Carnosine Promotes Exhaustive Swimming Capacity in Mice

Jong-Soo Kim, Ki Nam Lee, Jin-Joo Hue, Jun-Hyeong Kim, Bong Soo Kang, Sang Yoon Nam, Young Won Yun, Jae-Hwang Jeong2, Beom Jun Lee 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2011 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.12 No.1

To investigate the effect of carnosine on exhaustive exercise, swimming tests were conducted weekly with loads corresponding to 5% of body weight attached to the tails of mice, and the swimming time to exhaustion was measured. Eighty male ICR mice were divided into four groups, to which carnosine was administered at doses of 0 (control), 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg/day, respectively, for a period of four weeks. At the end of swimming exercise challenges, serum biochemistry, oxidative stress enzyme activity, and antioxidant enzyme activity in tissues were determined. Treatment with 250 mg/kg carnosine resulted in a significant increase in swimming times to exhaustion, compared to the control group in the first (P<0.01) and third week (P<0.05). Significantly lower serum lactate levels were observed after the swimming exercise in the carnosine-treated groups (10 and 250 mg/kg), compared with the control (P<0.01). Malondialdehyde levels in the liver (10 and 50 mg/kg carnosine treated groups) and skeletal muscle (250 mg/kg carnosine treated group) were significantly lower, compared with the control (P<0.05). Significantly lower protein carbonyl levels in skeletal muscle were observed in the 50 and 250 mg/kg carnosine treated groups, compared with the control (P<0.01). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in skeletal muscle did not differ significantly among the groups. These results indicate that carnosine may improve swimming exercise capacity by attenuating production of lactate and reducing oxidative stress in mice.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

주요 우울장애에서 Cytotoxic T Lynphocyte Antigen(CTLA-4) 유전자의 다형성

전태연,배치운,김병균,채정호,박원명,김광수,유태열,한훈 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.5

연구목적 : 세포의 면역 기능 조절에 관여하는 CTLA-4의 유전자 다형성을 분석하여 주요 우울장애와의 면역 유전학적 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : DSM-Ⅳ진단 기준에 따라 주요 우울장애로 진단된 환자 77명을 선정하였으며 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 조혈모세포은행에서 보유하고 있는 149명의 정상 한국인 자료를 대조군으로 사용하였다. 전혈에서 DNA를 추출하였으며 중합효소반응으로 CTLA-4유전자 exon 1 부위를 증폭한 후 SSCP방법으로 유전?? 형별 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대조군과 주요 우울장애 환자군 사이의 CTLA-4 유전자형과 대립유전자의 발현 빈도를 비교시 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과 exon 1 CTLA-4 유전자형 및 대립유전자의 발현빈도는 주요 우울장애 환자군과 정상 대조군 사이에 차이가 없어, exon 1 영역은 후보 유전자로서의 가능성이 없었다. 향후 연구에서는 다양한 변인들에 따라 대상군을 임상적으로 동질성을 지닌 집단으로 세분하여 조사대상 유전자와의 관련성에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 하겠다. Objectives : This study was carried out to explore the relationship between major depressive disorder and CTLA-4 which is related to the immunologic function such as T cell regulation. Methods : Among the korean patients diagnosed as major depressive disorder according to DSM-Ⅳ, 77 patients without neurological illness, hormonal disorder, or comorbid mental illness were selected. The stored data of 149 normal Koreans from the Catholic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Bank of Korea, were used as a normal control group. The data of Korean control group were compared with those of the studies of different ethnics. DNA was extracted from whole blood and the exon I region of CTLA-4 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Gene typing was performed by using SSCP and then, the results were assessed. Results : There were no significant differences in genotype frquencies of CTLA-4*G/G, CTLA-4*G/A, and CTLA-4*A/A between the patients with major depressive disorder and the control group in Korean population(48.1% vs 46.3%, 41.6% vs 39.6%, 10.3% vs 14.1%, respectively).There were no significant differences in allelic frequencies of CTLA-4*G and CTLA-4*A between the patients with major depressive disorder and the control group in Korean population(68.8% vs 66.1%, 31.2% vs 33.9%, respectively). Conclusion : Considering negative result for the association of the exon I polymorphism of CTLA-4 gene with major depressive disorder in this study, the exon I polymorphism does not appear to be possible candidate gene for major depressive disorder. Moreover, further systematic researches including diverse clinical variables would required.

국가수준 학교평가제도의 법적 근거 및 정당성 고찰

鄭秀炫,黃浚盛 대한교육법학회 2002 敎育 法學 硏究 Vol.14 No.2

In the new society of 21st century, creativity should be emphasized in education. And autonomy and diversity are significantly important to cultivate creativity. In this respect, autonomy of the school and school-based management are very crucial in improving the quality of education. However, such autonomy requires accountability, and a schools accountability should be evaluated to improve the school system. Many countries are making diverse efforts to evaluate the quality of educational institutes and schools. School evaluation can be defined as a process in which activities being performed at a school site are examined and professional advices and support are provided. Therefore, school evaluation should redefine its objectives as enlargement of autonomy of a school, enhancement of excellence in education, improvement of efficiency in management, and greater accountability of schools. The purpose of this study is to present the legal basis and validity of school evaluation at a national level under modern public educational system and educational law. In the study, first of all, meaning and background of school evaluation at national level are investigated. In the second, the legal basis of school evaluation at a national level is analyzed, which is prescribed in The Elementary and Secondary Education Law(§9) and ordinance concerned. In the third, the relationship between citizens' educational right and nation's right of evaluation of each school is studies. The study concludes that school evaluation at a national level enhance the people's right to receive education, notwithstanding the possibility of dispute among individuals concerned with public educational system.

신성고혈압쥐에서 혈관내피층이 Phorbol Ester에 의한 수축에 미치는 영향

정수아,김형,차경훈,전제열,윤평진,염철호,박진,조남수,홍순표 대한순환기학회 2003 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.33 No.11

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA 분석을 통한 Methicillin 내성 황색포도구균의 분자역학적 조사

전희재,김정만,우종수 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.1

목적 : 본 연구는 중환자실 환자 및 의료종사자에서 검출된 MRSA의 역학조사에 신속하고 간편한 방법인 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)의 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 1998년 10월부터 12월 및 2001년 5월부터 7월까지 동아대학교병원 중환자실 입원 환자 및 의료종사자의 검체 각각 10, 15예 및 8, 5예를 대상으로 mecA gene의 유무와 항균제 감수성 검사를 실시하고, 3가지 primer를 이용하여 RAPD를 시행하였다. 결과 : 환자에서 분리된 MRSA 25주 중 21주(84%)와 의료진에서 분리된 13주 중 12주(92%)가 mecA 양성이었고, mecA 양성 MRSA를 RAPD로 분석한 결과 모두 18가지 유형으로 분류되었다. 결론 : RAPD 방법을 이용한 유전자 형별 분석은 MRSA의 균주 분별에 유용하며, 또한 중환자실에서 유행 발생한 MRSA의 신속한 역학조사에 유용할 것으로 생각한다. Background : The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was investigated to see if this method could be a useful tool for monitoring of epidemic outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among patients and healthcare workers (HCW) in the intensive care units (ICU). Methods : Thirty-eight MRSA strains were isolated from patients and HCW in Dong-A University Hospital ICU from October, 1998 to December, 1998 (10 patients and 8 HCW) and May, 2001 to July, 2001 (15 patients and 5 HCW). All strains were typed according to antimicrobial susceptibility and RAPD analysis patterns. mecA genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results : Twenty one of 25 (84%) and 12 of 13 (92%) MRSA, isolated from patients and HCW, respectively, were mecA positive. mecA positive MRSA were classified into 18 different types by RAPD analysis. Conclusion : DNA fingerprinting using RAPD analysis is a simple, effective, and rapid method for discriminating MRSA strains, and may be applicable in detecting outbreaks of S. aureus infections in the ICU.

HPLC를 이용한 Alnus속 식물에서의 diarylheptanoids의 정량분석

정동욱,김준식,조수민,이연아,김광호,김세원,이민원 중앙대학교 약학연구소 1999 약학 논총 Vol.13 No.-

Quantitative determination of diarylheptanoids (oregonin and hirsutanonol), which were characteristic components of Alnus spp. has been conducted by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The HPLC analysis was carried out using an YMC J'sphere ODS-H80 column [150×4.6mm, S-4μm. 80A(particle)] and a combination of acetonitrile and H2O was used as mobile phase in gradient solvent system. The results showed differnce in the species (Alnus japonica, A hirsuta and A. hirsuta var. sibirica)

국내에서 분리된 Aujeszky's Disease Virus의 면역원성 : Ⅰ. Aluminum Hydroxide겔 흡착 불활화 Aujeszky's Disease Virus항원의 면역원성 Ⅰ. Immunogenicity of the Inactivated Aujeszky's Disease Virus with Aluminum Hydroxide Gel Adjuvant

전무형,이헌준,박정우,안수환 충남대학교부설 생명공학연구소 1992 생물공학연구지 Vol.2 No.-

Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV), NYJ-1 strain, isolated from the diseased piglets in Korea was inactivated with binary ethyleneimine or formalin and absorbed in aluminum hydroxide gel. Safety and humoral and cellular immunogenicity of the antigens were investigated in mouse, guinea pig and piglets. In mouse inoculation test, the antigens showed 100% of safety and induced a significant level of ADV antibody. The protective potency following intracerebral challenge with the virulent ADV at 10^7.5TCID_50/0.2㎖ were 60% to 64.3%. In guinea pig inoculation test, it was found that the antigens were quite safe, inducing 63.2 to 124.9 of virus neutralization(VN) titers at the 5th week post inoculation(pi). The protectivity of the antigens against the challenge of the virulent ADV were 62.5% to 75.0%. In piglet inoculation test, the antigens were quite safe after the primary and booster injections, and induced 28.7 to 39.1 of VN titers at the 5th week pi. The high levels of ADV antibodies were also recognized by agar gel precipitation test, latex agglutination test and immunoenzyme assays. Leucocyte adherence inhibition(LAI) test for the piglets revealed 22.3±3.8% to 32.8±6.9% of LAI index at the 4th week pi, and the evident reactions of delayed type hypersensitivity was observed in subcutaneous inoculation of the antigen to the immunized piglets. Following the challenge, the immunized piglets showed none of specific clinical signs of AD and revealed the higher gain of body weight, and the lower secretion of ADV from the nasal cavity as compared with the control group.

형질전환 제초제저항성 벼 밀양 204호의 농업적 특성

정응기,이기환,원용재,박향미,전남수,최준호,구연충,한창덕,은무영,김태산,남민희 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2005 No.

This study was conducted to investigated the major characteristics of genetically modified rice of "Milyang 204" originated from Dongjinbyeo compared to a non-transgenic rice varieties Dongjinbyeo and Junambyeo. Basta resistant transgenic rice lines carrying bar gene produced by the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute were evaluated for their agronomic characters. The transgenic Japonica rice of "Milyang 204" showed inferior phenotypic traits compared to a non-transgenic rice variety Dongjinbyeo and Junambyeo. On the basis of UPOV (Union Internationale Pour la Protaection des Obtentions Vegetables) and NSMO(National Seed Management Office) the transgenic "Milyang 204" showed difference in some traits out of some agronomic traits, such as leaf color, angle of flag leaf, number of spikelets, culm length, white core and white belly compared to the nontransgenic varieties rice.

표면중합을 이용한 초발수 복합입자의 제조 및 표면특성 : 중합시간의 영향 The Effect of Polymerization Time

범정철,하종욱,박인준,김정훈,이수복,ShiYuan, Cheng 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2

This study investigates the preparation of poly(perfluoroalkyl acrylate)[PTA]/silica composite particles by surface polymerization and their characteristics according to surface polymerization time. The particles were prepared by "grafting-from" technique by immobilizing self-assembled initiator and surface radical polymerization from silica particle surface. Characterization was done by contact angle and sliding angle measurements, surface roughness measurement and surface free energy estimation Contact angle were inversely proportion to sliding angle. Graft density(GD) and contact angle of composites increased according to polymerization time. On the other hand, surface free energy and sliding angle were decreased according to increment of polymerization time.