췌장암에서 Cyclooxygenase - 2 발현의 역할

김은경,이용욱,이규택,최규완,박동일,백승운,이준행,이종균,고광철,이풍렬,이종철,김재준,김완선,공구 대한소화기학회 2001 대한소화기학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Background/Aims: Accumulating evidence suggests that the use of NSAID may reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer. The likely mechanisms of these effects by NSAID is cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-related inhibition of tumor proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The aim of our study was to examine possible roles and clinical significance of COX-2 expression in pancreatic cancer. Methods: Seventy-two pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue specimens were obtained from surgical resection. After the immunohistochemical staining of the specimens, we examined proliferation activity (assayed by Ki-67 expression), apoptosis (by TUNEL stain), and microvessel density (by CD34 expression). We also investigated the relationship between the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 and various clinicopathological characteristics. Results: The COX-2 positive rate in pancreatic epithelial cells was 41.7%. Proliferation index (PI) was significant higher in COX-2 positive specimens comparing to negative specimen (p=0.015) and the increase in intensity of COX-2 expression correlated with increasing PI (p=0.036). Apoptotic index (AI) was significantly higher in positivee COX-2 expression than in negative expression (p=0.044), but there was no significant difference in AI/PI between the COX-2 positive and negative specimens (p=0.44). The expression of COX-2 protein did not correlate with microvessel density, sex, age, differentiation, tumor size, stage, metastasis or patients survival. Conclusions: The expression of COX-2 enzyme in pancreatic cancer contributes to tumor proliferation, but is not related to apoptosis, angiogenesis or clinical characteristics. Further study is needed to examine the clinical usefulness of NSAID and COX-2 selective inhibitors.

니세틸 정(아세틸 - 엘 - 카르니틴 500mg)에 대한 뉴로세틸 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,오인준,이용복,임동구,문재동,심영순,김은아,정현철 한국약제학회 2001 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.31 No.1

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), an endogenous component of the L-carnitine family, is naturally occurring molecule synthesized from L-carnitine (LC) by carnitine acetyl transferase. ALC has been shown to improve the cognitive performance of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type and proposed for treating Alzheimer's disease in pharmacological doses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ALC tablets, Nicetile^(TM) (Dong-A pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Neurocetil^(TM) (Kyung-Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration. Twenty six normal male volunteers, 22.80±2.76 year in age and 63.07±7.98 ㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2 × 2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 500 ㎎ of ALC was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ALC in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Because of the presence of endogenous ALC, the calibration was performed using dialyzed serum. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_(max) and T_(max) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_(max) and T_(max) between two tablets were 2.72%, -0.65% and -8.42%, respectively, when calculated against the Nicetile^(TM) tablet. The powers (1-β) for AUC_t and C_(max) were 94.87% and 87.17%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (△) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 15.58% and 19.16% AUC_t and C_(max), respectively). The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -11.84∼6.41 and -10.57∼11.88 for AUC_t and C_(max), respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Neurocetil^(TM) tablet is bioequivalent to Nicetile^(TM) tablet.

Dieulafoy 양 병변에 의한 십이지장게실 출혈 1 예

김상현,김경환,이동현,송철수,정노원,박상제,김은규,하홍성,나일환,황윤이,성은영,최익수,신영기 대한소화기내시경학회 2001 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.23 No.1

Duodenal diverticula are first reported by Chomel in 1710. Duodenal diverticula are relatively common in adults with a prevalence of 23% in SRCP. The most duodenal diverticulum is asymptomatic. Complications such as obstruction, cholangitis, blliary stones, ulceration, perforation and hemorrhage can occur in approximately 10%. However, relatively few cases of bleeding from a duodenal diverticulum have been reported. The cause of bleeding from a duodenal diverticulum is uncertain and various suspected etiologies were suggested, such as ectopic gastric mucosa, stasis-induced ulceration, erosion into major vessels, aortoenteric fistuias, intradiverticujar polyp, aspirin-induced erosion. We report a case of a bleeding duodenal diverticulum by a Dieulafoy-like lesion and suggest this 1esion as one of posslble causes of blee4ng in duodenal diverticulum.

활동성 크론병에서 초기 스테로이드 치료 반응에 따른 임상적, 생화학적, 병리학적 인자들에 관한 연구

김영호,장재권,김지은,최규완,박동일,도재혁,백승운,고광철,이풍렬,이종철,현재근,안병훈,김재준,류민규 대한소화기내시경학회 2001 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.22 No.6

Background/Aims: The predictory factors of the response to initial steroid therapy in active Crohn's disease has been controversial in numerous literature reviews. We evaluated any predictory faetor of the response to initial steroid therapy in active Crohn`s disease patients, Methods: The medical records of 32 patients with active Crohn`s disease who clinically responded to oral steroid therapy were retrospectively reviewed. The steroid responsive group was defined as the one showing maintenance of response for more than one month from steroid withdrawal and the steroid dependent group as the one showing relapse or exacerbation during steroid tapering or within 30 days from steroid withdrawal. The clinical, biochemical, and pathologic factors were evaluated. Results: There were 22 male and 10 female patients. The mean age was 28.9 years. The number of steroid responsive and dependent group was 22 (68.8%) and 10 (31.2%), respectively. There were no significant differences between these two groups in age, sex, time to diagnosis, perianal lesion, extent of disease, extraintestinal manifestations, presence of granuloma, presenting features, hemoglobin, ESR, and CRP, except serum albumin level. Conclusions: Serum albumin level was significantly lower in steroid dependent group than steroid responsive group, reflecting severe inflammation in steroid dependent group.

신장이식에 대한 마취경험

김종래,박광원,문영삼,정인석,손영은 대한마취과학회 1982 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.15 No.1

김정일 사후 북한소설에 나타난 ‘통치와 안전’의 작동

오창은(Oh, Chang Eun) 건국대학교 인문학연구원 2014 통일인문학 Vol.57 No.-

급격한 정치적 변화에 주목하면, 특정 공동체의 성격이 드러난다. 북한 사회는 2011년 12월 17일에 김정일 사망이라는 전환기적 사건을 겪었다. 김정일의 갑작스런 사망에 대한 기존의 북한문학 연구는 새로운 지도자인 김정은 시대의 도래에 초점을 맞춰졌다. 하지만, 이 연구는 북한 체제가 ‘통치와 안전’의 작동을 통해 ‘정상성’으로 나아가는 양상을 살핀다. 구체적으로는 김정일 사후 북한 소설이 ‘정치지도자의 사망’을 ‘기억과 재현의 정치’라는 측면에서 다루고 있다는 사실에 주목했다. 이를 통해 북한의 ‘통치와 안전’의 메커니즘을 분석했다. 김정일 사후 북한 소설에는 ‘불안과 안전’이 공존한다. 김하늘의 ?영원한 품?은 김정일에 대한 애도의 감정을 ‘불안과 안전’의 긴장을 통해 표현했다. 그러면서, 체제의 안전을 위해 인민의 애도 감정을 생산의 에너지로 전환해야 한다는 ‘통치성’이 발현되기에 인상적이다. 최종하의 「깊은 뿌리」와 김금옥의 「꽃향기」, 그리고 석남진의 「사진에 깃든 이야기」 등도 김정일에 대한 기억과 재현이라는 측면에서 주목할 만하다. 김정일 사후 북한소설은 ‘불안과 안전’을 병치시킴으로써, 혁명의 일상화를 기획하고 있다. 새로 등장한 김정은 체제도 단지 김일성과 김정일에 이은 유사 수령의 탄생이 아니라, 체제의 안전을 위한 인민통치의 안정화로 볼 수 있다. 북한소설에는 인민의 자발성에 기반한 헌신성을 강조하고, 혁명을 계승을 위한 인민의 자주성을 동원하는 양상을 띠고 있다. ‘선군정치’라는 상징적 성과를 전면화하면서도, 내부적으로 ‘경공업’과 ‘인민생활 향상’에 역량을 집중하고 있는 것도 비슷한 맥락에서 이해가 가능하다. 김정일이 ‘고난의 행군’으로 인해 피폐해진 인민경제를 복원하고, 김일성의 업적을 복원하는 것을 과제로 삼았다면, 김정은은 체제의 안전을 우선시하는 방향으로 통치성을 발현할 가능성이 높다. 김정은 체제는 수령의 압도적 카리스마에 기반한 통치이기보다는 국가의 운명에 자신을 동일시하는 광범위한 인민들의 자발성에 의해 작동하는 통치로 전망할 수 있다. 따라서, 김정은이라는 정치 지도자의 ‘자기통치’에 주목함으로써, 북한 체제의 ‘통치와 안전’의 지속 가능성을 주시할 필요가 있다. If we pay attention to a sudden political change, the characteristics of a particular community are revealed. With regard to the changes of the North Korean society, we need to take notice of the death of Kim Jeong Il occurred on December 17, 2011. It is interesting to note the actions of the North Korean system to cope with the sudden death of Kim Jeong Il. While the existing researches were conducted focusing on the arrival of a new leader, Kim Jeong Eun, this research examines the aspects of the North Korean system returning to ‘normality’ through the operation of ‘rule and security.’ In particular, this research examined the fact that North Korean novels after the death of Kim Jeong Il deal with ‘the death of a political leader’ from the aspect of ‘politics of memory and reproduction.’ Through this, the antagonistic relationship between the North Korean people’s self-mobilization aspect and the rule was analyzed. In the North Korean novels after the death of Kim Jeong Il, uneasy consciousness is revealed everywhere. Kim Ha Neul’s Eternal Bosom, which describes the mourning for Kim Jeong Il with a sense of uneasiness and at the same time as the energy to convert it into the security of the state, is impressive. Choi Jong Ha’s Deep Roots, Kim Keum Ok’s Fragrance of Flowers, and Seo Nam Jin’s Stories in the Photograph are all noteworthy from the aspect of memory and reproduction. North Korean novels after the death of Kim Jeong Il are planning to institutionalize revolution by juxtaposing mourning and daily life. The new Kim Jeong Eun system can be viewed as not just another similar leader subsequent to Kim Il Sung and Kim Jeong Il but as the stabilization of the rule of the people for the security of the present system. North Korean novels emphasize the voluntary dedication of the people and the mobilization of the people’s autonomy. Concentrating on ‘light industry’ and ‘improvement of life of the people’ internally while claiming to advocate the symbolic outcomes of ‘military first’ policy also can be understood in the similar context. While Kim Jeong Il restored the people’s economy impoverished by ‘March of Hardship’, Kim Jeong Eun is most likely to give priority to social security through the sovereignty of the state system. It is expected that Kim Jeong Eun’s rule will be the rule operated by the broad spontaneity of the people who identify themselves with the destiny of the nation, rather than the rule based on the leader’s overwhelming charisma. Accordingly, the sustainability of ‘rule and security’ of the North Korean system needs to be explored by paying attention to the ‘self-rule’ of the political leader, Kim Jeong Eun.

Integrated Waste Collection And Treatment System In The Housing Complex

Kim, Eun-Young(김은영),Kim, Jung-Bin(김정빈) 한국도시설계학회 2013 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.14 No.3

한국은 도시에 집중된 인구로 인해 발생한 대량의 생활폐기물을 처리하기 위해 대규모 주거단지 내에 자동집하시설을 기반으로 한 자원회수시설을 적용 확대하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 새로운 폐기물 시설이 지속가능한 환경 인프라로써 국내에 정착 가능성을 측정하고자 한다. 객관적으로 유효한 분석 결과를 위해 국내의 은평 뉴타운과 성공적인 사례로 알려져 있는 하마비 허스타드를 비교한다. 구체적인 비교의 틀로서 지속가능성을 평가하는 캠벨의 ‘계획가의 삼각형’ 이론을 차용한다. 삼각형을 구성하는 세 가지 요소인 환경, 사회, 경제적 기준으로 개발실행 결과 보고서와 전문가 인터뷰를 참고하여 연구한다. 결론적으로 비교연구를 통해 첫째, 환경부문에서는 자원회수시설의 다양성 추구를 통해 폐기물 절감과 에너지 창출의 이중혜택을 극대화할 수 있다. 둘째, 경제부문에서 젒분한 재원조달을 위해 다양한 재정지원 프로그램의 중요성을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 사회부문은 예산집행과 혜택분배 등 경제부분과 상젒되어 갈등 발생의 가능성이 있다. 따라서 관련 이익관계들의 교류를 적극적으로 장려하고 투명한 예산집행이 원활하고 지속가능한 폐기물 시설 개발을 위한 개선방안이 될 수 있다는 것을 사례비교를 통해 유추할 수 있다. In Korea, application of resource recovery facilities utilizing automatic collection system is expanding to address the concentrated occurrences of household wastes in apartments. This study aims to assess the feasibility of a new waste system adopted into the cities of Korea as sustainable eco-infrastructure. In order to analyze the objective results, a domestic case of Eun-Pyoung New Town and a successful case of Hammarby Sjostad were compared. For analytical framework, we followed ‘Planner’s Triangle’ presented by Campbell to evaluate the sustainability of this system. The ‘triangle’ consists of three components: environmental, societal and economic criteria. We reviewed development result reports and expert interviews based on the three criteria. The results were as follows. First, environmentally, the diverse resource recovery facilities maximize dual benefits of reducing wastes and producing energy. Second, economically, the importance of various financial assistance programs becomes apparent. Third, societally, conflicts may result from contradicting interests such as budget execution and profit distribution. These results implied that communication among interests and transparency of budget execution are key for improvement methods to be sustainable waste system.

김정은 시기 북중관계: 지속과 변화의 동학 -주북한 중국대사관 홈페이지 내용분석을 통해서-

홍은정 ( Hong Eun Jung ) 아시아문화학술원 2018 인문사회 21 Vol.9 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 주북한 중국대사관 홈페이지의 내용분석을 통해 김정은 시기(2012∼2017) 북중관계의 지속과 변화의 동학을 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 김정은 시기 북중 양국관계는 자국의 국익에 기반하여 협력과 갈등의 전략적 이해관계를 이어오고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 기존 연구에서 활용되지 않은 주북한 중국대사관 홈페이지 내용을 주된 자료로 삼아 이를 분석함으로써 김정은 시기의 북중관계의 맥락과 그 특징을 이해하는데 있어 학술적 의의를 갖는다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of the continuity and change of relations between North Korea and China in Kim Jung-Eun times (2012∼2017) through analyzing the contents of the homepage of the Embassy of peoples republic of China in the democratic peoples republic of Korea. Through this study, it can be seen that the relationship between North Korea and China in Kim Jung Eun's time is continued its strategic interest in cooperation and conflict based on their own national interests. This study has a great academic significance in understanding the context and characteristics of North Korea and China relations in the Kim Jung-Eun period by analyzing the contents of the website of the Embassy of peoples republic of China in the democratic peoples republic of Korea, which has not been utilized in previous studies.

만요(漫謠)의 선행연구와 특징

전은진(Eun-jin, Jeon) 한국문화융합학회 2021 문화와 융합 Vol.43 No.5

This paper supplements and modifies the conceptual characteristics of previous research on Manyo in “A Study on the Musical Characteristics and Reinterpreted Works of Manyo during the Japanese Colonial Period. Manyo’s previous research began when Kim Chang-nam and Cho Dong-il, and Zhang Eu-jeong started full-scale research. Through his doctoral thesis, several books, and academic papers, he focused on the appearance of the 1930s, the characteristics of lyrics, and the status of Manyo. Later, Lee Dong-soon and Park Ae-kyung focused on the appearance and lyrics of the time, while Lee Eun-jin, Lee So-young, and Jeon Eun-jin also studied the musical characteristics along with the lyrics. Since 2017, we have identified recent Manyo . For the conceptual characteristics of Manyo, the concepts were divided into the definition of Manyo, the etymology of Manyo, and the transition of Manyo and the concepts were then organized through previousresearch and basic historical data. With the missing parts and additional data from the existing study, we were able to reorganize the previous research and conceptual features of Manyo.

뷰티요가(Beauty Yoga)가 피부미용에 미치는 영향 연구

손은선(Eun Sun Son) 한국뷰티산업학회 2019 뷰티산업연구 Vol.13 No.1

본 논문은 뷰티요가(Beauty Yoga)를 통해 피부미용 자아실현으로 가는 방편과, 인간의 건강, 신체적, 심리적, 사회적, 정신적 가치를 증폭시키는데 기여할 수 있는 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 뷰티요가(Beauty Yoga)는 인체를 건강하고 아름답게 관리하는 자연 철학으로, 인간의 몸과 마음을 닦는 체계적이고 자연적인 동작, 호흡, 명상을 통한 심신수행 체계를 말하며(손은선·윤천성, 2011) 육체적인 건강뿐 아니라 기질을 개선하며 소극적인 성질을 적극적인 성질로 바꾸는 동시에 용모까지도 변하게 된다. 또한 유전적 요인이 비만의 중요한 원인으로 작용한다는 것은 비만과 가계와 연관되어 집중 발생한다는 사실에서 알 수 있다(Stunkard, A. J. Burt). 부모가 모두 비만이면 그 자녀가 살이 찔 가능성으로 70% 정도이고, 부모 중 한 사람이 비만일 경우는 40% 정도이며, 부모가 모두 비만이 아닌 경우에는 약 10% 정도이다. 즉, 비만은 유전인자에 의해 크게 좌우 될 수 있다. 하지만 이외에도 부모의 식습관 및 생활습관에 영향을 받아 비만이 될 수도 있다는 것이 밝혀지고 있다.(김재수 2000) 그러나, 뷰티요가(Beauty Yoga)는 심신을 동시에 변화시키고 의식도 변형시켜 잠재능력도 개발시키고 체질이나 성격도 긍정적, 창조적으로 바뀌어 심신의 균형은 물론이고 비만에 대한 관점이 달라져 이를 스스로 조절 할 수 있는 힘이 생기게 하는 근본적인 치유법이다.(손은선. 2014). 뷰티요가(Beauty Yoga)가 정신적 비만을 해결하는 이유는 뷰티요가프로그램(손은선.윤천성. 2012)이 내분비선을 많이 자극시켜 분비를 촉진시키기 때문이다. 그 결과 정신적 평화를 찾게 됨으로써 건강한 피부로 예방, 치유, 관리할 수 있는 피부미용 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. This study aimed to find a means towards self-actualization in skin aesthetics trough beauty yoga and examine a way to enhance human health and amplify physical, psychological, social and mental values. Beauty yoga is natural philosophy which keeps a human body healthy and beautiful. It refers to a system to practice body and mind through natural motions, breathing and meditation (Son Eun-sun, Youn Chun-sung, 2011). It improves disposition as well as physical health and helps a passive person become more active. This exercise also makes a person look better. In addition, the fact that genes are the primary cause of obesity is confirmed based on the relevance between obesity and lineage (Stunkard, A. J. Burt). If both parents are overweight, about 70% of their children might be obese. If either parent is overweight, the likelihood that the child will be obese is approximately 40%. In case neither parent is obese, the children have a 10% chance of being overweight. To a considerable extent, in other words, obesity can be determined by genes. A study by Kim Jae-soo (2000) has also revealed that children can become obese, influenced by their parents’ dietary and living habits. Beauty yoga remedies body and mind, develops latent ability and forms positive and creative personality. In fact, it is a fundamental healing therapy which helps people develop the capability to control their body and mind on their own with a different view on obesity (Son Eun-sun, 2014). Beauty yoga takes care of mental obesity because its program (Son Eun-sun, Youn Chun-sung, 2012) stimulates endocrine glands for the release of hormones. As a result, it brings peace in mind. It’s anticipated that the study results would be available as basic data for skin esthetics which is needed to have healthy skin through healing and care.