서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

Expression Profiles of Retinoblastoma Protein and p27Kip1 According to HER2 Amplification Status in Primary Breast Cancer

신재호,Sung-Jin Park,Hyun-Jin Cho,Geumhee Gwak,Byung-Noe Bae,Ki Whan Kim,Hong-Yong Kim2,Kyeongmee Park,Sehwan Han 한국유방암학회 2009 Journal of breast cancer Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)/neu amplification affects the cell proliferation through the modulation of multiple G1 cell cycle regulators in breast tumor cells. We performed this study to investigate whether retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and p27Kip1 were differently expressed according to the HER2 amplification status in human breast cancer. Methods: HER2 amplification was assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and the expression of cell cycle regulators were assayed by immunohistochemistry on 153 consecutive invasive breast cancers. The proliferative activity of breast cancer was analyzed according to the HER2 amplification and cell cycle protein expression status. Results: HER2 amplification was observed in 39 (25.5%) of 153 breast cancers. In the HER2 amplified breast cancers, the pRB expression was significantly increased (p=0.011) whereas there was no significant relationship between HER2 amplification and p27Kip1 expression. There was an inverse correlation between pRB expression and Ki-67 labeling index in the HER2 amplified breast cancers (p=0.036). In contrast, Ki67 labeling index was significantly decreased as p27Kip1 expression increased in HER2 non-amplified breast cancers (p=0.028). In HER2 non-amplified breast cancers, we could not observe any association between the pRB expression and Ki67 labeling index. Conclusion: The proliferation of the breast cancers was associated with pRB expression in HER2 amplified tumors whereas it was associated with p27Kip1 expression in HER2 non-amplified tumors. The results of the current study indicate that the cell proliferative activity of the breast cancer is under different growth signal pathways according to HER2 amplification status.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

산발성 장형 위선암 환자의 Microsatellite Instability와 병리학적 양상

조창희,홍유찬,안지현,최경현,이상호,신영명,윤기영,정민정,장희경 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Background : Through many researches, microsatellite is expected to be a good diagnositic and prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, and the others. The prevalence of microsatellite instability (MSI) in gastric carcinoma has reported variously, 13~44%. Purpose : We aimed to determine the prevalence of MSI-high and the relationship between MSI and pathological characteristics of sporadic intestinal type adenocarcinoma of stomach. Material and Methods : We analyzed 106 sporadic intestinal type adenocarcinoma specimens excised from patients who were over thirty-five years old to determine the statue of microsatellite by DNA sequencing. The tissues were formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded. DNA were extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MSI was determined using five markers recommended by National Cancer Institute (NCI). Specimens were also studied with five patholical factors-differenciation of tumor cells, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, vessel invasion, and perineural invasion- to determine pathological state. Result : The microsatellite statue was determined as MSI-High in 5 cases (4.7%), no MSI-low, and MSS (microsatellite stable) in 101 cases (95.3%). Within the frequency, there was no large gap in the distinction of gender in MSI cases, but in MSS cases, there was three-times more cases in male. MSI cases had moderate-to-poor differenciation and trend to invade toward serosa. All MSI cases showed no perineural invasion. But we could not find any statistical significance between MSI and pathological characteristics of sporadic intestinal type adenocarcinoma. Conclusion : Results suggest that MSI can not make any certain pathological significance in sporadic intestinal type adenocarcinoma. Even though less than 5% of sporadic intestinal type adenocarcinoma patients showed MSI, it can be used as a influential prediagnostic factor of gastric cancer. Further study with large scale of cases will be followed to verify these results.

외상성 뇌손상 환자에서 발생한 이소성 골화증에 의한 슬개 정맥 압박증 -증례 보고

조홍구,문기현,최은,이양균 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

Heterotopic ossification is frequent complication in patients with spinal cord or brain injury, although the etiology is unknown. The extensive heterotopic ossification is a cause of limitation of active or passive joint motion and ultimately bony ankylosis which interferes independency in activities of daily living and ability of maximum rehabilitation. Whereas, the articular complication of heterotopic ossification have been well documented, the vascular complication are less well known. We experienced one case with vascular compression and obstruction by heterotopic ossification in a patient with traumatic brain injury and reported the case with clinical and radiologcal and laboratoric findings.

Abnormally low LDL-Cholesterol Level in Cholestasis or Hypertriglyceridemia

조성은,홍기숙,정화순 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2004 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.27 No.2

목적 : 최근에 LDL-C를 직접 측정하는 방법들이 개발되었다. 이 방법들은 정확하고 정밀하게 LDL-C를 측정할 수 있으며, 기존 방법들에 비해 다양한 간섭물질에 의한 영향을 덜 받는 것으로 알려졌다. 그러나, 저자들은 이대목동병원 입원 환자 중에서 Kyowa reagents(Kyowa Medex Co., Tokyo, Japan)에 의해 polyethylene/cyclodextrin(PC) 방법으로 LDL-C를 측정했을 때 비정상적으로 LDL-C 수치가 낮거나 측정되지 않는 11명의 환자를 발견하고, 그 원인을 분석하였다. 방법 : 2002년 4월부터 12월까지 이대목동병원에 내원하여 PC 방법으로 LDL-C를 측정했던 7872명의 환자들 중 비정상적으로 낮거나 측정되지 않는 LDL-C 결과를 보인 11명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 11명의 환자의 혈청을 같은 방법으로 재검하였고, 이 중 8명의 LDL-C는 Wako reagents(Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan)을 사용하여 detergent(D) 방법으로 재측정하였다. 측정된 LDL-C 결과는 Friedewald equation 계산치와 비교하였고, 5명의 환자에서는 지단백 전기영동을 실시하였다. 결과 : Cholestasis를 동반한 8명의 환자에서는 PC 방법으로는 LDL-C가 비정상적으로 낮거나 측정되지 않았다. 하지만 D 방법으로 측정한 이들의 LDL-C 결과는 모두 30mg/dL 보다 높은 값을 보였고, Friedewald 공식으로 계산한 LDL-C도 30mg/dL 보다 높았다. 지단백 전기영동을 실시한 4명에서 LDL-C band가 존재하거나(2명), LpX가 관찰되었다(2명). Hypertriglyceridemia를 동반한 4명의 환자에서(1명은 cholestasis와 hypertriglyceridemia를 동시에 동반한 경우로서 양쪽 group에 중복 포함되었음) PC 방법으로는 LDL-C가 비정상적으로 낮거나 측정되지 않았으나 D 방법으로는 40mg/dL보다 높은 결과를 보였다. 지단백 전기영동을 실시한 2명에서 모두 LDL-C이 존재하였다. 결론 : PC 방법으로 LDL-C 측정시 LDL-C가 비정상적으로 낮거나 측정되지 않을 경우에는 cholestatic sera에 존재하는 비정상적인 LDL-C나 Lpx 또는 hypertriglyceridemia에 의한 간섭을 고려하여야 하며 그 외의 가능한 간섭 물질들을 고려해야 한다. 이러한 경우, D 방법이나 계산법, 전기영동법과 같은 다른 측정법에 의한 재검이 필요하다. 또한 측정법 차이에 따라 정확하게 정상 LDL-C만 LDL-C로 측정하는 방법과 모든 비정상적인 LDL-C까지도 LDL-C에 포함시켜 측정하는 방법 중에서 어느 방법이 우월한지는 임상 경과와 연관시켜 고려해야 할 것이다.

축대칭 왕복엔진의 비정상 난류 유동에 대한 수치 해석

조진행,유홍선,최영기 중앙대학교 생산공학연구소 1992 생산공학연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.2

A numerical simulation of unsteady axisymmetric turbulent flow was performed for a reciprocating engine including port/valve assembly. The governing equations based on a non-orthogonal coordinate formulation with Cartesian velocity components were used and discretised by the finite volume method with non-staggered variable arrangements. The modified k-ε turbulence model which included the effect of compressibility was used. The results of two-dimensional transient calculation for the axisymmetric configuration were compared with the experimental data. Although slightly low rms velocity was predicted compared to the experimental data, predicted velocity distributions at the valve exit and in-cylinder region showed good agreements with the experimental data. The flow at the valve exit was separated at the same valve lift position with experimental data. The mean flow pattern at the valve exit was found to be more sensitive to valve lift than mass flow rate or valve motion. Two vortices in-cylinder region were generated during the initial intake process. The clockwise main vortex became strong and moved upward to the top wall. The counter-clockwise second vortex became weak and stick to the upper left corner of the cylinder. After middle intake process, new vortex adjacent to upper cylinder wall appeared by the piston motion and therefore, the in-cylinder flow was formed into three vortices. The cylinder pressure just before bottom dead center of piston was higher than inlet pressure and then the reverse flow occured at the valve exit. The in-cylinder flow characteristics were strongly dependent on piston motion, but insensitive to valve motion.

경추 후종인대 골화증의 수술적 치료법

조기홍 대한척추신경외과학회 2004 Neurospine Vol.1 No.1

저수용량을 고려한 가뭄지수 산정과 가뭄관리에 관한 연구

조홍제,박한기 울산대학교 1998 공학연구논문집 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구에서는 도시지역의 생활용수나 공업용수의 수급 체계에 있어서 가뭄에 의한 용수공급 부족시 가뭄관리 및 가뭄 심도에 따른 비상 급수대책 수립에 필요한 가뭄 예경보지수의 산정법을 개발하였다. 울산지역의 주요 생활용수 공급원인 사연댐을 대상으로 하였으며, 1980년부터 1996년까지의 저수량, 유입량, 공급량, 방류량 등의 실측된 수문자료를 이용하였다. 가뭄지수의 산정은 월 강우량의 초과확률에 근거를 두고 있는 기존의 Phillips 가뭄지수법을 이용하였다. 도시지역의 급수체계나 댐이나 저수지 등으로 이루어지는 경우, 월 강우량을 기본자료로 사용하는 Phillips 가뭄지수 산정법은 가뭄현상을 적절히 설명할 수 없으므로 가뭄관리의 주요변수인 유입량, 저수량, 방류량 및 공급량 등을 포함한 가뭄지수 계산법을 개발하였다. 그 결과 용수공급 능력을 고려한 Phillips 가뭄지수 산정법은 실제 가뭄현상에 대한 적용성이 상당히 우수한 것으로 나타났다. The goal of the present research was to develop a means to determine indices of drought warning and emergency necessary to manage drought and establish water supply contingency plan for the municipal and industrial water supply system in urban areas. To do this, we worked on the Sayun catchment which is the main water source of Ulsan and used the measured hydrologic data (storage, inflow, supply, outflow)from 1980 to 1996. The indices of drought calculated by the method of Phillips drought index based only on monthly precipitation do not pertinently represent drought phenomena in case water supply is from dam or reservoir in an urban area. Therefore, we developed the drought index technique including inflow, storage, outflow and supply which are the chief factors of drought management. The result showed that the method of Phillips drought index considering the capacity of water supply was excellent when applied to practical drought phenomena.

우수여자 유도선수들의 연간 트레이닝과 디트레이닝에 따른 무산소성 역치의 변화

홍관이,정정진,김학렬,김기진,조현철,손태열,노성규 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1992 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.2 No.1

The seasonal variance for estimate of exercise intensity, energy expenditure, maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold of elite women judo players(Group Ⅰ:4,Group Ⅱ: 4) was measured during 3,5,7,9,10month. The results of this study is as follows. 1. Exercise intensity by %HRmax during seasonal training was shown range of 56.45-73.62, 65.56-82.15, 80.03-86.62, 62.06-68.83%HRmax, respectiveley, from 3 to 9month in the warm up, additional exercise, main exercise and cooling down. 2. Energy expenditure per min during seasonal training was shown range of 4.09-7.96, 5.41-8.66, 8.95-9.90 and 5.05-6.41Kcal/min, respectiveley, from 3 to 9month in the warn up, additional exercise, main exercise, main exercsie and cooling down. 3. Changes of maximal oxygen uptake(VO₂max)during seasonal training and detraining not significant difference between both group, and in the seasonal variance. However, maximal heart rate during detraining expressed significant difference(p<0.05) between both group. 4. Anaerobic threshold levels during seasonal training and detraining not significant difference between both group, and in the seasonal variance. However, AT-VE(1/min) and AT- work time(min) of group Ⅱ expressed significant difference(p<0.01) in the seasonal variance.