열처리에 따른 CVD Cu 박막의 미세구조 및 전기 비저항의 변화

이원준(Won-Jun Lee),민재식(Jae-Sik Min),라사균(Sa-Kyun Rha),이영종(Young-Jong Lee),김우식(Woo-Sik Kim),김동원(Dong-Won Kim),박종욱(Chong-Ook Park) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1995 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.4 No.2

열처리에 따른 Cu 박막의 미세구조 및 전기 비저항의 변화를 조사하였다. Cu(hfac)(TMVS)를 원료로 하는 저압화학증착법에 의해 증착온도를 160℃에서 330℃까지 변화시키면서 TiN 기판 위에 Cu 박막을 제조하였고 450℃에서 30분간 열처리하였다. 증착온도에 따라 표면이 평평한 Cu 박막을 형성하는 표면 반응제한지역과 표면이 거친 Cu 박막을 형성하는 물질전달제한지역이 관찰되었다. 열처리 후 Cu 박막은 전체적으로 표면이 평탄해졌고 결정립의 크기는 모든 증착온도에서 증가하였는데 그 편차 역시 증가하여 EM 저항성 측면에서는 큰 효과를 보이지 못할 것으로 판단된다. 비저항은 증착온도 200℃에서 급격히 증가하였고 열처리 후에는 모든 증착온도에서 비저항이 감소하였는데 표면반응제한지역에서는 결정립 성장에 의한 약간의 비저항 감소를 보였으나 물질전달제한지역에서는 응집에 의해 Cu 결정립간의 전기적 연결 상태가 향상되어 급격한 비저항 감소를 보였다. The effects of the thermal annealing on the microstructure and the electrical resistivity of the copper films were studied. Copper film was prepared on TiN substrate by the low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) using Cu(hfac)(TMVS) as the precursor at the deposition temperature between 160 and 330℃, and then annealed at 450℃ for 30 min. There were two distinct temperature regions, one is the surface reaction limited region, producing smooth surfaced copper film, and the other is the mass transport limited region which produces rough surfaced film. After annealing, the surfaces of the copper films had tendency to become smooth, and the grain size enlarged in all deposition temperature regions. However, the deviation of the grain size was increased too much to improve the EM resistance. The electrical resistivity showed a rapid increase at the deposition temperature of 200℃. After annealing, the resistivity of the copper film deposited in the surface reaction limited region decreased slightly by the grain growth, but ones deposited in the mass transport limited region decreased drastically by coalescence of the grains, causing the improvements of the electrical connections among copper grains.

원산지별 감초추출물의 항산화활성 증가를 위한 효율적인 추출조건 탐색

하지훈 ( Ji Hoon Ha ),이혜미 ( Hye Mi Lee ),권순식 ( Soon Sik Kwon ),김해수 ( Hae Soo Kim ),김문진 ( Moon Jin Kim ),전소하 ( So Ha Jeon ),정유민 ( Yoo Min Jeong ),황준필 ( Jun Pil Hwang ),박종호 ( Jong-ho Park ),최영기 ( Yung-key 대한화장품학회 2013 대한화장품학회지 Vol.39 No.4

본 연구에서는 한국 및 중국산 감초(Glycyrrhiza uralensis), 그리고 우즈베키스탄산 감초(Glycyrrhiza glabra)를 대상으로 추출용매, 추출온도, 추출시간 등 추출조건별 추출물을 제조하고 이들 추출물들의 추출 수율과 항산화 활성을 비교하여 최적의 추출조건을 선정하였다. 항산화 활성 중 자유 라디칼(1,1-phenyl-2-pic-rylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거활성은 85% 에탄올로 60 ℃에서 6 h 동안 추출한 조건에서 한국 감초로부터 얻은 추출물이 가장 높은 활성(46.05%)을 나타내었다. 루미놀 발광법을 이용한 추출물들의 총 항산화능 측정 실험과 피부 광노화에 중요한 ¹O₂으로 유도된 세포막 손상에 대한 추출물들의 세포 보호 효과를 측정한 실험 모두에서도 위의 조건에서 가장 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 특히, 한국 감초는 τ₅₀이 116.4 min으로 비교 물질인(+)-α-tocopherol (28.5 min)보다 약 4 배나 높은 세포 보호 효과를 나타내었으며, 추출 수율은 18.75%로 우즈베키스탄 및 중국 감초보다 각각 1.2 배 및 2.5 배의 추출 수율을 나타내었다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과는 항산화 소재로 화장품에 응용하기 위하여 감초로부터 추출물을 얻기 위한 최적의 조건은 85% 에탄올로 60 ℃에서 6시간 동안 추출하는 것임을 보여주었다. In this work, licorice extracts were prepared using various extraction conditions such as extraction solvent, temperature, and time from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) produced in Korea and China and Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) in Uzbekistan. The optimum extraction condition was selected from the extraction yields and antioxidative activities of extracts. Korea licorice extracts showed the highest free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scav-enging activity (46.05%) under the extraction condition of 85% ethanol at 60 ℃ for 6 hours. The prominent ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging activity using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay and the cellular protective effect against ¹O₂ induced cellular membrane damage were also shown from the extracts obtained from the same condition. Especially, Korea G. uralensis extracts exhibited the higher prominent protective effect (τ₅₀ = 116.4 min) than (+)-α-tocopherol (τ₅₀ = 28.5 min) and the extraction yield of Korea licorice extract was 18.75%, which is 1.2 times and 2.5 times higher than that of Uzbekistan and China, respectively. These results indicate that the extraction condition of 85% ethanol at 60 ℃ for 6 hours is optimal to prepare licorice extracts, which can be applicable as antioxidative cosmetic materials.

제지용 도공안료의 표면개질에 의한 도공지 물성과 인쇄적성에 관한 연구(Ⅱ)

민동진,이희명,조준형,이용규,김용식 한국공업화학회 2004 공업화학 Vol.15 No.1

도공지의 품질향상을 위하여 도공용 무기안료의 제법개선, 도공액 특성 변화, 도공안료의 설계, 도공지 제조의 조업성 등 다양한 측면에서의 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 표면개질한 도공안료와 혼합처리한 도공안료를 용하여 도공지의 물성 및 인쇄적성을 비교하였다. 도공액 배합 시도공액의 유동특성과 인쇄특성에 영향을 줄 수 있는 여러 인자들을 일정하게 고정하였고 도공안료의 표면개질 유무에 따른 인쇄특성 변화를 조사하였다. 도공지의 표면은 SEM으로 측정하여 표면개질 효율을 조사하였다. 도공액의 물성뿐만 아니라 도공지의 물성 및 인쇄적성에 대한 비교ㆍ평가를 실시하였다. 또한 배합조건을 달리하여 인쇄적성의 효율성을 평가하였다. To improve the quality of coating paper, many areas, such as the manufacturing process of inorganic pigment for the coating, the property change of coating color. the surface design of coating pigment and the productivity of coated paper, were studied. In this study the physical properties and printability of coated paper were compared with the coating pigment to modify the surface of large particle and the coating pigment to mix together the large and small particles. After the coating color was mixed under the same conditions in order that the coating color has the same rheological property printability, the printability change caused by the surface modification of coating color was investigated. With the surface SEM of coated paper. the efficiency of the surface modification of coating pigment was investigated. The physical property and printability of coating paper, in addition to the physical properties of coating color. were compared and evaluated. Also. the efficiency of printability was evaluated, changing the mixing condition

생체분해성 고분자를 이용한 사시수술용 제형개발 및 효용성에 대한 연구

민병무,김용백,김승영,김창식,박근성,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

A new device, muscle clamping system was developed to facilitate exact quatifying technique A strabismus surgery, and reduce the risk of complications. The device is composed of a lower fixing body with three jaws and an upper supporting body. They are used to clip an extraocular muscle and fix it to the sclera with a single bite. Superior rectus recession on 16 rabbit eyes were performed with this new device. Conjunctival injection, muscle adhesion strength, and light microscopic findings were examined at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. The Conjunctival injection were minimal, adhesion power ranged from 420 to 600 gram gravity, which is sufficient in withstand the normal pull of human extraocular muscle. In microscopic exam, some Inflammatory cells and fibrosis were found. The new device was technically easy, fast, and accurate, so it may be useful in stabismus surgery.

대전시 3 대 하천의 수질 및 식물플랑크톤상에 관한 연구

강창민,이상명,엄준식,이정희,이호원,홍춘표 한국환경과학회 2000 한국환경과학회지 Vol.9 No.4

The studies on physico-chemical factors and phytoplankton at the 3 rivers in the Taejon city were conducted from November 1997 to May 1998. The Results were as follows; In the water quality, the down streams were generally worse than the upper streams. Water temperature was varied from 2.4℃ to 23.0℃; DO from 1.80㎎/ℓ to 17.6㎎/ℓ ; pH from 4.7 to 10.4 ; BOD from 0.78㎎/ℓ to 8.80㎎/ℓ; COD from 0.32㎎/ℓ to 8.26㎎/ℓ ; SS from 2.0㎎/ℓ to 43.0㎎/ℓ ; total phosphate was from 0.001㎎/ℓ to 0.709㎎/ℓ ; total nitrogen 0.01㎎/ℓto 11.69㎎/ℓ . In phytoplankton species, they were identified as total 191 taxa composed of 8 classes, 18 orders, 35 families, 74 genera, 152 species, 35 varieties and 4 forms. The dominant species were Synedra ulna in Taejon-chon, Diatoma vulgare in Yudong-chon, Oscillatoria princeps, Scenedesmus gadricauda, Synedra ulna, and Diatom vulgare in Gap-chon. Standing crops of phytoplankton were from 2,076 cells/㎖ to 97,356 cells/㎖.

최근 6년간 연세의료원에서 경험한 한국인 안면골 골절에 대한 임상적 연구

권준호,이충국,이의웅,민우석,윤중호,박형식 大韓顎顔面成形外科學會 1989 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.11 No.1

This is a series of continuing research on facial bone fractures of Koreans worked by Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Dental College of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, since 1972. The study was based on a series of 630 patients with facial bone fractures treated as in patient at Yonsei Medical Center, Yonsei University, during the period of Jan. 1982 through Dec, 1987. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The ratio of Men to Women was 4.3 : 1, and admissions for facial bone fractures have been increased year after 1984. 2. The age frequency was highest in the third decade(38.3%). and fourth, second, fifth decade in orders. 3. The traffic accident was the most frequent cause of facial bone fractures(51.3%). 4. The most common location of facial bone fractures was the Mandible(35.3%), and Zygoma complex(29.8%), Nasal bone(15.0%), Maxilla(11.0%) were next in order of frequency. 5. In 291 patients of Mandible fractures, 226(77.7%) had fractures only in Mandible and 65(22.3%) had another facial bone fractures. The most frequent fracture site of mandible was the Symphysis(43.0%) and Angle(22.4%), and Simple fracture was the most frequent in type of fracture(66.9%). Intermaxillarty fixatin & Open reduction was major method of treatment(36.9%). 6. In 394 patients of Midface fractures 323(82.0%) had fractures only in Midface and 71(18.0%) had another facial bone fractures. The most frequent site of Midface fractures was zygoma complex & zygomatic arch(42.7%), and Simple fracture was the most common type of fractures. Observation(Maxilla :44.2%, Zygoma :51.0%) and Open Reduction(Maxilla :20.0%. Zygoma :23.5%) were the major method of treatment. 7. The frequency of Nasal bone fracture was about 1/5 of Midface fractures, and Closed Reduction(42.2%) was the major method of treatment. 8. The complication was reported in only 16 patients, and Malunion was the major complication. 9. Head(44.4%), Lower extrimities(14.5%) and Eye(12.3%) were injured commonly with facial bone fractures. 10. The elapsed time from injury to hospital was within 24 hours in 73.8% of patients, however 15.5% of patients arrived the hospital 72 hours after injury.

播種과 收穫時期에 따른 들깨(Perilla ocymoides)의 脂肪酸 組成變化

梁敏錫,全永式 慶尙大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

播種 및 收穫時期에 따른 들깨의 脂肪酸 組成 變化를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1.油脂含量은 5月30日 播種區와 10月5日 收穫區에서 가장 높았다. 2.總 脂質의 主要脂酸은 palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic acid로 이中linolenic acid의 含量이 가장 많았다. 3.不飽和度 및 C?/C? 比는 播種적기인 5月30日과 10月5日이 가장 높았다. 4.結合形態別 脂質은 植物脂質의 저장形態인 triglyceride의 含量이 가장 높았으며 主要脂?은 linolenic acid였는데 播種時期가 늦어질수록 增加하는 傾向이었다. 5.本 硏究의 結果로 南部地方의 播種 및 收穫 적기는 各各 5月30日과 10月5日로 생각된다. This experiments are carried out obtain the effects of different snowing and harvesting dates on the oil contents and fatty acids compositions of perlla cultivar. Total lipid was extracted from perilla seed with diethylether and sepsarated into glycolipid, sterylester, triglyceride, free fatty acid and phospholipid. Fatty acids compositions of each fraction of lipid were analyzed by gas chromatography(GLC). The results are summrized as follow: Oil contents were the highest at snowing treatment on May 30 and harvesting treatment on Oct, 5. Main fatty acid Compositions of total lipid were palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid. Linolenic acid was the highest. Ratio of UFA/SFA and C?/C? were the highest at sowing date May 30 and harvesting date Oct.5. Trglyceride was predominant composition of total lipid and main fatty acid was linolenic acid as snowing dates delayed, its contents decreased. As a result of study, an opportunity of sowing and harvesting dates were regarded as on May 30 andOct. 5 in Southern District.

조업 조건에 따른 이트륨 옥살레이트 결정의 성장 메카니즘 및 속도

성민현,김우식,김준수 慶熙大學校 材料科學技術硏究所 1998 材料科學技術硏究論集 Vol.11 No.-

Crystal growth of Yttrium oxalate seed crystals in supersaturated solutions has been studied EDTA titration method. Growth rate for Yttrium oxalate crystals was determined from de-supersaturation curve of solution in agitated reactor. Change of growth mechanism and rate of yttrium oxalate crystals on agitation speed and concentration of additive were investigated. Experimental method are suggested to determin the parameters in the simple two-step model and factors which influence the mass-transfer and surface-reaction coefficients are identified. Then the controlling step of crystal growth process is judged from the effectiveness factor. Firstly, growth rate was increased with increasing agitation speed, but exponential constant wasn't change with increasing agitation speed. As this result, linear growth rate were first-order at high supersaturation, that is, growth rate controlled due to mass trasfer step in high supersaturation solution. Finally, studing on effect of additive, growth rate were decreased with increasing concentration of additive, but exponential constant were increased. Then the individual rate constants, kd and kr, were determined from the simple two-step model. In addition, using effectiveness factors, growth rate were measured of the degree of mass-trasfer or surface-reaction control.

시험관내에서 카드뮴에 의한 랏트의 신조직 ATPase활성도 억제 양상

김민식,이상준,정규철 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1990 中央醫大誌 Vol.15 No.4

For studying of inhibitory characteristics of cadmium on adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in rat kidney, ATPase activities in the microsomal fraction were measured in the presence of varying concentrations of ATP(0.5 to 3.0,mM) and/or cadmium (0.5 to 1,000 μM) in 10mM MgC_2, 100 mM NaCl, 20mM KCI and 125 mM Tris-HCI pH 7.4, or in solutions where NaCl and KCI were replaced with 10 mM ouabain. 1. K_M and Vmax for total ATPase were 0.33 mM and 27.2 μmol/mg protein/hr, respectively, and 0.26 mM and 19.4 μmol/mg protein/hr for Mg^++-ATPase and 0.78 mM and 8.5 μmol/mg protein/hr for Na^+, K^+-ATPase, 2. Inhibition mode of cadmium on total ATPase and Mg^(++)-ATPase was uncompetitive, whereas it was noncompetitive on Na^+, K^+-ATPase. 3. In the presence of 3 mM ATP, the concentrations of cadmium inhibiting the activities of total ATPase, Mg^(++)-ATPase and Na^+, K^+-ATPase to levels of 50% of their original activities (I_(50)) were 176.6 μM, 902.2 μM and 9.2 μM, respectively. Consequently, the activity of Na^+, K^+-ATP ase was inhibited by cadmium as much as 98 times than that of Mg^+-ATPase.

하악골 절제술후 재이식된 돌결자가골 재이식 : 치험 3례

김 식,김수관,김운규,김수민,류종희,이준길,조경안,김수흥,정태영,여환호 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.2

We described three cases of immediate reimplantation of a frozen-thawed autogenous mandible composed of a mixture of iliac bone, marrow, and particulate hydroxyapatite in tumors of the mandible. Acceptable outcomes were obtained in three patients who underwent immediate autogenous mandibular graft reconstruction. The conditions leading to successful outcome of the procedure are also discussed. Reimplantation of frozen autogenous lesioned mandible was performed in three patients with mandibular tumors. Two reimplanted grafts survived without complications following surgery. One case had postoperative infection that resolved with appropriate antibiotic treatment. There were no recurrences of the primary lesions. Satisfactory facial contour after surgery was achieved. These results are most promising, and we believe that, with further refinement, this technique will offer a new and acceptable modality for facial reconstruction in patients with cancer.