Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Rat Tissue: Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis

Park*, Eui‐,Chul,Yoon, Jong‐,Bok,Seong*, Jin‐,Sil,Choi, Kyoung‐,Soo,Kong, Eung‐,Sik,Kim, Yun‐,Jeong,Park, Young‐,Mee,Park, Eun‐,Mi Taylor Francis 2006 Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology Vol.36 No.1

<P>Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by ionizing radiation, has been implicated in its effect on living tissues. We confirmed the changes in the oxidative stress markers upon irradiation. We characterized the changes in the proteome profile in rat liver after administering irradiation, and the affected proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and ESI-MS/MS. The identified proteins represent diverse sets of proteins participating in the cellular metabolism. Our results demonstrated that proteomics analysis is a useful method for characterization of a global proteome change caused by ionizing radiation to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved in the cellular responses to ionizing radiation.</P>

흑임자죽 재료배합비의 최적화 연구

박정리,김정미,김종군 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.6

The aim of this study was to develop a standardized recipe for black sesame gruel that has been preferred for generations as a nutritional food. The method focused on optimizing the mixing ratio of the components to impove the quality of the black sesame gruels that modern consumers would like. The results are summarized as follows: The more black sesame added to the gruel, the lower its brightness was, but the redness and yellowness was higher. The amount of black sesame made a significant difference in the viscosity, color, nutty taste, bitterness, appearance and overall preference. It was highest in the overall preference when the amount of black sesame was added 33g(40% of rice weight basis). Different types of rice were added to the black sesame gruel, and it was observed that the color value of the gruel was high in its brightness, redness and yellowness when 50g(60%) of glutinous rice was added to it. The black sesame gruel was most preferred when 50g of non-glutinous rice was added. The redness value was high when 15g(18%) of non-glutinous rice flour was added. The yellowness value was high when 25g(30%) of non-glutinous rice flour was added. This observation showed significant differences in the viscosity, color, nutty taste, bitterness, appearance and overall preference. In particular, the black sesame gruel was most preferred when 50g of non-glutinous rice flour was added. The addition of 7g(9%) of salt to the black sesame gruel showed the highest brightness. The redness and yellowness was the highest when 5g(6%) of salt was added. This observation showed a significant difference in the viscosity, color, nutty taste, bitterness, appearance and overall preference. The highest preference was observed when 2.5g(3%) of salt was added. Adding more materials increased the viscosity of the black sesame gruel. With increasing temperature, the viscosity became lower, and vice versa. The intensity of sweetness and spreadability was found to be proportional to the amount of additive material. In conclusion, the optimum recipe for black sesame gruels was obtained 33g(40%) of black sesame, 50g(60%) of glutinous rice (flour), 2.5g of salt, and 500 ml of water.

MathML에 기반한 수학식 생성 웹사이트의 설계 및 구현

박정희,이미정 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2003 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.6 No.3

인터넷이 널리 보급되면서 웹을 이용한 이러닝 교육방법이 활성화되고 있다. 웹 기반 교육에 있어서 수학도 예외는 아니다. 그런데 수학식을 웹 마크업 언어 HTML의 이미지 태그를 이용하여 표현하면 구조적 특징을 가지는 수학식의 1)표현과 검색이 어렵게 되고, 수학 관련 어플리케이션에서의 재사용이 어렵게 된다는 문제가 발행한다. 그래서 본 논문은 MathML에 기반하고, ActiveX 컨트롤 기술을 이용한 수학식 생성 웹사이트를 설계하고 구현한다. 본 시스템은 ActiveX 컨트롤 기술을 이용하기 때문에 웹상에서 시공간 제약 없이 수학식 생성을 할 수 있고, 프로그램의 최신 버전 관리가 가능하다. 또한 본 시스템에서 생성한 수학식을 저장 가능하게 하여 차후에 재사용이 가능하도록 하였다. E-learning education methodology using the web has been as much activated with the introduction of the internet to our society. As for the web-based education, there is no exception in case of mathematics. However, when it comes to representing math equations by using HTML image tags, a type of web marked-up language, it can be hard to represent math equations that have structural features, and to do the search, resulting in the difficulty in reusing math related applications. Therefore, based on MathML and using ActiveX control technology, a math equation generating website was designed and implemented in this study. Since this system employed ActiveX control technology, it is possible to generate math equations without the limit of time and place on the web, and to manage the program with the most up-to-date version. And in this system, it is also possible to save the math equations generated in this system to be referred to for their reuse in the future.

혈당측정기 GlucoDr™ System의 평가

박철영,류미숙,우정택,김성운,김진우,김영설,안규정 대한당뇨병학회 2002 임상당뇨병 Vol.3 No.2

연구배경: 당뇨병 환자에서 엄격한 혈당조절은 환자의 예후와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 혈당조절을 철저히 하기 위해서는 자가 혈당 측정기의 사용이 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 또한 저혈당이 빈번하게 발생하거나, 위험요소가 있는 환자들에게도 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. 이에 저자들은 전기화학감지법의 원리를 이용하여 국내에서 처음 생산된 자가혈당측정기인 GlucoDr™ blood Glucose Testing System(ALL Medicus, Co, Korea)를 현재 국내에서 시판되고 있는 다른 제품과 비교, 평가하여 임상적 유용성을 살펴보고자 하였다 방법: 혈당측정기준장비는 YSI 2300 STAT Plus(YSI Incorporated, USA)를 사용하였으며 GlucoDr™외에 Glucocard(KDK, Japan), Precision QID(Abbott Laboratories, Co, USA), Glucotrend(Roche, USA), Surestep(Lifescan, USA)의 다른 혈당측정기를 같이 평가하였다. 정밀도, 직선성, 비교방법과의 상관관계 평가, 검체량에 따른 영향, 헤마토크리트에 따른 영향, 검사자에 따른 영향, 항응고제에 따른 영향들을 평가하였다. 결과: 본 연구에서의 주된 평가대상인 GlucoDr™의 평가결과, 정밀도를 나타내는 검사 내, 검사 간 변이계수는 8%이내였으며, 45~500mg/dL 범위에서 R²=0.9906, 0.9984 정도의 직선성을 나타내었다. 본 연구에 있어 비교방법으로 이용한 YSI 2300 STAT Plus와의 상관관계 및 정확도는 y = 1.0058x + 0.453, R = 0.9853인 것으로 나타났다. 검체량이나 검사자 및 항응고제에 따른 측정값에는 유의할만한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 헤마토크리트가 증가 또는 감소함에 따라 최소 10%에서 최대 26% 가량의 영향을 받는 것으로 관찰되었다. 결론: GlucoDrTM는 국내 사용되는 다른 혈당측정기와 비교하여 유용할 것으로 생각된다. Background: Self-monitoing blood glucose devices are sidely used in monitoring and point-of-care testing for the management of diabetic patients. We performed the present study to evaluate the performance of the GlucoDr™ blood glucose testing system using an electrochemical technique. Method: The GlucoDr™ was evaluated for linearity, precision, comparison of method, the effect of sample volume, hematocrit concentration, reapplication, operator and application methods. Results: The GlucoDr™ showed good linearity for glucose concentrations ranging from 52mg/dl to 475mg/dl(r²=0.971). The single day, and day-to-day, CV were within 8%. Excellent correlation was found between the GlucoDr™ and YSI 2300 STAT Plus(y=1.0058x + 0.453, r²=0.9710). The sample volume, reapplication, operator and application method produced no significant effect on the test result. An overestimation in the glucose values was found with low hematocrit concentrations. There was no significant effect by the anticoagulants, with the exception of citrate. Conclusion: The GlucoDr™ showed good linearity, precision and correlation with the reference method and provided rapid and reliable result for blood glucose levels. Therefore, the GlucoDr™ seems appropriate for clinical use in the management of diabetic patients.

이청준의 「당신들의 천국」에 부재한 유토피아

박미정 청람어문교육학회 2004 청람어문교육 Vol.28 No.-

이 글은 문학과 현실에 나타난 유토피아의 모습을 밝히고, 이청준의 대표적 장편소설인 <당신들의 천국>에 부재한 유토피아의 모습을 분석하여 이 소설이 유토피아를 지향하는 현대인에게 어떤 의미를 주는가를 말했다. 시대와 상황에 따라 문학과 현실에서 유토피아적 시공간은 다른 모습으로 나타났지만, 근본적으로 유토피아에 대한 사람들의 지향점은 일치한다. 특히 근대이후의 유토피아 개념은 현실 속에서 이루고자 하는 과학적 이성과 연결된다. 과학적 이성에 의한 유토피아의 건설이 실패함으로써 디스토피아 문학이 등장한다. 이청준의 대표적인 장편 소설인 <당신들의 천국>은 제목에서 드러나는 바와 같이 실현되지 못한 유토피아이다. 주인공인 조백헌 원장은 사회적 소수자를 위해 대규모의 간척공사를 시도하며, 나환자들이 행복하게 살 수 있는 터전을 만들고자 했다. 그것은 진정나환자들이 바라는 것이 아니었다. 그들에게 문제가 되는 것은 권력의 불평등과 소외였다. 이 글은 <당신들의 천국>을 유토피아의 물질적 조건, 유토피아와 권력, 유토피아와 소외의 관점에서 분석하여 정상인과 비정상인이 함께 이루어야 할 유토피아의 모습에 대해 고찰하였다. This thesis is focused on the appearance of Utopia in the reality and the literature, then analyze <Heaven of yours>, the long novel by Lee Cheong Jun, and show what this novel give some meaning to the reader. The appearance of Utopia in the reality and the literature is vary according to the age and situation, but it is the same to aim Utopia of the people. Especially on the modern times the meaning of Utopia was related with scientific reason. Making Utopia with scientific reason was failed and the Dystopia literature was appeared. <Heaven of yours> by Lee Cheong Jun expressed the failed Utopia like its title. The hero, Cho Bag Heon ,the director of hospital in sorog island, tried to make reclamation works for leprous patients. But it was not important to them. The serious problem of them was unfair and being keep a distance between leprous patients and heathy people. I analyzed <Heaven of yours> focused on the terms of Utopia, the power of Utopia and keeping a distance of Utopia. Then I wrote my consideration about the Utopia made together.

엔진의 토크 조절 능력과 니켈-티타늄 파일의 삭제 성향이 근관 성형에 미치는 영향

노형미,허복,김현철,박정길 大韓齒科保存學會 2005 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.30 No.6

이 연구의 목적은 니켈-니타늄 파일의 삭제 성향과 엔진의 토크 조절 능력이 근관 성형에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 레진 모형 40개를 사용하였으며, Hero Shaper^(®)와 Endo-Mate2^(®)을 이용한 HE군, Hero Shaper^(®)와 Tecnika^(®)를 이용한 HT군, Profile^(®)과 Endo-Mate2^(®)를 이용한 PE군, Profile^(®)과 Tecnika^(®)를 이용한 PT군으로 구분하여 근관성형 하였다. 각 군별 근관 성형 시간을 기록하였다. 근단공으로부터의 수직 이동 거리 1, 3 그리고 5 ㎜ 위치에서의 근관 삭제량, 중심이 동률을 산출하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. 근관 성형 시간은 HT군이 가장 빨랐다 (p < 0.05). 2. 삭제량은 1 ㎜ 지점에서 HE군이 PT군보다 컸고 (p < 0.05), 3 ㎜ 지점에서는 PT 군이 다른 군들보다 작았다 (p < 0.05). 5 ㎜에서는 PE군이 PT군보다 컸다 (p < 0.05). 3. 중심 이동률은 1㎜ 지점에서 HE군이 다른 군들보다 컸으며 (p < 0.05), 5 ㎜ 에서는 HT군이 PE군과 PT군보다 컸다 (p < 0.05). 따라서 토크 조절이 되는 엔진을 사용하는 것이 근관의 변위를 적게 유발하고 과도한 삭제량을 예방 할 수 있으며 근관 성형 시간도 단축 할 수 있는 것으로 보이며 따라서 양호한 근관 성형 결과에 영향을 준다고 볼 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability of two different Ni-Ti file systems and the two different engine systems in simulated canals. A total of four groups of each 10 were tested. Each group was instrumented with HeroShaper^(®) and Endo-Mate2^(®) (Group HE), HeroShaper^(®) and Tecnika^(®) (Group HT), ProFile^(®) and Endo-Mate2^(®) (Group PE), and ProFile^(®) and Tecnika^(®) (Group PT). Canal preparation time was recorded. The images of pre- and post- instrumented root canals were scanned and superimposed. The amounts of increased width and centering ratio were measured and calculated at apical 1, 3 and 5 ㎜ levels. These data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test The results of this study were as follows; 1. Canal preparation time of HT group was the shortest (p < 0.05). 2. The amount of increased canal width in HE group was significantly larger than PT group at apical 1 ㎜ level (p < 0.05). At apical 3 ㎜ level, PT group was significantly smaller than other groups (p < 0.05). At apical 5 ㎜ level, PE group was significantly larger than PT group (p < 0.05). 3. The amount of centering ratio in HE group was significantly larger than other groups (p < 0.05). At apical 5 ㎜ level, HT group was significantly larger than PE group and PT group (p < 0.05). Under the condition of this study, torque-controlled endodontic motor is safer than no torque controlled motor, especially when the active file is used.

OECD 주요국의 약제비 증가 억제방안 고찰

장선미,박정영,김성옥 서울대학교 보건대학원 2001 서울大學校 保健環境硏究所論叢 Vol.11 No.1

During last 30 years, most developed countries have been experienced rapid increase of pharmaceutical expenditures. In 1996, pharmaceutical expenditures represent 0.7-2.2% (Mean 1.2%) of GDP and 8-29% (Mean 15.4%) of National Health Expenditures in OECD countries. Thus most developed countries have developed and implemented various type of drug policies to contain expansion of pharmaceutical expenditures, because the pharmaceutical expenditures may be increased with growth of old population and become budgetary burden of NHS of NHI States. In this study, we introduced and reviewed various type of pharmaceutical policy of OECD countries to contain the pharmaceutical expenditure as follows. They are grouped as three different strategies by targets; physician, patient and health industry. First, we reviewed strategy to control physicians' prescribing behavior. These are 1. Budgeting constraints of prescribing (DRG, Pharmaceutical fixed budget), 2. Direct limitations of volume and expenditure, and 3. Guidelines for physicians, Benchmarking and feedback. Second, we reviewed strategy to control patient. These are 1. Co-payments and 2. Reference pricing. Third, we reviewed strategy to control Health Industry, These are 1. Price control (pricing), Reference pricing system, 2. Profit control, 3. Listing and delisting from reimbursement and 4. Fostering the use of generic drugs. The strategies to control physicians' prescribing may be effective if economic incentive or disincentive as well as information (lists or guidelines) is given to physicians. The strategies to control patients' should be accompanied with advance preparations such as considerations including health effect, equity, and quality (bio-equivalence). The impacts and considerations of these strategies which are implemented in OECD countries give us valuable lessons in developing policies to reduce pharmaceutical expenditure of Korea.

사회과 수행평가의 논리와 정착화 방안

김정호,박선미,이명희,강운선 한국사회과교육연구회 1999 사회과교육 Vol.- No.32

교육의 과정은 '교육과정 - 교과서 - 교수·학습 방법 - 평가'가 합목성에 따라 일관성을 유지하도록 진행되어야 하는데, 평가는 이 과정이 일관성을 유지할 수 있도록 하는 구실을 해야 한다. 평가 상황이 잘못되면 학습 방법도 왜곡되어 교육과정의 목표 자체가 제 구실을 하기 어렵다. 따라서, 사회과 평가는 사회과학적 탐구, 사회조사와 자료 분석 기능, 문제 상황의 해결 등 실제 학습 과정과 분리될 수 없다. 그러므로, 평가 체제 선택은 시행상의 효율성과 공정성보다도 평가 내용과 방법의 목표 적합성을 더 중요시해야 한다. 사회과 교육의 목표는 사회 현상(시간 - 공간 - 사회)에 대한 탐구 과정에서 이해한 체계적인 지식을 토대로 합리적인 문제 해결력을 지닌 민주 시민 양성에 있으므로, 수행평가는 이 목표에 가장 적합한 평가 방법이다. 사회과 수행평가를 시행하기 위해서는 교사가 시민교육이라는 목표가 맞는 학습 내용을 선정하고, 그에 따른 수업과 평가 계획을 세워서 교수·학습과정과 평가를 연계시켜야 한다. 이를 위한 이론적 기초를 사회과 교육의 전환 논리에서 찾을 수 있는데, 이는 불확정성의 존재론과 구성주의 인식론 및 다원적인 가치관에 터한 능동적 사회화라 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to develop theory and enforcement method of performance assessment in social studies. Examples developed are an inquiry process about the problems of urbanization, historical & soci-cultural newspaper making in high schools. Process of education must maintain consistence of 'curriculum - textbook - teaching learning method - evaluation'. There, goal - orientation is the best important factor more than efficiency and equity in evaluation. The goal of social studies is develop democratic citizenship through the study of political, economic, cultural, historical and geographical aspects of societies i n the past, present, and future for civics. But, social studies has long been devalued among students because of its failure to be relevant to their lives. The main reason is that contexts of textbooks as social science education arc absolute, difficult and separate, that teaching - learning process and evaluation are centered upon memorization of trivial facts and absolute concepts. Recently, social studies encompasses every aspect of human life to provide children a holistic view of people, places and situations. Therefore, social studies evaluation must be transfers from knowledge to how to know and what can doing about social life and social sciences. For example, the ability and process of rational decision making and problem solving as the goal of social studies and student-centered learning method must be evaluated. Performance assessments are most pertinent to the goal - oriented method in social studies evaluation.

열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

청소년 자녀와 어머니의 갈등과 해결방식에 관한 연구

김명자,이정우,계선자,박미석,박수선 숙명여자대학교 출판부 2002 生活科學硏究誌 Vol.17 No.-

This examines the overall traditional cultural aspect of the parent-child conflict, reciprocal action involved and copying of the conflict to understand how the parent and child each perceives these actions in an analytical perspective. The subject of this study was eight pairs of first or second year high school students and their mothers. At least three interviews were conducted on each student and mother pair using the qualitative study method. The results of this research can be summarized as follows. First, the different types of conflicts between mothers and their adolescent children can be classified as conflicts in academic achievement, territory of personal life, discrimination based on gender, and relationships with friends. Second, most adolescent children used avoidance to cope with conflict situations with their mothers. Others made deals to get what they wanted, or resolved conflicts through dialog, letters, and e-mail. Third, when faced dith a conflict with their adolescent children, most mothers used persuasion as or made the children to give up something in return for letting them have something they want. In other cases the father intervened. Though few in numbers, some mothers used letters or e-mail to resolve conflicts.