Vascular Protective Role of Samul-Tang in HUVECs: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NO

Choi, Eun Sik,Lee, Yun Jung,Seo, Chang Seob,Yoon, Jung Joo,Han, Byung Hyuk,Park, Min Cheol,Kang, Dae Gill,Lee, Ho Sub Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2016 No.-

<P>Samul-Tang (Si-Wu-Tang, SMT), composed of four medicinal herbs, is a well-known herbal formula treating hematological disorder or gynecologic disease. However, vascular protective effects of SMT and its molecular mechanisms on the vascular endothelium, known as the central spot of vascular inflammatory process, are not reported. The aim of this study was to investigate vascular protective effects of SMT water extract in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Water extract of SMT was prepared and identified by HPLC-PDA analysis. Expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-<I>κ</I>B) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined by western blot. Nuclear localization of NF-<I>κ</I>B and Nrf2 was visualized by immunofluorescence and DNA binding activity of NF-<I>κ</I>B was measured. ROS production, HL-60 monocyte adhesion, and intracellular nitric oxide (NO) were also measured using a fluorescent indicator. SMT suppressed NF-<I>κ</I>B translocation and activation as well as expression of CAMs, monocyte adhesion, and ROS production induced by TNF-<I>α</I> in HUVECs. SMT treated HUVECs showed upregulation of HO-1 and NO which are responsible for vascular protective action. Our study suggests that SMT, a traditionally used herbal formula, protects the vascular endothelium from inflammation and might be used as a promising vascular protective drug.</P>

Carbon monoxide prevents TNF-α-induced eNOS downregulation by inhibiting NF-κB-responsive miR-155-5p biogenesis

Choi, Seunghwan,Kim, Joohwan,Kim, Ji-Hee,Lee, Dong-Keon,Park, Wonjin,Park, Minsik,Kim, Suji,Hwang, Jong Yun,Won, Moo-Ho,Choi, Yoon Kyung,Ryoo, Sungwoo,Ha, Kwon-Soo,Kwon, Young-Guen,Kim, Young-Myeong Nature Publishing Group 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.11

<P>Heme oxygenase-1-derived carbon monoxide prevents inflammatory vascular disorders. To date, there is no clear evidence that HO-1/CO prevents endothelial dysfunction associated with the downregulation of endothelial NO synthesis in human endothelial cells stimulated with TNF-α. Here, we found that the CO-releasing compound CORM-2 prevented TNF-α-mediated decreases in eNOS expression and NO/cGMP production, without affecting eNOS promoter activity, by maintaining the functional activity of the <I>eNOS</I> mRNA 3′-untranslated region. By contrast, CORM-2 inhibited MIR155HG expression and miR-155-5p biogenesis in TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells, resulting in recovery of the 3′-UTR activity of <I>eNOS</I> mRNA, a target of miR-155-5p. The beneficial effect of CORM-2 was blocked by an NF-κB inhibitor, a miR-155-5p mimic, a HO-1 inhibitor and siRNA against HO-1, indicating that CO rescues TNF-α-induced eNOS downregulation through NF-κB-responsive miR-155-5p expression via HO-1 induction; similar protective effects of ectopic HO-1 expression and bilirubin were observed in endothelial cells treated with TNF-α. Moreover, heme degradation products, except iron and <I>N</I>-acetylcysteine prevented H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-mediated miR-155-5p biogenesis and eNOS downregulation. These data demonstrate that CO prevents TNF-α-mediated eNOS downregulation by inhibiting redox-sensitive miR-155-5p biogenesis through a positive forward circuit between CO and HO-1 induction. This circuit may play an important preventive role in inflammatory endothelial dysfunction associated with human vascular diseases.</P>

Protective Effects of Hyperoside against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Damage in Mice

Choi, Jun-Ho,Kim, Dong-Wook,Yun, Nari,Choi, Jae-Sue,Islam, Md. Nurul,Kim, Yeong-Shik,Lee, Sun-Mee American Chemical Society and American Society of 2011 Journal of natural products Vol.74 No.5

<P>In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of hyperoside (<B>1</B>), a flavonoid glycoside isolated from <I>Artemisia capillaris</I>, have been examined against carbon tetrachloride (CCl<SUB>4</SUB>)-induced liver injury. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with vehicle or <B>1</B> (50, 100, and 200 mg·kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) 30 min before and 2 h after CCl<SUB>4</SUB> (20 μL·kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) injection. Levels of serum aminotransferases were increased 24 h after CCl<SUB>4</SUB> injection, and these increases were attenuated by <B>1</B>. Histological analysis showed that <B>1</B> prevented portal inflammation, centrizonal necrosis, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia. Lipid peroxidation was increased and hepatic glutathione content was decreased significantly after CCl<SUB>4</SUB> treatment, and these changes were reduced by administration of <B>1</B>. Protein and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) significantly increased after CCl<SUB>4</SUB> injection. Compound <B>1</B> suppressed TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression and augmented HO-1 protein and mRNA expression and Nrf2 nuclear protein expression. These results suggest that <B>1</B> has protective effects against CCl<SUB>4</SUB>-induced acute liver injury, and this protection is likely due to enhancement of the antioxidative defense system and suppression of the inflammatory response.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jnprdf/2011/jnprdf.2011.74.issue-5/np200001x/production/images/medium/np-2011-00001x_0006.gif'></P>

심근 허혈-재관류 백서 모델에서 mitogen-activated protein kinase 활성화에 대한 α-lipoic acid의 효과

김연경,박은미,최준호,윤경호,유남진,이은미,김남호,정진원,김민선,박병림,오석규 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2006 圓光醫科學 Vol.21 No.1

Dopamine Transporter Gene의 다형성과 알코올 의존증의 관련

최윤정,방승규,김정진,도규영,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 도파민계는 알코올 추구와 같은 알코올 의존증과 관련된 행동에 중요한 역할을 한다. Dopamine transporter(DAT1)는 신경연접부위에서 도파민 재흡수에 관여하여 도파민 활성을 종결시키는 물질로 알려져 있다. 그러므로, DAT1 유전자가 알코올 의존증에 대한 감수성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. DAT1 유전자는 다형성을 보이는 반복된 40개의 염기서열(VNTR)을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 DAT1 유전자 다형성과 알코올 의존증 및 알코올 의존증의 임상변인과의 관련성에 대하여 알아보았다. 방 법 : 알코올 의존증 환자 94명과 정상대조군 113명을 대상으로 말초혈액을 채취하여 분리된 DNA의 DAT1 유전자를 DNA 중합효소연쇄반응으로 증폭하였다. 증폭된 산물을 15% polyacrylamide gel에서 전기영동하여 나타나는 띠의 크기에 따라 유전자형을 구분하였다. 자료의 통계적 처리는 Fisher's exact test, oneway ANOVA를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 환자군과 정상대조군의 유전자형은 모두 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium의 예상치와 유의한 차이가 없었다. 대립유전자는 7 repeats, 9 repeats, 10 repeats, 11 repeats의 4가지 종류로 구분되었고, 유전자형은 7/7 repeats, 7/10 repeats, 9/10 repeats, 10/10 repeats, 10/11 repeats의 5가지 형태를 보였다. 환자군과 대조군간에 DAT1 유전자형 및 대립유전자 빈도는 유의한 차이가 없었고, DAT1 유전자형에 따른 음주 시작 연령, 알코올 의존증의 발병 연령 및 잠복기간에서도 차이가 없었다. 알코올 의존증의 가족력이 있는 환자군과 없는 환자군은 DAT1 유전자형의 빈도에서 차이가 있는 경향을 보였고(χ²=6.912, p=0.081), DAT1 대립유전자의 빈도에서도 유의한 차이가 있었으며(χ²=10.193, p=0.008), lambda값은 0.046였다. 결 론 : DAT1 유전자의 다형성이 알코올 의존증의 유전적 소인이 될 가능성은 적은 것으로 보이나, 알코올 의존증의 가족내 유전과는 관련있을 것으로 시사된다. Objectives : Alcoholism is known to be a heritable disease. It has been hypothesized that dopaminergic systems play an important heritable role in human behavor related to alcohol dependence, such as alcohol seeking. Therefore, genes involved in this pathway, including dopamine transporter(DAT1), which is responsible for taking released dopamine back up into presynaptic terminals and terminating dopaminergic activity, are potential candidate that may affect susceptibility to alcoholism. Analysis of a 40-base pair(bp) repeat(VNTR) in the 3' untranslated region of the DAT1 gene revealed variable number of the repeat ranging from 3 to 11 copies. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the association between alcoholism and VNTR polymorphism of DAT1. Methods : Genomic DNA analysis with polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to identify the presence of a VNTR polymorphism. It was carried out within a group of 94 alcoholic patients and 113 normal controls. Results : 1) There were no significant differences in allelic or genotype frequencies between the group of alcoholic patients and controls. 2) There were no significant differences in the first drinking age, onset age and latency of alcoholism according to DAT1 genotypes. 3) There was a significant difference in allelic frequencies between alcoholics with family history and those without family history. Conclusions : These results suggested that VNTR polymorphism of DAT1 is unlikely to be a factor in the genetic etiology of alcoholism, but might be related to familial transmission of alcoholism.

예비수학교사의 신념에 따른 교수학적 내용지식(PCK)과의 관련성에 관한 연구

고상숙,김은호,문정윤,배지은,정대진 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2011 교과교육학연구 Vol.15 No.4

This study investigated the relationship between PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge) and pre-service mathematics teachers' mathematical beliefs, and the effects of PCK on their teaching. The data were collected through pre & post interviews, a questionnaire, and classroom observations of six pre-service mathematics teachers who were taking their field practica in their senior year. The results indicate that the pre-service mathematics teachers' differing beliefs about the nature of mathematics affected their PCK. This study showed the relationship between their beliefs about teaching and the learning of mathematics and PCK. It is recommended that more opportunities for PCK development, as well as for modifications in of their beliefs have to be offered in education programs for pre-service mathematics teachers. 본 연구의 목적은 예비수학교사들의 수학적 신념과 수업에서 발현된 교수학적 내용지식(PCK)의 특징을 알아보고, 이를 통해 수학적 신념에 따른 PCK의 관련성에 대해 분석하는 것이다. 이 연구는 교육실습 중인 예비수학교사 6명을 대상으로 실시한 PCK 설문지, 인터뷰 자료, 수업관찰 자료를 분석하는 질적 연구 방법을 토대로 하였다. 연구결과, 예비수학교사들의 다양한 수학 본질에 대한 신념은 PCK에 서로 다른 영향을 주었으며, 수학 교수-학습에 대한 신념과 PCK사이에는 밀접한 관련성이 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 신념과 교수학적 내용지식(PCK)을 함께 발달시킬 수 있는 예비교사 연수 및 지원 프로그램의 확충이 필요하다.

우리나라 感潮河川 水位資料의 初基分析

崔秉昊,徐景錫,吳允根 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1987 論文集 Vol.38 No.2

우리나라 主要河川의 感潮區間에서의 水位觀測은 1910年代부터 시작되었으나 感潮區間의 潮汐變化를 判別키 위한 이 長期資料의 徹底한 分析은 遂行된 바 없다. 本 硏究에서는 利用可能한 漢江, 錦江感潮區間에서의 5個所(顚類, 金浦大橋, 玉浦, 笠浦, 江景)의 感潮水位資料를 分析하기 위한 初期努力이 試圖되었다. 原記錄曲線으로부터 每時間別로 編輯된 水位資料로부터 統計的 變數들과 潮汐의 調和常敎를 구했는데 檢討結果에 의하면 旣存水位資料들은 不適合한 觀測體系 및 記錄體系 때문에 資料의 質은 극히 不良하였다. Observations of the water levels in the tidal reaches of major rivers in South Korea have been made since 1910s. But these extended records have never been subjected to intensive analysis to identify the tidal variation in the shallow rivers. In the present study, an initial attempt was made to analyze the available tidal data at five gauging stations(Jeonryu, Kimpo Bridge, Okpo, lbpo and Ganggyeong) in the Han River and the Keum River. Statistical parameters and harmonic constants were obtained from edited hourly water levels taken from original water level curves. It was found that existing data were seriously corrupted by improper measurement and recording system.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

1~2기 본태성 고혈압 환자들에서 Imidapril 대 Enalapril의 항고혈압 효과를 평가하기 위한 무작위, 이중맹검 임상시험

최영진,손대원,김용진,이홍자,채인호,김효수,김철호,오병희,이명묵,박영배,채윤식,이영우 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.11

수증기 개질반응용 니켈촉매에 첨가된 리튬의 효과

최재석,윤정숙,임태훈,홍성안,이호인 한국공업화학회 2005 응용화학 Vol.9 No.1

In the direct internal reforming type molten carbonate fuel cell, alkali carbonates used as electrolyte in the cell are transported to reforming catalyst of which activity drastically decreases. In our previous work, the deactivation of the nickel catalyst was studied with increasing the amount of added lithium. Unexpectedly, the increase of activity was observed with a small amount of lithium less than 1wt%. The results of TPR, XRD and chemisorption showed no significant difference between the fresh catalyst and the Li-added one, implying that lithium did not cause the change of morphological property of the supported nickel. To elucidate the effect of lithium the methanation of CO was applied to the catalysts, which was considered as the reverse reaction of the key elementary step of methane steam reforming. It can be seen by an online mass spectrometer that the small injection of CO/H₂ mixture into the Li-added catalyst reactor at 650 ℃ showed the longer tail of produced methane than into the fresh one. The delay should be originated from the effect of lithium, which determined the overall rate on the Li-added catalyst.