학교장의 변화지향적 지도성과 조직문화 및 조직효과성과의 관계

문용주 인간교육자원경영학회 2004 人間敎育硏究 Vol.11 No.1

The basic aim(goal) of education is to change. It is a task for today, ensuring a better future. The role of teacher who takes major part in education is very important to achieve the goal of education. It is organization effectiveness that teacher can be satisfied with their tasks and applied themselves to teaching with stability. There are very close relation between organization effectiveness and the principal's leadership. We have been carrying on the brisk studies about transformational leadership which a principal helps the teachers be motivated and enhance their devotion for teaching profession. The purpose of this study, the following problems were considered. For these analyses, the relevant data were gathered from 408 teachers who work at elementary, middle and high school. 1. Transformational leadership will have a positive influence on organization effectiveness. 2. The culture type of organization which is equal, individual, feminine and acceptable will have a positive influence on organization effectiveness. 3. There will be close relationship between the type of organization and the leadership.

치주조직 재생을 위한 칼슘 포스페이트 글라스 분말이 백서 두개골 결손부의 골조직 재생에 미치는 영향

이용근,문현주,이상배,김광만,김경남,최성호 大韓齒科器材學會 2003 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.30 No.2

The treatment of the tone defects resulting from trauma, neoplasm, surgery, or infection is one of the major concern in dentistry. The major goal is the functional, esthetical regeneration of supporting structures already destructed by disease. Transplantation technique have been used to provide a scaffold for bone regeneration, to augment bony defects resulting from trauma or surgery, to restore bone loss caused by dental disease, to prevent the collapse the alveolar ridge in recent extraction sites, to replace bone loss by periodontal disease, to augment the alveolar ridge in implant surgery. There are autogeneous, allogenic, xenogenic and alloplastic bone-grafts in transplantation. Among the alloplastic bone-graft materials, calcium phosphates have been received the most attention. In this study, the critical size defects were surgically produced in the calvarial bone of Sprague-Dawley rats using the 8 ㎜ trephine bur. Calcium phosphate glass powders with mean diameter 400 ㎛ transplanted onto the produced detects in the experimental group, while sutured without grafting anything in the control group. Histomorphometric as well as radiodensitometric analyses were performed after sacrifice at 2, 4 and 8 weeks following operation. The prepared calcium phosphate glass powder with average size 400 ㎛ in CaO-CaF_2-P_2O_5-MgO-Al_2O_3 promoted new bone formation in the calvarial defects in the Sprague-Dawley rats. New bone was formed in the upper side of the detects as well as the defect margin and dura mater. Experimental group always exhibited higher values in the length, area and density of the newly formed bone than that of the control group. There were significant differences between the experimental and the control groups, except the density after 4 weeks (p<0.05).

온라인 교육 사이트의 교육 환경 및 효과 분석

이용주,문양세,김혜숙,김진호 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2008 정보통신논문지 Vol.12 No.-

In recent years, people are gradually interested in the Internet-based educational programs (also known as e-learning and cyber lectures), and online education is now widely used in various educational areas. In this paper, considering the environment and achievement aspects we analyze online education by dividing it into public education and private education. We analyze the online education as the following steps. First, we review the recent online educational methods by comparing them to the traditional offline educational ones. Second, we compare EBS, a representative public educational site, and Megastudy, a representative private educational site, by investigating their operation, human, economic, hardware, and software resources. Third, we compare EBS and Megastudy in aspects of environment and achievement through a survey on high-school students after providing their sample lectures. Analytical results show that the students of using Megastudy get good grades compared with those of using Megastudy. This is because Megastudy provides the specialized lectures that focus on obtaining high scores in examinations. We believe that our research results will provide important directions in improving the quality of online educational sites.

급성 구강감염부위에서 Staphylococcus lugunensis 의 특성

유용욱,이미성,차정단,김기경,신상희,문상은,김강주 원광대학교 생명공학연구소 1999 생명공학연구소보 Vol.6 No.1

Staphylococcus lugdunensis (S. lugdunensis) is a newly identified pathogenic species of coagulase negative staphylococci and an occasional but not rare cause of severe infections, such as infective endocarditis after dental extraction, bacteremia, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, and soft tissue infections. As antibiotic use increased, resistance rapidly developed. Some strains have plasmids related to antibiotic resistance. To characterize S. lugdunensis in acute oral infection, S. lugdunensis was isolated from the patients with acute oral abscess, osteomyelitis, and normal persons. Antibiotic resistance, in vitro cellular toxicity, in vivo virulence, δ-like hemolysin activity, and synergistic hemolysis on sheep blood agar plates were investigated. The dot blot analysis and Southern blot analysis of staphylococcal DNA was performed with δ-hemolysin gene probe of Staphylococcus aureus. (S. aureus) Staphylococcal DNA was cloned, nucleotide sequence was analysed, and homology was compared with other sequence in Gene Bank. S. aureus, S. lugdunensis, Staphylococcus cohnii (S. cohnii), and other coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were isolated from the patients with acute oral infection. The isolation ratio of S. lugdunensis in the patients with infection was higher than that of healthy persons, but the isolation ratio of S. aureus in the patients with infection was similar to that of healthy persons. S. lugdunensis from the patients with acute oral infection showed the resistance to penicillin, methicillin, cephalothin, and clindamycin. S. lugdunensis in the patients had cellular toxicity in vitro and virulence in vivo. All strains of S. lugdunensis had δ-like hemolysin activity against rabbit erythrocytes. Four of the six strains of S. lugdunensis gave synergistic hemolysis with S. aureus on sheep blood agar plates. In dot blot analysis, all strains of S. lugdunensis showed the positive reaction with the probe of δ-hemolysin gene in S. aureus, but a 7.3 kb HindⅢ fragment was observed in the DNA of S. lugdunensis that gave synergistic hemolysis in a Southern blot analysis. The molecular size of partially purified δ-hemolysin was about 50 kd. The cloned fragments from the chromosomal DNA of S. lugdunensis showed the partial homology with the insulin receptor-related and dopamine receptor of humans. These results suggest that S. lugdunensis might be an important pathogen in acute oral infection and show some homology with eukaryotes.

Serratia marcescens에서 cAMP receptor protein(CRP)유전자의 클로닝 및 해석

유주순,문종환,정수열,김혜선,최용락 東亞大學校附設遺傳工學硏究所 1999 遺傳工學硏究 Vol.- No.6

전사조절인자로서 잘 알려져 있는 cAMP receptor protein(CRP)은 cAMP와 DNA에 결합하는 특별한 활성을 가지고 있으며, cAMP-CRP complex를 형성하여 수많은 유전자의 발현조절에 관여한다. 이러한 측면에서 cAMP-CRP의 조절은 어떤 면에서 총체적 조절체계라고까지 한다. 본 연구는 Serratia 균주에서 crp유전자의 분자적 특성 및 cAMP에 의한 발현조절을 받는 분자기구를 해석하고자 유전자를 클로닝하고 발현을 확인하였다. MacConkey배지에서 maltose를 탄소원으로 충분히 이용하지 못하는 대장균 TP2139(△crp,△lac)를 숙주로 이용하고, 염색체DNA를 library로 작성하여 얻은 형질전환체 약 일만개의 콜로니에서 red colony를 나타내는 5종류 의 양성 클론을 얻었다. 이들 클론을 Southern방법으로 확인한 결과 3kb의 단편을 가진 pCKB12클론이 crp유전자를 coding하고 있음을 확인하였다. glpD-lacZ 융합 plasmid인 pLDC6 의 BamHI부위에 pCKB12의 3kb 단편을 삽입시킨 재조합 plasmid pLDC 6-Scrp를 작성하여, 클로닝된 Serratia 의 crp 유전자가 대장균에서 유전자 전사조절에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과 cAMP-CRP 복합체 형성에 의한 전사조절 기능이 확인되어졌다. One of the better-characterized transcription factor of E. coli is the cAMP receptor protein(CRP) and the CRP binds cAMP and DNA. The cAMP-CRP complex is involved in regulation of many genes at bacteria. The cAMP-CRP regulatory element represents, in some respects, a global regulatory network. The aim of this work was to study the structure and the mechanisms controlling the expression of CRP in Serratia marcescens. We have been get 5 different clones from Serratia which stimulated the cells to use maltose as a sole carbon source in E. coli TP2139. The crp gene clone, pCKB12, was confirmed by Southern hybridization with E. coli crp gene. The location of the crp gene was determined by constructing subclones carrying various portions of pCKB12. To investigate the potential role of CRP in E. cloi, lacZ fused plasmids were constructed and investigated the β-galactosidase activity of the fused plasmid. The Serratia marcescens cAMP receptor protein can substitute the E. coli CRP in transcriptional activation at the lacZ gene. These results suggest that Serratia marcescens cAMP receptor protein complex functions to regulate several promoters in E. coli.

요로감염증 환자의 치료에서 메로페넴(Meropenem)과 이미페넴/실라스타틴(Imipenem/Cilastatin)의 임상효과 및 안정성

김세웅,이승주,이지열,조용현,신완식,윤문수 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.1

목적 :메로페넴은 실라스타틴을 복합투여하지 않아도 되는 새로운 계열의 카바페넴계 항생물질이다. 요로감염 치료에 있어서의 메로페넴의 효과와 안전성을 평가하기 위하여 기존의 카바페넴계 항생물질인 이미페넴/실라스타틴과 동시에 비교임상실험을 실시하였다. 방법 : 본 임상시험은 전향적, 무작위 방법을 통하여 시행하였다. 1996년 10월부터 1998년 2월까지 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 부속 성모병원 및 울산대학교 외과대학 부속 중앙병원 비뇨기과에 입원한 신우신염과 복잡성방광염 환자 115명을 대상으로 하였고, 연속적 무작위 배정방법을 통하여 메로페spa군 58명과 이미페넴/실라스타틴군 57명으로 분류하였다. 두가지 약제는 모두 0.5 g을 12시간 간격으로 정맥주사 하였고, 평균 투약기간은 4일 (3-8일) 이었다. 임상효과, 세균학적 평가 및 부작용을 비교 관찰하였다. 결과 : 총 67명의 환자가 시험을 완료하여 평가가 가능하였고, 이 중 메로페넴군은 34명이었고, 이미페넴/실라스타틴군은 33명이었다. 증상의 치료 및 개선을 임상적 유효성이 있는 경우로 하였을 때, 메로페넴투여군은 34례중 32례 (94.1%)에서, 이미페넴/실라스타틴투여군은 33례중 29례 (87.9%)에서 유효율을 보였다. 세균학적 평가에서 메로페넴 투여군은 34례중 32례 (94.1%)에서, 이미페spa/실라스타틴투여군은 33례중 29례 (87.9%)에서 세균학적 소실율을 보였다. 세균학적 재발 은 각각 4명과 7명이 나타났고, 재감염은 메로페넴군은 나타나지 않았지만, 이미페넴/실라스타틴군은 2명이 나타났다. 임상효과와 세균학적 평가에서는 두 약제간의 통계학적 차이는 없었다. 부작용은 메로페spa투여군 56례중 1례 (1.8%)에서, 이미페넴/실라스타틴투여군 53례중 1례 (1.9%)에서 나타났으며, 임상검사치 이상은 메로페넴투여군 45례중 10례 (22.2%)에서, 이미페넴 실라스타틴투여군 44례중 8례 (18.2%)에서 나타났으나 전체적으로 특별히 문제가 된 증례는 없었다. 결론 :결론적으로 메로페spa은 신우신염 및 복잡성방광염과 같은 요로감염에 대하여 이미페넴/실라스타틴과 동등한 효과를 나타내는 유용한 약제라고 생각된다. Background : Metopenem is the first of a new class carbapenems which may be administered without cilastatin. The clinical study was carried out to assess efficacy and safety of metopenem in the treatment of urinary tract infections, in comparison to imipenem/cilastatin. Methods : This was a controlled, two-center, prospective, randomized study with two parallel groups. From October 1996 until February 1998, a total of 115 consecutive patients with urinary tract infections, such as pyeolonephritis and complicated cystitis, were randomly allocated into two groups, 58 in the meropenem group and 57 in the imipenem/cilastatin group. Both drugs were administered intravenously, at a dose of 0.5 g every 12 hours. The mean duration of therapy was 4 days (3-8 days) for both treatment. Clinical and bacteriological reponses were assessed at the begining of treatment, during treatment, at the end of treatment, and follow-up (1-2 weeks). Results : A total of 67 patients, 34 of meropenem and 33 of imipenem/cilastatin, were evaluable for response. Overall, a positive clinical response (recovery and improvement) was observed in 32 (94.1%) of 34 patients treated with meropenem and in 29 (87.9%) of 33 patients with imipenem/cilastin and the corresponding eradication rates of the primary pathogens were 32 (94.1%) of 34 patients and 29 (87.9%) of 33 patients, respectively. The microbiological relapse after the treatment completion was recorded in 4 patients treated with meropenem and 7 patients given imipenem/cilastath and superinfections occurred in none and 2 patients, respectively. No statistically significant differences in the clinical or bacteriological outcome were observed between the treatment groups. Both drugs were well tolerated with adverse events considered to be related to therapy being recorded for 1 (1.8%) of 56 patients treated with meropenem and 1 (1.9%) of 53 of those who had been given imipenenjcilastatin. Conclusion : Empirial monotherapy with meropenem was therefore as effective and as well tolerated as that with imipenem/cilastatin for the treatment of urinary tract infections.

급성 단순하부요로감염의 경험적 치료로써 레보플록사신 3일요법의 효과

이지열,이승주,이상돈,정희창,오봉렬,김세웅,최한용,조용현,윤문수 대한화학요법학회 2001 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.19 No.4

목적 : 급성 단순요로감염의 원인균에 대한 내성증가에 따른 경험적 1차치료의 선택에 대한 어려움으로 인하여 최근 미국의 Infectious Disease Society of America(IDSA)에서는 이에 대한 가이드라인을 제시하였다. IDSA의 가이드라인에 따르면 그 지역의 TMP-SMX에 대한 내성균주의 비율이 10-20% 이상일 때는 급성 단순요로감염의 경험적 1차치료제로 플루오로퀴놀론제를 선택하도록 하였다. 이에 저자들은 급성 단순하부요로감염 환자에 있어서 레보플록사신에 대한 임상적, 미생물학적 유효성 및 안전성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 시험은 전향적, 비맹검, 공개, 비비교, 다기관 임상시험으로 시행되었고 전국 5개 대학병원을 방문한 56명의 급성 단순하부요로감염 환자에게 레보플록사신 100㎎을 1일 3회, 3일간 경구 투여하여 1-3일 후에 추적 관찰하였다. 결과 : 평가가 가능하였던 53명의 환자 중 50명의 환자에서 치료 후 5-7일 후에 증상이 소실되었거나 호전되어 94%의 임상적 유효성을 보였으며, 51명의 환자에서 치료 후 1-3일 후에 원인균이 제거되어 96%의 미생물학적 유효성을 보였다. 약물 관련 이상반응은 2%의 환자에서 나타났으나 이로 인한 치료 중단 사례는 없었으며 심각한 생화학적 또는 혈액학적 이상반응은 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : 레보플록사신 100㎎ 1일 3회 3일 요법은 임상적, 미생물학적 유효성이 뒤어나며 안전한 치료요법으로 급성 단순하부요로감염의 경험적 1차 치료에 적합할 것으로 생각된다. Background : The increasing frequency of clinical failure of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) may be due to emerging resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines state that uncomplicated UTIs should be treated empirically with a fluoroquinolone, if the proportion of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates in the community is >10%-20%. The clinical efficacy and safety of levofloxacin were assessed in patients with acute, uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection. Methods : The study was a multicenter, prospective, open label, non-comparative, non-blinded trial. Fifty-six patients with acute, uncomplicated symptomatic lower urinary tract infections from five university hospitals were treated with levofloxacin 100㎎ tid for 3 days and were followed up for 1 to 5 days. Results : Fifty-three of the 56 patients were evaluable. Ninety-four per cent of patients were symptomatically cured or improved by the fifth to seventh day after therapy started. Bacteriological eradication of initial pathogen was achieved by 1 to 3 days in 96%. Drug related adverse experiences were seen in 2% of patients. None necessitated cessation of therapy. No significant biochemical or hematological abnormalities occurred. Conclusion : These results demonstrate the clinical efficacy and safety of empirical 3-day levofloxacin for acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

蠶糞의 成分에 關한 硏究

주현규,박면용,김문주,민경찬 건국대학교 1974 學術誌 Vol.17 No.1

신증후군, 단클론성 감마병증 및 다발성 골용해 병변으로 발현한 소형 림프구성 림프종 1예

유준호,안명주,김호중,이웅수,박용욱,박문향 한양대학교 의과대학 1999 한양의대 학술지 Vol.19 No.2

We reported here a 70-year-old woman with small lymphocytic lymphoma who was initially presented with recurrent nephrotic syndrome and later developed multiple bone lytic lesions and monoclonal gammopathy, mimicking plasma cell dyscrasia and only involving bone marrow without lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. She responded to combination chemotherapy, including cyclophosphamide and prednisone with proteinuria disappearing. The unusual features of this case includes : (1) nephrotic syndrome of minimal change lesion as the initial manifestion in lymphocytic lymphoma, (2) only bone marrow involvement of lymphoma without organomegaly or lymphadenopathy, (3) the presence of multiple bone lytic lesions in conjunction with monoclonal gammopathy in a patient with lymphoma rather than multiple myeloma.

병원획득 Klebsiella pneumoniae 균혈증 분석을 통해 본 Ciprofloxacin 내성과 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase생성 간의 연관성

김미영,추은주,곽이경,송문희,나성수,송태준,김성혜,전재범,최상호,정진용,김남중,김양수,우준희,류지소 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5

목적 : K. pneumoniae는 ciprofloxacin내성 증가가 전세계적으로 문제가 되고있는 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)를 생성하는 대표적인 세균으로 최근 외국에서 ciprofloxacin 내성과 ESBL 생성사이에 관련이 있다는 2-3편의 보고들이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 병원획득 K. pneumoniae 패혈증이 있었던 환자들을 대상으로 ciprofloxacin 내성과 관련된 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2001년 1월 부터 2002년 12월 사이에 2200병상의 3차 의료기관인 한 대학병원에서 입원 후 72시간 이후에 나간 혈액배양에서 K. pneumoniae가 배양된 입원환자를 대상으로 의무기록과 전산기록을 분석하여 환자의 성별, 나이, 병동, 기저질환, 이전의 항생제 사용력, 패혈증 발생당시까지의 재원기간, 이전 입원력, 원인균의ESBL 생성유무 등을 파악하였고 이들 변수가 ciprofloxacin 내성과 관련이 있는지를 분석하였다. 재발성 패혈증의 경우는 첫 번째 경우만을 분석에 포함하였다. 결과 : 연구대상 환자는 총154명이었고 K. pneumoniae의 ciprofloxacin에 대한 내성률은 28.6% (44/154)였다. Ciprofloxacin 내성균주 중 ESBL 생성균주의 비율은 95.5% (42/44)였고 ciprofloxacin 감수성균주에서 ESBL 생성균주의 비율은 24.5% (27/110)였다(P<0.001). ESBL생성외에 단변량 분석에서 유의한 관련을 보인 변수로는 남자, 나이가 많은 경우, 패혈증 당시 중환자실 재원, 기저질환이 고형암, 혈액암, 담도계 질환인 경우, 패혈증 발생이전 1달 이내의 항생제 사용력, 3세대 cephalosporin, metronidazole, fluroquinolone, carbapenem 투여력이 있었다. 다변량 로지스틱 분석을 시행 하였을 때는 나이가 많은 경우(Adjusted odds ratio[A0R]; 1.04, 95%confidence interval[CI]; 1.01-1.06)와 ESBL 생성(AOR; 81.35, 95% CI; 17.76-372.53)이 유의하게 ciprofloxacin 내성과 관련이 있었다. 결론 : 패혈증을 일으킨 병원획득 K. pneumonias에서의 ciprofloxacin 내성은 ESBL 생성과 유의한 관련을 보였고 향후 이에 관련된 원인이나 기전을 분석하기위한 분자역학적·분자생물학적 연구가 필요하겠다. Background : Strains of ciprofloxacin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged worldwide. We investigated the epidemiology of ciprofloxacin resistance and its relationship to ESBL production in nosocomial K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Materials and Methods : Using the computerized database of clinical microbiology, we identified all patients whose blood culture had yielded K. pneumoniae between January 2001 and December 2002 at a 2200-bed university-affiliated tertiary-care hospital. During the study period, total of 392 episodes of K. pneumoniae bacteremia were documented of which 163 episodes were acquired nosocomially. 9 cases of recurrent episodes were excluded. Results : The resistance rates to ciprofloxacin was 28.6% (44/154). ESBL-production was significantly more common in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates than in ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates (95.9% [42/44] vs. 24.5% [27/110], P<0.001). In univariate analysis, following factors were significantly associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin: older age, male sex, ICU admission at the time of bacteremia, prior use of antibiotics within 1 month before bacteremia, solid tumor, hematological malignancy, or biliary disease as underlying disease, and ESBL-production. The prior use of 3^(rd)-generation cephalosprins, metronidazole, fluroquinolone, or carbapenem were also risk factors. Independent risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance were older age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]; 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.01-1.06) and ESBL production (AOR; 81.35, 95% CI; 17.76-372.53). Conclusion : The close relationship between ciprofloxacin resistance and ESBL production was documented in nosocomial K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Further epidemiological and molecular studies to determine factors and mechanisms involved in the relationship are needed.