韓國人 乳癌組織의 Estrogen 受容體의 檢索

金政徹,李洙定,鄭泰浩,朴朗韻,黃一愚 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1992 慶北醫大誌 Vol.33 No.3

한국여성의 유방암에서 estrogen수용체 및 progesterone수용체의 분포를 알아보기 위하여 39례의 유방암조직에서 이를 측정하였다. Estrogen수용체는 33.3%에서 양성으로 5.42에서 230.02f㏖/㎎ protein까지의 값을 나타내었고 progesterone수용체는 5.34내지 66.60f㏖/㎎ protein의 함량을 가진 56.4%에서 양성이었다. 폐경기 이전은 폐경기 이후에 비해 estrogen수용체와 progesterone수용체가 모두 양성인 경우가 더 많았고 모두 음성인 경우는 더 적었으며 환자의 연령이 50세 이하인 경우의 progesterone수용체 양성율은 50세 이상의 경우보다 두배 이상 높았다. 또한 액와임파절전이가 전혀없는 경우가 1개이상 전이된 경우보다 훨씬 높은 estrogen수용체 양성율을 보였으며 TNM병기 Ⅱ는 병기Ⅱ나 Ⅳ보다 estrogen수용체 및 progesterone수용체 양성율이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 조직학적 유형과 호르몬 수용체와의 관계는 대부분이 infiltrating ductal carcinoma인 까닭에 의미 있는 결과를 얻지 못하였다. 이상의 결과에서 나타난 estrogen수용체 및 progesterone수용체와 유방암의 여러 임상적 병리조직학적 측면들과의 상관관계로 미루어 볼 때 임상검사실에서의 통상적인 호르몬수용체 측정법 확립은 유방암의 치료 및 예후판단에 매우 유용하리라 기대된다. The levels of estrogen receptors (ER) ad Progesterone receptors (PR) in 39 breast cancer tissues have been determined and a correlation of both receptor levels with the histopathologic findings and clinical features was attempted. The ER levels ranged from 0 to 230.02 fmol/㎎ cytosol protein and the PR levels ranged from 0 to 66.60 fmol/㎎ cytosol protein. 33% of the specimens were ER+ and 56% were PR+. The group younger than 50 years had a higher percentage of positive PR status. The positive rate of ER showed no significant difference between pre and postmenopause, while those of PR was decreased from 67% in pre-to 41% in postmenopause. 82% of the histologic type were infiltrating ductal carcinoma and 74% of patients were stage Ⅱ of TNM classification. These results indicated that there was strong correlation between age, menopausal status, axillary lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and receptor status.

주희 황극(皇極) 해석의 하락학(河洛學)적 특징 − 황극 개념 해석의 역사적 변천을 중심으로 −

김정철 동양철학연구회 2024 동양철학연구 Vol.120 No.-

본 논문의 목적은 주희(朱熹)의 「황극변」 등에 나타난 황극 해석이 경학적으로 하락학적 요소에 근거하고 있음을 고찰하여 기존 한당대의 해석과 다른 특징을 드러내는 것이다. 송대는 홍범학의 부흥기로서, 호원 장경 왕안석 등 당시 학자들은 적극적으로 「홍범」을 해석하고자 하였다. 이들의 홍범구주 해석은 대체로 한대의 재이론적 해석에 반대하면서, 천인을 분리하고 군주의 정치 행위 자체에 주목하는 경향이 강화되었다. 천인(天人) 가운데 인(人)을 강조하면서 홍범구주의 모든 항목은 군주의 행위로 이해되었다. 이들과 달리 천인 관계를 부정하지 않으면서 군주의 행위에 주목한 학자들도 있었는데, 주희와 증공이 대표적이다. 이들은 홍범천수설을 인정하고 홍범구주의 운용 주체를 군주로 보았지만, 구주의 운용 과정 가운데 계의, 서징 등을 천(天)이 개입하는 부분으로 이해하면서 천인 관계의 중심으로 홍범구주를 이해한다. 주희의 황극 해석은 이러한 송대 홍범 해석의 다양성을 배경으로 두고 있다. 주희의 새로운 황극 해석은 경학적으로 하락학적 요소에 근거한 측면이 있다. 한당대 해석에서 황극은 구주 가운데 하나의 과정이기에 ‘대중(大中)’이라는 의미로 해석되었지만, 주희는 이에 반대하면서 황극을 ‘표준’으로 재해석하였다. 그는 생수와 성수의 관계와 하락학의 숫자 배치와 상징성을 강조하면서 5 황극이 단지 중앙에 있을 뿐 아니라 태극(太極)처럼 유일하고 근원적인 성격을 지니고 있으며 동시에 구주 전체 운용의 주체가 됨을 주장하였다. 하락학에 근거한 주희의 새로운 황극 해석은 이후 학자들에 의해 계승되었는데, 특히 채침의 서집전 이 명대 오경대전의 하나로 편입되면서 주류의 해석으로 자리매김하게 되었다. The purpose of this paper is to examine Zhu Xi(朱熹)’s interpretation of Supremacy Polarity (皇極) as presented in works such as Huangjibian (皇極辨), highlighting how it is grounded in elements of He-luo Studies (河洛學) within classical scholarship. This approach reveals features that distinguish Zhu Xi's interpretation from the traditional Han and Tang dynasty interpretations. The Song dynasty was a period of revival for the study of the Great Plan (洪範). Scholars of the time actively sought to reinterpret the Great Plan. Their interpretations of the Great Plan and its Nine Divisions generally opposed the Han-era cosmological theories of “disasters and omens” (災異說). Instead, they emphasized a separation between Heaven (天) and humanity (人), focusing on the political actions of the ruler. By placing greater emphasis on humanity within the Heaven-human relationship, these scholars interpreted every item in the Nine Divisions as a reflection of the ruler’s actions. In contrast, some scholars acknowledged the relationship between Heaven and humanity while also focusing on the ruler’s actions. Zhu Xi and Zeng Gong (曾鞏) are representative of this group. They accepted the theory of Heaven's Bestowal (天授) and viewed the ruler as the operative agent of the Nine Divisions. However, they interpreted certain processes, such as the Examination of Doubts by Prognostication (稽疑), as involving Various Verifications in Divination (庶徵). Thus, they understood the Nine Divisions as central to the Heaven-human relationship. Zhu Xi’s interpretation of Supremacy Polarity is rooted in this diversity of Great Plan interpretations during the Song dynasty. Zhu Xi;s new interpretation of Supremacy Polarity is based on elements of He-luo Studies within classical scholarship. In Han and Tang dynasty interpretations, the Supremacy Polarity was understood as one of the processes within the Nine Divisions and was interpreted as “Great Moderation” (大中). Zhu Xi, however, opposed this view and reinterpreted the Supremacy Polarity as a “standard” (標準). He emphasized the relationship between the Generative Number (生數) and the Achieving Number (成數), as well as the numerical arrangement and symbolism of He-luo Studies. He argued that Supremacy Polarity is not only central but also unique and fundamental, akin to the Supreme Ultimate (太極). Furthermore, he asserted that the Supremacy Polarity serves as the operative agent for the entire Nine Divisions. Zhu Xi’s reinterpretation of the Supremacy Polarity, grounded in He-luo Studies, was subsequently adopted by later scholars, especially in Cai Chen(蔡沈)’s Shujizhuan (書集傳), which was incorporated as one of the Five Classics Commentaries (五經大全) during the Ming dynasty, thus becoming the mainstream interpretation.

노인요양원 대피훈련을 통해 드러난 문제점과 개선방안에 관한 연구

김정철,최준호,홍원화 한국화재소방학회 2015 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.추계

Analysis of non-uniform flow distribution in parallel micro-channels

김정철,신정헌,손상호,윤석호 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.8

Micro heat exchangers have been widely used in both of academic and industrial fields for controlling heat for decades. Especially, the printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) is applicable to high pressure and high temperature cases since the manufacturing process, diffusion bonding, gives high durability. However, flow does not occur uniformly in multiple channels, which causes a heat transfer difference between the channels that reduces the effectiveness of the system. Also, it makes the total pressure drop larger than when it is uniformly distributed. Flow distribution has been studied intensively for decades, but the mechanism has not been clarified yet, since flow in the header is much too complicated. As a step to reveal the mechanism, we focus on maldistribution and quantitatively investigate the phenomena. We prepared experimental devices, including a set of parallel micro-channels, inlet and outlet. We used water as a working fluid, and water soluble red ink for visualization. We measured the interface location to derive the flow speed at each channel. We focused on the dependency of channel length and flow speed. In the theoretical part, we derived the flow speed profile of the entire channels that shows good agreement with the experimental results. This study provides a theoretical basis on resolving the maldistribution problem.

[구약] 인간 생명과 탈리온 법 - 출애굽기 21장 22-25절

김정철 한국성서학연구소 2013 성서마당 : 한국교회를 위한 성경연구지 Vol.- No.107

[구약] 감사함으로 그의 문에 들어가며 - 시편 100:1-5

김정철 한국성서학연구소 2015 성서마당 : 한국교회를 위한 성경연구지 Vol.- No.115

한국 동화와 독일 동화에 묘사된 가족관 비교

김정철 한국독일언어문학회 2005 독일언어문학 Vol.0 No.28

Analytic approach to analyzing the performance of membrane dehumidification by pervaporation

김정철,김동호,김영,김효선,서영수,박형규,윤석호 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.6

As life quality has been greatly improved recently, the importance of humidity control has increased. Various kinds of humidifiers and dehumidifiers have been developed and utilized widely in our daily lives and industrial processes. In this work, we focused on dehumidification facilitated by a pervaporation system that employs a nonporous membrane. The system mainly consists of two parallel chambers separated by the membrane and a vacuum pump that constantly drives moisture removal. The membrane-pump couple sets out a vapor concentration gradient across the membrane to permeate water vapors from the feed chamber of ambient wet air to the low-pressure permeate. The experiments were performed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber to supply the constant concentration of vapor to the feed chamber. We measured the outlet humidity and the water vapor transport rate, the mass of vapor permeated through the membrane, under various experimental conditions of different feed flow rates and feed chamber heights. As the flow rate increases, the outlet humidity is decreased, whereas the water vapor transport rate is increased. However, they are independent of the height in our experiment range. Combining the mass transport theory of the membrane and volume conservation of an infinitesimal control volume, we have established theories of the outlet humidity and the water vapor transport rate. The experimental data points are entirely consistent with our theory curves. Comparing the experimental results to the theories, we also have derived the membrane coefficient.

태음조위탕가미방(太陰調胃湯加味方)으로 복수를 동반한 간경변 환자 치험 1례

김정철,이해연,박정한,이재준,이유경,한동윤,조현석,Kim, Jung-Chul,Lee, Hae-Yeon,Park, Jung-Han,Lee, Jae-Jun,Lee, You-Kyung,Han, Dong-Youn,Cho, Hyun-Seok 대한한방내과학회 2004 대한한방내과학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Liver cirrhosis is a disease of the liver in which normal cells are replaced by scar tissue. This condition results in the failure of the liver to perform many of its usual functions. Liver cirrhosis include acsites, jaundice, portal hypertension, varices etc. This report is about one case of ascites with liver cirrhosis. In this case, we administrated Taeumjowetang-gamibang was administered and acupuncture was done in treatment of ascites and its symptoms. After administration of Taeumjowetang-gamibang medication, clinical symptoms and prominently improved and ascites dwindled to nothing. This reports suggests Taeumjowetang-gamibang has desirable effected on ascites.

Hair biology; implications for hair transplantation

김정철 대한피부과학회 1997 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.49 No.1