwon ),( In Jae Oh ),( Kyu Sik Kim ),( Yu Il Kim1 ),( Sung Chul Lim ),( Song Choi ),( Yun Hyeon Kim ),( Young Chul Kim ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

전자 빔 조사 민감 물질의 전자회절분석을 위한 Imaging Plate 기술

김영민,김양수,김진규,이정용,김윤중 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.3

전자 빔 조사 민감 물질인 gibbsite (γ-Al(OH)₃)의 전자 빔 조사 상전이 연구에서 전자회절 자료의 기록에 대한 imaging plate 와 필름의 기록 특성을 실험적으로 비교하였다. Imaging plate는 극단적으로 낮은 전자 강도와 높은 전자 강도를 동시 기록하기에 충분한 선형 dynamic range를 갖기 때문에, 매우 낮은 전자조사 조건 (≤0.1 e-/μm²)에서 전자 회절 자료를 기록할 때 필름에 비해 회절 자료의 spatial frequency 범위가 두 배 이상 확장되었다. 심지어 이미 기록 포화된 투과 빔 주위의 신호 정보 레벨을 세분화하는 데에도 훨씬 우수한 분해 성능을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 imaging plate가 극단적으로 낮은 전자강도 기록이 필요한 전자 빔 조사 민감 물질이나 cryo-biological 시편들의 구조 연구 관점에서 가장 적절한 기록 매체임을 나타낸다. An experimental comparison of the detection properties between imaging plate and film for recording the electron diffraction pattern was carried out on a radiation-sensitive material, an aluminum trihydroxide (gibbsite, γ-Al(OH)₃), through the electron beam irradiation. Because the imaging plate has a wide dynamic range sufficient for recording extremely low- and high-electron intensities, the range of spatial frequency for the diffraction pattern acquired by the imaging plate was extended to two times larger than the range by the film, especially at a low electron dose condition (≤0.1 e-/μm²). It is also demonstrated that the imaging plate showed better resolving power for discriminating fine intensity levels even in saturated transmitted beam. Hence, in the respect of investigating the structures of radiation-sensitive materials and cryobiological specimens, our experimental demonstrations suggest that the imaging plate technique may be a good choice for those studies, which have to use an extremely low electron intensity for recording.

항암제 처리한 백혈병 세포주에서의 Apoptosis 발현

김삼용,윤소현,김현수,김종숙,윤환중,김진경,조덕연 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

The bcl-2 proto-oncogene encodes a 26 kD protein that promotes cell survival by blocking apoptosis. The bax protein is a member of the bcl-2 familly, now known to form heterodimers with the bcl-2 protein. The ratio of bax to bcl-2 is be critical in determining the fate of the cell in response to stimuli that can induce apoptosis. Extract of Pulsatilla Koreana (SB-31) showed promising antitumor activity in vitro with Topo I inhibitory action. In the present study, the relationship between apoptosis and the apoptosis related proteins, bcl-2 and bax were investigated in human leukemic cell lines HL-60, U-937 and CEM-CM3. All anticancer drugs(adriamycin, etoposide, camptothecin, SB-31) induced extensive apoptosis in HL-60, U-937 cells and CEM-CM3 cells. The expression of bcl-2 and bax protein were determined in cell lines by western blotting before and after incubation with anticancer drugs at different time points. 1) In HL-60 or U-937 cell lines, down regulation of bcl-2 and up-regulation of bax were found after incubation with ADR, VP-16 or camptothecin. 2) In HL-60 or U-937 cell lines, no significant change in bcl-2 or bax protein expression resulted after incubation with SB-31. 3) In CEM-CM3 cells, virtually no change was noted in bcl-2/bax expression after incubation with ADR, VP-16, camptothecin or SB-31. It is suggested that different leukemic cell lines use different pathways of apoptosis activation and a given cell may utilize different pathways of apoptosis activation in response to different cytotoxic agents.

糞尿와 都市 廢棄物과의 混合處理에 대한 硏究 (Ⅰ) : 肥料化를 中心으로한 實驗室的 考察 Experimental study for the fertilization

金熙鐘,金相烈,金秀生,孫晋彦,金燦國,成周慶,吳英敏 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1977 硏究報告 Vol.1 No.1

우리나라에 있어서 都市廢棄物의 主인 糞尿와 固形廢棄物의 太宗인 無煙炭재를 同時에 效果的으로 處理할 수 있고 또한 堆肥化시킬 수 있는 好氣性 酸化方式의 最適條件을 얻기 위하여 生糞尿 및 煉炭재의 理化學的 및 生物學的 數値를 測定하고 이를 基礎로하여 上記 兩者를 混合處理 할수 있는 消化條件(溫度, 糞尿와 煉炭재의 配合比, 기타 固形物의 添加量, 注入되는 空氣量의 變化)에 따른 C.O.D., B.O.D.의 變化, 水分 및 電氣傳導度의 變化, 熱灼減量, N量의 變化 等을 硏究하였으며 이들 사이의 相關關係를 檢討하여 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 生糞尿에 固形廢棄物인 煉炭재나 紙類를 配合시켜 消化시키므로서 케이크속의 질소成分의 量을 增加 시킬수 있다. 2. 煉炭재의 配合은 糞尿의 消化速度를 增加 시킨다. 3. 糞尿의 處理를 위한 反應槽의 溫度는 50℃보다 60℃로 維持 시킬때 消化速度가 크다. 4. 反應槽의 溫度를 一定하게 했을때 空氣의 注入速度는 初期 反應時는 적게하고 後期 反應時는 크게 함이 效果的 이다. For the effective treatment and usable disposal of urban wastes in the area of Busan city, the composition of the nightsoil and anthracite bulky ash which is the main munic ipal solid wastes have been studied on the digestion of the compositive mixtures with the variable conditions that are ratio of compounding between nightsoil and ash, amount of solid additives and volume of air for the effective airation at 50, 65℃. The digestion has been detected by the physico-chemical and biological data; pH, specific gravity, content of moisture, C.O.D., B.O.D., electroconductance of the solution of the results, decrease of nition, and volume of total free nitrogen etc. The results are obtained as follows. 1) The characteristics of domestic nightsoil are different to the foreign data as table 5, but the data of anthracite ash almost are same except the composition of Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃. 2) Amount of total free nitrogen are increased by the digestion with the addition of solid waste, as effective absorption, to the nightsoil. 3) The digestion are accelerated by the compounding of ash, but the adding of sulfuric acid to fix the free ammonia reduced reaction. 4) The airation have to proceed slowly at initial step, and then endure enough volume of air at the later step.