151종 생약제 추출물이 B형 간염 바이러스 표면 항원(HBsAg)과 항체(HBsAb)의 결합반응 그리고 HBV DNA polymerase 활성에 미치는 효과 : 한국산 각종 생약제를 이용한 B형 간염치료제의 개발

정태호,김정철,김문규,이인선,채성철,김승래,정준모,이인수,김승호,함경수 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1992 慶北醫大誌 Vol.33 No.3

세계인구 43억명 중 B형 간염 바이러스 보균자는 2억 1천 5백만명이며 이중 78%인 1억 6천만명 이상이 아시아 대륙에 집중되어 있다. 한국도 B형 바이러스 간염의 침윤지대이다. 본 연구는 B형 바이러스 보균자 혹은 만성간염을 치료할 수 있는 생약제를 탐색할 목적의 일환으로 한국에서 시판하는 생약제 151종을 구입하여 증류수로 추출하고 여과한 후 냉동건조하여 HBs 항원에 대한 결합능, HBV DNA polymerase억제능, tumor necrosis factor(TNF) 유리에 미치는 영향, 그리고 galactosamine 유발 간염에 대한간장보호 작용을 조사하였다. 151종의 생약제중 0.16㎍/㎖ 농도에서 간염 vaccine 내에 함유된 HBs 항원과 결합하는 생약제는 지유, 가자, 복분자, 대황, 정향, 빈량, 산수유, 소목, 마황, 쇄양, 후박, 목과, 양강, 오약, 산사, 목단피 등 16종이었다. 이들 생약제중 대황(Rheum palmatum L. 大黃), 가자(Terminalia chebula R. 訶子), 지유(Sanguisorba officinalis L. 地楡), 복분자(Rubus coreanus M. 覆盆子)는 HBV DNA polymerase 활성도를 비교적 강하게 억제하였으며 빈량(Areca catechu L. 빈랑), 정향(Eugenia caryophyllata T. 丁香), 목과(Chaenomeles japonica L. 木瓜), 산수유(Cornus officinalis S. 山茱萸)는 약하게나마 HBV DNA polymerase 활성을 억제하였다. 또한 HBV DNA polymerase를 억제한 대황, 가자, 지유, 복분자, 빈량, 정향, 마황, 소목, 산수유를 대상으로 TNF 유리에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 소목을 제외한 8종의 생약제 모두가 대식세포를 자극하여 TNF를 유리시켰다. 그리고 장차 임상에 사용함을 전제로 HBV DNA polymerase를 억제한 대황, 가자, 지유, 복분자, 빈량, 정향, 마황, 소목, 산수유를 galactosamine 유발 간염(백서)에 투여하여 간기능 검사에 미치는 효과를 조사하였으나 간기능 검사상으로는 특별한 보호작용을 나타내지 못하였으며 생약제 단독 투여로서는 간기능에 대하여 나쁜 영향을 주지 않았다. Hepatitis B virus infection is major cause of acute and chrome hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are over 200 million carriers of hepatitis B virus in the world, nearly 80 % of whom live in the South East Asia, Korea is also highly endemic area of hepatitis B virus infection. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of extracts of traditional Korean herbal medicines on hepatitis B virus. 151 traditional herbs were extracted, filtered and lyophilized. Using 151 herbal extracts we tested binding capability to the HBs Ag, inhibition of HBV DNA polymerase, release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and protection against galactosamine induced liver damage. Among 151 herbs, 16 herbs (Sanguisorba officinalis L., Terminalia chebula R., rubus coreanus M., Rheum palmatum L., Eugenia caryophyllata T., Areca catechu L., Cornus officinalis S., Caesalpinia sappan L, Ephedra sinica S., Cynomorium songaricum R., Machilus thunbergii S., Chaenomeles japonica L., Alpinia officinarum H., Lindera strychnifolia V., Crataegus pinnatifida B., Paeonia suffruticasa A. ) had binding capability to HBs Ag which contained in the commercial hepatitis vaccine, at 16 ug/㎖ of concentratioa Among the above 16 herbs, Rheum palmatum L., Terminalia chebula R., Sanguisorba officinalis L., Rubus coreanus M. significantly inhibited the HBV DNA polymerase activity, and Areca catechu L., Eugenia caryophyllata T., Ephedra sinica S., Caesalpinia sappan L., Chaenomeles Japonica L., Cornus officinalis S. also inibited the HBV DNA polymerase activity but less effective. All of the herbs, except Caesalpinia sappan L., which inhibited the HBV DNA polymerase activity, actively stimulated the mononuclear cells to release tumor necrosis factor(TNF) in whole blood culture system. The herbs which inhibited the HBV DNA polymerase activity, did not show any protective effect in galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats, but there was no direct toxic effect when herbs were administered alone.

말초혈액 내 백혈구수와 대사증후군과의 연관성

황상태,김범수,황상준,서정열,김병진,이원영,성기철,강진호,김선우,이만호,박정로 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.3

백서의 우울모형에서의 칼슘통로 길항제 에타베린(Ethaverine)의 항우울효과

이상경,김선희,김록우,윤성환,김용관,김경태,김영훈 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 본 전임상연구에서는 우울증의 두가지 동물모형을 통해 에타베린이 단독 혹은 이미프라민과 병용처치 되었을 때의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 표준화된 검사법인 강제수영검사를 사용하여 옹성백서에게 에타베린(20mg/kg) 및 이미프라민 (20mg/kg)을 단독 혹은 병용 처치하였을 때의 부동시간의 변화를 관찰하였고, 경도의 만성 스트레스를 3주간 가한 후 4주간 에타베린과 이미프라민을 단독 혹은 병용 처치하였을때의 자당섭취량의 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과: 약물을 1회 단기처치 및 7일간 장기처치한 강제수영검사에서 이미프라민 및 에타베린 단독처치는 대조군에 비하여 부동시간의 단축을 보였고 에타베린은 이미프라민의 부동시간 감소에 대한 증강작용을보였다. 경도의 만성스트레스 실험에서도 3주간의 스트레스로 인하여 감소된 백서의 자당섭취량을 이미 프라민 및 에타베린이 회복시켰으며, 치료초기에 두 약물의 병용처치효과가 두드러졌다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 에타베린이 향우울 효과를 가지고 있음을 시사하며, 삼환계 항우울제인 이미프라민의 항우울효과를 증강시키므로 에타베린의 임상적 활용 가능성을 보여준다. Objectives: This pre-clinical study was performed to assess the effects of ethaverine in the two kinds of behavioral models of depression in rats. Methods: We observed the changes of the immobility time in the froced swimming test and the quantity of sucrose consumed in the chronic mild stress model, using ethaverine(20mg/kg) alone, imipramine(20mg/kg) alone, or ethaverine and imipramine concomitantly. Results: In the forced swimming test, both single treatment and chronic treatment(for 7days) with imipramine or ethaverine significantly reduced the immobility time, and concomitant chronic treatment with ethaverine potentiated the effect of imipramine. In the chronic mild stress model, both imipramine and ethaverine reversed the decreased sucrose consumption induced by 3-week stress and concomitantly treated ethaverine potentiated the effect of imi-pramine in the early phase of treatment. Conclusions: The data suggest that ethaverine can be used alone or concomitantly with other antidepressants in the clinical situation.

Bleomycin 투여가 mice신장에 미치는 독성에 관한 생리학적, 생화학적 및 초미세형태학적 연구

김상엽,조성태 광주보건대학 1991 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Bleomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces Verticillus, ha been used as an anticancer drug active aganist human squamous cell carcinoma of skin and lung. In this experiment, the author pursed the effect of bleomycin on the mouse kidney, observing the physiological, biochemical and ultrastructural changes in glomerulus and convoluted tubules. Mice(ICR strain) were used as experiment animals which were divided into two groups, the control and experimental groups. In order to elucidate the nephrotoxicity of the mouse administrated bleomycin in D. W., this study was carried out. Bleomycin was injected 20 units per kg of body weight to abdominal portion of mouse in 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks. After 5 weeks, the left kindey was taken out from the mouse with injicted bleomycin and investigatigated the damages of the cells by the ultrastructural inspections. The results obtained were as follows 1. The thickened basement mimbrane of glomerulus and closed urinary space, fused parietal epithelial cells were observed, respectively. 2. Destructed brush border, granular degeneration, formed crescent, fused foot process, vacuolation of proximal and distal convoluted tubules were shown. 3. Phsiological characteristics of experimental groups, thrombocyte, Hematocrit and MCV were significantly increased. 4. Total lipid concentration, blood urea nitrogen were slightly increased and total cholesterol and albumins were significantly increased on all experimental groups. 5. In the structural changes of the mitochondria in kidney treated with bleomycin the organelles changes into a spherical or oval shapes, irregular cristae and destructed mitochondria were shown. From the above results, bleomycin damages both proximal and distal convoluted tubular epithelial cells and glomerulus in mice kidney.

백혈병 세포를 이용한 종양-림프구 혼합면역반응의 임상적 의의

김희제,조현일,김태규,한훈,김춘추,민우성 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2000 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구는 골수성 백혈병세포와 공여자 유래의 말초 혈액 단핵구를 실험관 내에서 배양하여 백혈병 특이 세포 독성 T 세포를 HLA 일치 형제 공여자로부터 유도하고, 유도된 T 세포의 특성을 규명하여 조혈모세포이식 후의 임상적인 소견과의 연관성을 조사하고자 하였다. 만성기 5례, 가속기 3례, 급성기 2례를 포함하는 10례의 만성 골수성 백혈병 환자들과 1차 완전 관해 상태에 있는 2례의 급성 골수성 백혈병 환자들의 말초혈액에서 수상돌기 세포를 유도하여 항원제시세포로 사용하였다. 백혈병 세포에 대한 세포 독성 T 세포의 효과적인 유도는 급성 골수성 백혈병, 만성 골수성 백혈병의 만성기와 급성기, 가속기의 순서였다. 세포 독성은 세가지 표적 세포인 K562 세포주, 백혈병 세포와 환자의 PHA 자극세포에 대한 세포독성 실험을 통해 세포독성 T 세포에 의한 것인지 또는 자연 살해 세포 (NK 세포)에 의한 것인지 구별할 수 있었다. 세 가지 표적세포에 대한 세포살해는 결과를 종합하여 동종 조혈모 세포이식 후 백혈병의 제발 가능성을 예측할 수 있었다. 즉 세가지 표적세포들 중 한 가지에서라도 양성 반응을 보인 경우 이식편대 백혈병 효과로 인해 백혈병 재발률이 낮았다. 2례의 만성 골수성 백혈병 가속기 환자들에서 유도된 백혈병성 수상돌기 세포들은 세포의 형태학적 소견과 유세포 분석기를 사용한 면역 표현형이 수상돌기 세포와 동일하였으나 이를 이용해 유도한 세포독성 T 세포는 유의한 활성을 나타내지 않았다. 결론적으로 백혈병 세포에 대한 공여자 기원의 항 백혈병 세포독성 T 세포는 Interleukin-2로 자극하여 실험관내 배양이 가능하며, 이를 통해 질환의 특성이나 백혈병 세포의 생물학적 이질성에 따른 세포 살해능의 다양성을 규명할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Background:Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an effective treatment for a large number of patients suffering from malignant hematological disorders. An immune-mediated graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect is an important feature of this treatment modality. Although numerous clinical and experimental data have given evidence for both T and NK cells involved in this phenomenon, leukemic relapse and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) mediated by T cells still remain the major problems of allogeneic BMT. In this study, we tried to define the characteristics of anti-leukemic CTLs and to evaluate the clinical implications of the cellular immunity in leukemic patients. Methods:Leukemic cells were incubated concurrently with peripheral mononuclear cells isolated from HLA-matched sibling donors. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) have been generated from peripheral blood cells of 12 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) including 5 in chronic phase (CP), 3 in accelerated phase (AP), 2 in blastic crisis (BC) and 2 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in first complete remission. The activity of CTLs and NK cells was measured by 51Cr release assay using autologous leukemic cells, K562 cell line and patient's PHA blasts as target cells. Results:The efficacy of generating CTLs against leukemic target cells were AML, CML-CP and CML-BC, CML-AP in order. Low leukemia relapse events was found to be associated with the strong intensity of cytotoxcity for K562 cell lines, and in addition to this, if we combine the cytotoxicity effects for all thee target cells, the possibility of relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) was significantly predictable. Any significant association of the cytotoxicity against three target cells with GVHD was not found. Sex-matching or mismatching between donor and recipient did not affected on the NK cell activity. Conclusion:Our results demonstrated that donor-derived antileukemic cytotoxic T-cells against patient's own leukemic cells are producible in vitro and the activity of CTLs and NK cells may be variable according to disease-specificity or to biological heterogeneity of leukemia. If the specific, stable and reproducible anti-leukemic CTLs could be generated in vitro, these CTL lines could be used for the treatment of relapsed or predictable relapse high-risk leukemia after allogeneic BMT and for post-mini-transplantation immunotherapy in the near future.

K-空間의 카테시안 積에 관하여

金泰星 건국대학교 1978 論文集 Vol.8 No.1

Let F be a family of continuous functions from a topological space X to a topological space Y. In thin note, we consider the problems of the product of two topological spaces is a k-space and the related problems and also prove a generalization of the Ascoli-theorem [2].

프랑스 革命時代(1794~1797)의 Bonn과 Ko¨ln間의 紛爭問題

金相泰 세종대학교 1969 세종대학 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

稻熱病 抵抗性에 關한 硏究

金明運,盧愼圭,白壽鳳,李成泰,任文淳,朴澤奎,李麗夏 건국대학교 1974 學術誌 Vol.17 No.1

This study was made to investigate the degree of rice blast disease developing in various plants and also the relationship between the disease developing and the amount of content of nutrients in rice plants which were differently dressed. Possibility for culture of rice-blast race was studied and the structure of infected leaves were observed by electron microscope. 1) The varieties sampled, Pung-kwang, Jin-heung, Pal-tal, Pung-ok and Tong-il, were seeded and cultivated in pots. When fifth or sixth leaf emerged, the races of blast T,C,N were innoculated in all varieties. In dressing test Pung-ok, which leas susceptible to blast, was dressed with nitrogen fertilizer in ordinary and twofold and in none-dressing or dressing of silicon fertilizer. When the fifth or sixth leaf was appeared, races T, C, N was innoculated in each varieties of pot. In all experiment the degree of infection was checked out according to the order of leaf, and at the same time, the relationship between the degree of disease developing and the contents of nutrients by determining the total nitrogen, total sugar, phosphoric acid, kalium, silicon dioxide soluble nitrogen and soluble sugar was studied. The occurance of symptom was relatively frequent in upper primary or secondary leaf in all varieties regardless of the kind of fertilizers or their dressing amount. Comparing the occurrencies of disease development in examined varieties, Jin heung was lowest and Pung-ok was highest, while Tong-il was completely free from the infection of the disease. The race T-type attacked most seriously the varieties of Jin-heung, Pal-Tal and Pung-kwang except Pung-ok, C-type was moderate and N-type was very weak in Pung-ok. In the amount of dressing, the occurance of disease was very rare in the rice plant of N-ordinary-silicon fertilizer dressed and frequent in that of nitrogen fertilizer-twofold-and-silicon fertilizer none dressed. The disease developing differed with the races, indicating T-type was most poweful, C-type moderate while N-type was weak. In the interaction between the contents of nutrients in riceplant and the degree of disease developing, Pung-ok, which was very abundant in nitrogen, phosporic acid, glutamic acid, asp artic acid glutamine, asparagine, cystine, serine and sucrose but little in sugar, kalium and silicondioxide, was most susceptible to the disease. Jin-heung, resistant one, was opposite to Pung-ok in all aspects. As a result there was a correlation between the kind or amount of nutrients in rice plant and the disease attack. According to the amount of dressed fertilizer, the rice plant dressed in N-twofold and silicon dioxide none dressed had the larger amounts of total nitrogen, phosphoric acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and gldtamine but little in sugar and silicon dioxide contents. While in the rice plant dressed with N-ordinary and silicon fertilizer. the tendancy of disease occuring was low respectively. 2) The study on the cultivation of race T,C,N in the media added such organic acid as succinic acid, valeric acid, malic acid, ketoglutaric acid and such phenolic chlorogenic acid and salicylic acid was made. The result of which was as follow: ① There were no differences in growth of T,C,N type races. ② In the media added organic acid the growth was favorable. ③ In the media added chlorogenic acid the growth was promoted but in the one added salicylic acid the growth was inhibited. 3) The morphological changes of the infected waves alls the structure of hypha of blast which had penetrated into the leaf cell of Pung-ok, which was susceptible one to the disease, was observed by electric microscope. The following facts were found. ① In healthy leaves normal nucleus, mitohcondria, chloroplast, entoplasmic reticulum, vacuole and cytoplasm, especially round substances, were chearly observed by electron microspcope. ② In the infected leaves, the space of the nucleus double memberance was enlarged, and some of the nucleu walls were destroyed. The thinlayer structure of glanalamelae in lamela system was enlarged, somewhere spates were appeared while stromas were disappeared. In mitochondria the spaces of the double membrance were enlarged. ③ Cytoplasm of cell which were attacked by hypha was completely destroyed and the hypha lost their normal structure. ④ In the structure of hypha which penetrated into the cell wall of epidermis, nucleus, mitochondria, round ectoplasmic reticulum, vacuole and substances were clearly observed.

1972년 8월 서울시내 침수지역하수에서 대한 장내병원균 분리상태

김성희,김우식,고광균,이연태,이종훈 中央醫學社 1974 中央醫學 Vol.26 No.5

Bacteriological survey was performed with the 81 seweage specimens taken from the flooded areas in Seoul City (Young; dungpo-Ku, Yongsan-Ku, Mapo-Ku, Seongdong-Ku and Seodaemoon-Ku) during August, 1972. Thirteen strains of enteric pathogens were isolated. from their specimens of the 13' strains of isolates, 5 strains of Salmonella species, 6 strains of Shigella and 2 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were confirmed by means of biological, biochemial and serological test, respectively.

분만손상

김태승,황건성,김주학 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

서론 : 분만손상이란 진통이나 분만기간 중에 발생될 수 있는 태아에게 해로운 모든 조건을 말한다. 이러한 손상에는 저 산소증으로 인한 뇌손상과, 기계적인 요소에 의한 골절, 신경마비, 두개내 혈종 및 복부손상 등을 포함하고 있다. 분만손상을 야기시킬 수 있는 위험 요인으로는 둔위분만, 감자분만, 아두골반 불균형, 난산, 과체중 등이 있으나 최근에는 산전관리 및 분만방법의 개선, 그리고 제왕절개술의 증가추세로 분만손상율은 감소를 보이고 있다. 정형외과 영역에서의 분만손상은 쇄골 골절, 상완골 골절, 상완 신경총손상, 대퇴골 골절 등이 있으며, 이에 본 병원에서는 최근 11년간 경험한 분만손상에 대해 연구 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1991년1월부터 2001년 12월까지 한양대의료원 서울병원에서 경험한 분만손상중 두개 내외의 혈종과 뇌신경손상 복부손상을 제외한 사지에 발생된 골절, 신경손상 환자 17명(남자 9명, 여자 8명), 20례를 대상으로 하였다. 두개 내외의 혈종과 뇌신경손상, 복부손상은 제외하였으며, 지료기록지를 조사하여 분만손상에 대한 자료를 얻었다. 결과 : 본 병원에서 경험한 분만손상 중 사지에 발생한 골절, 신경손상은 쇄골 골절 9례, 대퇴골 골절 3례, 상완골 골절 1례, 상완 신경총손상 6례, 원위대퇴골 골단분리증 1례이었다. 쇄골 골절 환아는 재태기간 40-42주사이에 분만되었으며, 신생아의 평균 체중은 4.25 ㎏으로 신생아체중 표준치에 비해 높았으며, 상완 신경총손상 환아 역시 재태기간 40-42주에 분만되었고, 평균 체중 4.42 ㎏으로 높았다. 대퇴골 골절 3례는 모두 둔위로 인한 제왕절개술 분만시에 발생하였고, 이들 중 1례는 좌골부결합체 (ischiopagus)로 태어났다. 원위대퇴골단 분리증 분리손상은 초기에는 간과되었으나, 시간이 경과하면서 현저한 골막반응을 나타내어 통해 분만손상으로 진단되었다. 결론 : 쇄골 골절과 상완 신경총손상은 과체중과 매우 관련이 있다고 할 수 있겠으며, 대퇴골골절은 둔위와 관련하여 제왕절개술시의 분만술기와 관계있다고 할 수 있겠다. 또, 마비증상은 상완 신경총 손상이나 골절로 인한 가성마비로서 나타날 수 있기 때문에 이에 대해 주의깊게 관찰해야 되겠다.무엇보다도 분만손상은 과체중과 관련된 경우가 많으므로, 초음파 검사 또는 산전 진단 방법을 통해 과체중으로 분만되는 것을 지양하여 분만손상을 줄이는 것이 필요하다 하겠다. Purpose : Birth injury is any condition that affects the adversely during the labor of delivery. These traumatic injuries are subdivided further into those from hypoxia and mechanical factors. Risk factor of birth injuries have been reported to breech presentation, forcep delivery, cephalopelvic desproportion dystocia, and high birth weight. But, because of preterm care and development of delivery method and Cesarian section, recently the rate of birth injury was decreasing and the articles about birth injuries in orthopaedic fields have not been much. We analyzed the data about birth injuries occurred during recent 11 years. Materials and Methods : We reviewed the charts and patients the 17 patients (20 cases) of birth injuries including fracture, nerve injury during the delivery at Hanyang University hospital from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 2001. But, we excluded birth injury of head and abdomen. Results : The number of fractures and nerve injuries on extrimities in our hospital were clavicle fracture 9 cases, brachial plexus injury 6 cases, femur fracture 3 cases, separation of distal remoral epiphysis I case, humerus fracture I case. Patients of clavicle fracture were born at mean intrauterine period 41.5 weeks and mean birth weight of the patients was 4.25 ㎏. Patients of brachial plexus injury were born at mean intrauterine period 39.5 weeks and mean birth weight of the patients was 4.42㎏. Three cases of femoral fracture were all due to breech position while cesarean operartion and one of these cases were born were as ishiophagus. We found the distal femoral epiphyseal separation injury missed initially and diagnosed a kind of birth injuries through remarkable periosteal reaction. Conclusion : The birth injuries including clavicle fracture and brachial plexus injury are highly related to high birth weight at birth and the femur fractures are related to delivery maneuver in C-section and breech delivery. Strict observation and monitoring are required because occasionally the paralysis might be the sign of brachial plexus injury or pseudoparalysis due to fracture. By the adequate preterm care or preterm ultrasound check up, high weight delivery could be avoided and then the birth injury must be reduced.