Reduction of Bacillus cereus Contamination in Biofilms on Stainless Steel Surfaces by Application of Sanitizers and Commercial Detergent

Lee, Min-Jeong,Ha, Ji-Hyoung,Kim, Yong-Su,Ryu, Jee-Hoon,Ha, Sang-Do The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.1

We established the effectiveness of a washing, detergent and sanitizer treatments for reducing Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) contamination in biofilms on stainless steel surfaces. A water treatment did not affect biofilms and chlorine treatments at 200 ppm for 10 min and 300 ppm for 5 min, iodophor at 200 ppm for 10 min, and QAC at 400 ppm for 10 min were used to eliminate all B. cereus cells. B. cereus cells after detergent treatment were eliminated by chlorine at 100 ppm for 10 min, 200 ppm for 5 min, and 300 ppm for 3 min, and with iodophor at 100 ppm for 10 min and 200 ppm for 10 min, and QAC at 400 ppm for 10 min.

성인에서 기관내삽관을 위한 Pipecuronium 일회 정주 적정 용량

최영석,윤석민,임상호,이미경,박영철,류태간 대한마취과학회 1997 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.33 No.3

Background : Studies in animals suggest that pipecuronium dose not induce hemodynamic chan-ges related to histamine release or to an effect on the autonomic nervous system. Therefore the effects of bolus administration of large doses of pipecuronium, up to 0.20 mg/kg, on the intubation condition, onset and duration of neuromuscular blockade, heart rate and blood pressure were studied during fentanyl- nitrous oxide anesthesia. Method : Forty adults were randomly assigned to receive a bolus injection of either 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 mg/kg of pipecuronium. Neuromuscular blockade was measured using mechanomyographic activity of the adductor pollicis muscle after supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve. Four subgroups of 10 patients received pipecuronium doses of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mg/kg, respectively, as an intubating dose. Results : The times of onset and clinical duration(mean sem) after each dose were as follows: 0.05 mg/kg, 2.98 0.42 and 41.5 2.42 min; 0.10 mg/kg, 1.54 0.06 and 82.9 7.48 min; 0.15 mg/kg, 1.41 0.14 and 124.8 13.1 min; 0.20 mg/kg, 1.12 0.05 and 187.1 12.8 min. The intubation condition, time of onset and duration after doses of 0.05 mg/kg were significantly different from values after the higer doses. The duration was increased with dose-increments. No dose-related changes in heart rate or blood pressure were observed. Conclusion : The authors conclude that dose of 0.10 mg/kg and over has good intubation condition clinically and large bolus dose of pipecuronium can be safely used with a significantly prolonged duration of action without hemodynamic change. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1997; 33: 453∼457)

상악골에 발생한 악성섬유성조직구종의 치험례

이상철,김여갑,류동목,이백수,윤옥병,신민철 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1998 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.20 No.1

한·미·일 삼국의 종교정책과 종교교육 비교

류성민 韓國宗敎敎育學會 2008 宗敎敎育學硏究 Vol.26 No.-

이 논문은 한·미·일 삼국의 종교교육이 각국의 종교정책과 관련이 있으며, 그 정책이 종교현실과 무관하지 않다는 논지에 따라 세 나라의 종교정책과 종교교육을 비교, 분석한 것이다. 한국은 기독교(개신교와 천주교)와 불교가 종교인구의 절대 다수를 점하고 있으며 종교정책도 이 두 종교를 중심으로 입안, 시행되고 있는 실정이다. 그리고 종교교육에서도 두 종교가 주류를 형성하고 있다. 미국은 기독교가 지배적인 종교상황이며, 주로 종파 혹은 교파간의 형평과 종교의 자유에 치중된 종교정책을 펴고 있으며, 그것도 관련 법령과 대법원 판례를 기준으로 시행되고 있다. 종교교육도 그러한 법적 판단에 의거하여 공교육과 사교육을 엄격히 구분한 다음 공교육에서의 특정 교파나 종파의 편중을 배제하고 종교의 자유를 보장하는데 치중하고 있다. 한편 일본은 신도와 불교가 대표적 종교이나 종교단체(주로 종교법인)를 기본으로 활동하며 종교정책도 종교법인법에 의한 종교단체의 관리와 감독에 치중되어 있다. 또한 종교교육도 관련 법령에 따라 사교육과 공교육의 분리를 근간으로 공교육에서의 특정종교에 대한 교육의 금지를 기초로 종교에 대한 교육의 중요성을 부각시키고 있는 현실이다. 따라서 세 국가는 정교의 분리와 종교의 자유, 특정 종교나 교파에 치중된 공교육에서의 교육 배제 등에서 공통점이 있다. 그러나 한국은 사교육와 공교육의 구분이 모호한 현실에서 종교교육의 문제점이 극명하게 드러나고 있으며, 미국은 공교육에서의 특정 종파나 교파에 편중된 종교교육의 범위와 한계 등에서 종교교육의 문제가 집중되어 있다. 한편 일본은 공교육에서 종교에 대한 교육의 필요성과 그에 따른 부작용이 교육계와 정계 모두에서 두루 관심을 갖는 문제가 되어 있다. 이와 같이 각 국가들에서 종교현실의 차이에 따라 종교정책의 강조가 다르며, 종교교육에서 야기되는 주요 문제들도 다르나, 세 국가에서 모두 종교에 대한 교육(종교학교육 혹은 종교문화교육, 종교교양교육)의 필요성에 대해 공감하고 있으며, 종교교육의 문제를 해결하기 위한 대안으로 그러한 교육이 적극 고려되고 있는 실정이다. This study puts its purpose on the comparative analysis to religious education and religious policy of Korea, the United Stace of America and Japan. And the basis of its analysis is the correlations of religious situation, religious policy and religious education, It is Prorestantism, Catholicism and Buddhism that are main religions and have the initiative in religious policy, and take the main current effects in religious education in Korea. In the United States of America, Christianity is a predominant religion, and religious policy is putted its stress on the freedom of religion and the equity among denominations and sects of Christianity. And religious education of U. S. A. also is concerned with the prohibition of doing good or bad to a specific denomination or sect through constitution and precedents of the Supreme Court. But the application of cases is limited to public schools. Shinto and Buddhism are representative religions in Japan, and their activities are carried out as juristic person. So the religious policy in Japan is adjusted the focus to a lot of religious juristic persons, and it is Law of religious corporation that take charge of and supervise them. Religious education for a particular religion is prohibited in public school in Japan. There is something in common with religious policy and religious education among three countries. They all emphasize the freedom of religion, the separation of government and religion, and the strictly prohibition of religious education for or against a specific religion or denomination in public schools. But there are some differences in their policies and educations with religions according to religious situations of three countries, It is a dim separation between public and private schools that is became a most critical problem of religious education in Korea. In U.S.A., the critical issues are concentrated into the limit and range of religious education in public schools. The necessity of religious education in public schools is current criticism in Japan. Such are the reasons of differences in religious policy. However the importance and necessity of education about religions are acknowledged and considered as an alternative measure for solving problems of religious education in three countries.

형광검출 역상 액체크로마토그래피에 의한 Histamine의 정량

유희춘,김형룡,김상현,김대기,이영미,김형민,안년형,신태용 우석대학교 의약품개발연구소 1996 藥學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

Histamine을 정확하고 신속하게 정량하기 위해 9.Fiuorenylmethyl chloroformate를 형광유도체화제로 하여 역상 HPLC법으로 정량하였다. 히스타민을 형광유도체화할 때 반응액의 pH, 반응시간, 형광유도체화제의 농도 등 최적 반응 조건을 검토하였다. 이 방법으로 히스타민을 분석한 결과 0.1~0.5ug/ml의 농도범위에서 상관계수가 0.922인 양호한 직선성을 나타내었으며 검출한계는 0.01??/ml였다. A rapid and simple method for the determination of histamine by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was established. 9-Fluorenylmethyl chloroformate(FMOC) was used as fluorescent derivative reagent. The optimum conditions for the derivatiation such as pH, reaction time and he concentration of FMOC were investigated. Linearity of calibration curve was obtained between 0.1ug/ml/and 0.5ug/ml(r=0.922) and the limit of detection was 0.01ug/ml.

함입된 상악 중절치의 외과적 재위치 후 예후

민성진,최형준,류정아,김성오,이제호,최병재,손흥규 대한소아치과학회 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

용존산소농도 예측을 위한 추계학적 다중 입력모형

류병로,한양수,두민호,조성근 大田産業大學校 1998 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.15 No.1

In the most cases we analyze a single time series without explicitly using information contained in the related time series In many forecasting situations, other events will systematically influence the series to be forecasted(the dependent variables), and therefore, there is need to go beyond a univariate forecasting model. Thus, we must build a forecasting model that incorporates more than one time series and introduces explicitly the dynamic characteristics of the system. Such a model in called a multiple time series model or transfer function model. The purpose of this study is to develop the stochastic stream water quality model of Puyea station in Keum river system. The performance of the multiplicative ARIMA model and the multiple input-single output transfer function model were examined through comparisons between the historical and generated monthly dissolved oxygen series. The result reveal that the multiple input-single output model lead to teh improved accuracy.

담도 및 췌장 악성종양에서의 CAl9-9의 진단적 가치에 대한 평가

명승재,최승목,김은옥,최호순,이성구,김명환,민영일,류진숙 大韓消化器病學會 1995 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

한국인 알코올의존환자에서의 제1형 부신피질자극 호르몬 분비 촉진 호르몬수용체의 유전자 다형성에 관한 연구

김철민,김성곤,김지훈,김현경,김미경,유정현,민은정 대한생물치료정신의학회 2011 생물치료정신의학 Vol.17 No.2

스트레스 반응에 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 CRHR1 유전자 SNP와 알코올 의존과의 연관성에 관한 선행 연구들이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 백인을 대상으로 조사했던 기존연구와는 달리 한국인 남녀를 대상으로 하여 알코올 의존군과 정상 대조군의 CRHR1 유전자형 빈도 및 대립유전자형 빈도를 비교하였다. 본 연구의 연구대상자들은 알코올 의존군 268명(남자 218명, 여자 50명)과 정상 대조군 137명(남자 78명, 여자 59명)이었다. CRHR1 유전자 SNP를 SNP database와 선행연구를 근거로 선정한 후, 연구 대상자들의 이러한 SNP 유전자형을 PCRRFLP방법으로 조사하였다. 그 결과, 한국인의 CRHR1 유전자 SNPs로 7개(rs242938, rs404623, rs28364027, rs16940686, rs937, rs878886, rs878887)가 분석되었다. 이중 rs28364027의 A 대립 유전자의 빈도는 남녀 각각에서 알코올 의존군이 대조군보다 유의하게 높았다. 그리고 rs28364027의 AA 유전자형 및 A 대립 유전자와 rs878886의 CC유전자형 및 C 대립유전자의 빈도는 알코올 의존군내에서 여성이 남성보다 유의하게 높았다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 보면 CRHR1 유전자 SNP가 알코올 의존의 유전적 원인의 중요한 요인일 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 또 이러한 CRHR1 유전자 SNP가 알코올 의존의 유전적 원인에서 남녀간 차이를 설명할 수 있을 가능성도 시사하고 있다. Objectives:There were several preceding studies investigating the association between alcohol dependence and corticotropine releasing hormone receptor1(CRHR1) gene SNPs that play an important role in response to stress. The frequencies of CRHR1 genotypes and alleles were compared between alcohol-dependent patients and normal control subjects. Methods:The subjects were 268 alcohol-dependent patients(218 males, 50 females) and 137 normal controls(78 male, 59 female). CRHR1 gene SNPs were investigated according to the SNP database and the results from previous studies, and their genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP). Results:Seven CRHR1 gene SNPs(rs242938, rs404623, rs28364027, rs16940686, rs937, rs878886, rs878887) were found in Korean subjects. The frequency of rs28364027 A allele was significantly higher in alcohol-dependent patients than normal controls in both genders. In alcohol-dependent patients, the frequencies of AA genotype and A allele of rs28364027, and of CC genotype and C allele of rs878886 were higher in female than male. Conclusion:These results suggest that CRHR1 gene SNP is one of the important genetic factors in the etiology of alcohol dependence. And also it is supposed that the different frequency of SNP genotype could explain stress-related gender difference in the genetic etiology of alcohol dependence.

전자식 신용장에 관한 연구

류해민,김상호 釜山外國語大學校 1997 外大論叢 Vol.17 No.1

The commercial world has long relied on paper documents to record transactions, memorialize agreements, and control the flow of goods and services. In particular, letter of credit transactions have traditionally been awash in paper documents. As the use of EDI in commercial sales and purchase transaction is increasing rapidly, there is a great deal of to be filled in, both banking practices and the future direction of documentary credits. Therefor a number of ongoing legal reform efforts are creating opportunities for changes in legal standards governing electronic documentary credits. UCC Article 5 and UCP 400 were revised and the UNCITAL is working on a possible international convention or model national law on letters of credit and bank guaranties. However, the legal community is scrambling to keep up with developing commercial practices. The EDI transactions is now a beginning but will change the commercial and letter of credit transactions and be developed greatly. Therefore the legal basement should be ready on electronic transaction as soon as possible.