Influence of heat‑treated Al-Si coating on the weldability and microstructural inhomogeneity for hot stamped steel resistance nut projection welds

Eun‑Joon Chun,Sung‑Sang Lim,Young‑Tae Kim,Ki‑Sung Nam,김영민,Young‑Whan Park,Siva Prasad Murugan,Yeong‑Do Park 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.1

Resistance nut projection weldability of Al–Si coated hot stamped steel (HSS) was investigated under the viewpoint of weldablecurrent range and joint strength (pull-out load). The microstructural inhomogeneities in the welds were also studied inorder to elucidate the factors affecting the joint strength of the welds. The weldability of the given Al–Si coated HSS wascompared with the weldability of an identical HSS without the Al–Si coating (Al–Si coating was polished out) and Zn coateddual phase steel. The weldable current range of Al–Si coated HSS was found to be narrower than that of the other materials. Furthermore, the average pull-out load within the weldable current range of the Al–Si coated HSS was the lowest among thethree materials. The reason for poor weld mechanical property of the Al–Si coated hot-stamped steel was attributed to themicrostructural inhomogeneities such as unmixed Al–Si coating layer at the edge of the nugget and the second phase Fe3(Al,Si) intermetallic compound. The formation of Fe3(Al, Si) phase was attributed to the solidification segregation of Al and Siduring the weld solidification and was confirmed with the numerical analysis of solidification segregation.

유아를 위한 통합적 문학활동 교수모형의 효과 : 이야기를 중심으로

이은상,임영심 안양대학교 人文科學硏究所 1995 人文科學硏究 Vol.3 No.1

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to analysis the effect on the child's understanding of story structure during young children's integrated literature Activity. 48 young children were chosen and randomly divided into an experimental group,a comparison group and a control group. The children in the experimental group who engaged in a integrated literature Activity interacted with their teacher rather freely. The teacher organized the environment and encouraged metacommunication between children by allowing spontanous dramatic play. The comparision group children also participated in a integrated literature Activity but under the teacher's direction. They followed what thor teacher suggested doing after they listented to the story. The children in the control group only heard the stories, which were the same as these of the comparision and the control groups. The experiment was performed for 12 weeks from June 16.1994 to Swmtember 2. The effects of the child-teacher interaction while children engaged in a integrated literature Activity were tested at the 4th,8th,and 12th week during the experiment. ANCOVA was employed for statistical treatment. The results are as follows: The experimental group children's ability to comprehend the story structure and their ability to infer was significantly improved.

동거형태에 따른 젊은 남자성인의 식행동과 건강관련 행동의 차이

박영숙,장지혜,임은희,한재라 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2001 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.7 No.2

A survey was performed to 250 male young men who were living alone and shared living with friends in Chungnam province. Their average age was 22.6 years old, height was 171.8 cm, weight was 65.6 kg and BMI was 22.2 Comparing the prevalence of drinking, smoking and exercise, there were significantly different between living alone subjects and shared-living ones. The main value toward eating/meals was for hungry soultion. And we found many significant differences by living with or without companion. When young men living without companions, they shouved to be more in regular mealtimes, no-skipped meals, breakfast eating, adequate food amounts, eating-outs, etc. and to be less in pleasant mealtimes, various foods, snacking and especially late snacks. The good food intake pattern were highly scored in the alone-living group than the shared-living group, whereas the bad food intake pattern were also highly scoued in the alone-living group than the other. The latter might be due to the more food exposures because of companions. These findings could conclude that dietary behaviors of the young living alone were evaluated as good enough.

물질남용 치료프로그램 후 재범여부에 대한 예비적 추적조사 연구

김현수,조선미,오은영,임기영,정영기,윤웅장,이영미 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.6

연구목적: 본 연구는 물질사범에게 시행되는 수강명령 프로그램의 효과를 재범률을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한 것이다. 방 법: 이 연구의 대상집단은 보호관찰소에서 의뢰받은 물질남용자집단이다. 이들은 법원으로부터 보호관찰, 수강명령, 치료명령, 사회봉사 등을 부과받았다. 총 104명의 대상자집단을 치료프로그램을 이수한 수강군과 비수강군으로 나누었으며 이들에 대한 재범률을 조사하였다. 결 과: 프로그램을 이수한 수강군이 비수강군에 비해 재범률이 낮았다(p<.05). 또한 단기 수강군과 장기수강군의 재범률의 차이를 조사하였는데 대상자 집단의 수가 적기 때문에 장기 수강군의 효과가 통계적으로 입증되지는 않았다. 결 론: 우리는 물질남용자에 대한 정책이 보다 교육적으로 변화할 것을 본 논문을 통하여 제시하려 하였으며 정부 및 법무부는 물질남용자에게 교육과 치료를 제공해주어야만 한다. Objectives: Using recidivism rate, we investigated the outcome after our substance abuse treatment program had been implemented. Methods: Our target population was substance abuse criminals referred by probational office. They either received the parole and probation order, treatment order or social service order from the court. We divided 104 substance abuse criminals into treatment group and non-treatment group. We examined their recidivism rate. Results: We reached a conclusion that treatment group had lower recidivism rate than non-treatment group(p<.0.5). We examined the effectiveness of short-term and long-term programs. However, no effectivess of long-term program was found because the sabject number was too small. Conclusion: We suggest that the strategies for substance abuse should be changed to more educative ones. The Government and Ministry of Justice must provide education and treatment to the substance abuse criminals.

대전대학교 학생의 음료섭취 실태 조사

임영희,박명순,정은영 대전대학교 생활과학연구소 1999 생활과학연구 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate beverage consumptions of students at Taejon University. This survey was carried out through questionnaires, and subjects were 265 students(110 males and 155 females) between June 9-24, 1999. All statistical data analysis were conducted using the SPSS/PC+. The results of this studies are follows. 1. Mean height of male and female students were 173.4㎝, 161.2㎝ and the mean body weight of those were 64.3㎏, 51.7㎏, respectively. 2. BMIs of male and female students were 21.4, 19.9, respectively. According to BMI underweight subjects were 24.2%, normal and overweight subjects were 67.2%, 8.7%, respectively. Also only 51.3% of the subjects correctly self judged their weight. 3. The preferred beverage were water(3.17), coke(3.06), coffee(2.94), milk (2.75) for male students, and water(3.02), milk(2.75), coke(2.63), coffee(2.63) for female students. 4. The criterion of choosing beverage was taste(58.1%), effects(13.2%), materials(12.1%), prices(10.9%). 5. Coffee was significant positive correlation between frequency of eating out and smoking, coke was frequency of snack and smoking.

공변량 구조분석을 이용한 국내 간호연구의 동향

임난영,강현숙,이성은,서연옥,권영은 대한간호학회 2001 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.31 No.2

This study was conducted by analyzing all 33 articles based on the LISREL, published from January 1991 to March 1999 in Korea. The analyses consisted of the publication date of articles, principal dependent variables, subjects of the research. adequacy of sampling, adequacy of research purposes and results. accordance between theoretical model and hypothetical model. fit measures, theoretical base of model modification, and adequacy of conclusion. The results were as follows : ? The thesis of 33 articles in total were outnumbered as 25 (75.8%) to 8 (24.2%) research articles. As for a sex classification of the subjects, 45.5% of the research were conducted around a female group of subjects. while 54.5% were done for both sex, The range of the sample size was 105 to 803, and the average was 259 subjects. ? A single theoretical variable was measured for each measurement variable, any difference between variables was hardly found in 8 articles (24.2%), and 19 articles (57.6%) did not consider any measurement error. To analyze if the representative has been considered while collecting the data. most data were collected by a convenient sampling. Seven articles (21.2%) were seen with a sign of a representative. Questionnaires were used in a majority (31 articles) of the data collecting process. Only 2 articles (6.1%) were measured with a physiologic index simultaneously. 14 articles (42.2%) were centered on theory development, 10 articles on theory synthesis. and 9 articles on theory test. The research purposes and results were consistent in 25 articles (75.5%) and 8 articles (24.2%) were inconsistent. The quality of life and health promotion behavior were the concepts most frequently studied as a dependent variable. and 7 articles centered on them. In applied theories a health promotion model was used on 4articles (12.1%), while role theory and stress-coping models were in 3 articles respectively. The articles were analyzed to see if the hypothetical model was elaborated and tested by the theoretical model. Twenty-five articles proved to be rationale for the inconsistencies. Also, 56.5% proposed hypotheses were supported among the subject articles. and 30 articles (90.0%) suggested a revised model. Path coefficient (17 articles) and theoretical adequacy (17 articles) were the standards mostly used. In conclusion. the principal factors were obtained from the research are to be considered as the principes of LISREL application. First. a model has to be established on a theoretical base rather than empirical results dependent on the data. The results are also required to be globally interpreted. Secondly. at least 200 samples are necessary to satisfy the need. Third. more than 3 measurement variables are to be adjusted to a single theoretical variable: the measurement errors must be suggested as well. Finally. normal distribution characteristics of the data and the estimation method need to be reported. Based on the research result. the follows are suggested: ? Systematic criteria on the LISREL application and procedure need to be developed ? Agreement form is required to report the results of research using the LISREL

직무체험이 고등부 정신지체 학생의 직업흥미에 미치는 영향 : 자동차 · 건물관리 · 식당서비스 · 가사 영역을 중심으로 Centering around Automative · Building Trades · Food Service · Housekeeping interest areas

임경원,박은영,김삼섭 국립특수교육원 2005 특수교육연구 Vol.12 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 직무체험이 고등부 정신지체 학생의 직업흥미에 어떤 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 직업흥미 영역별 변화 순위는 어떠한지를 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위해 대전 · 충청 · 강원 지역 고등부 정신지체 학생 57명을 실험집단으로 선정하였고, 3박 4일 동안 기숙생활을 하면서 대전직업능력개발센터에서 개발한 직무체험프로그램(2004년)을 실시하였다. 직무체험 프로그램은 자동차, 건물관리, 식당서비스, 가사의 4가지 직업영역으로 구성되었으며, 직무체험의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 직무체험 프로그램의 실시 전과 후에 직업흥미 검사를 실시하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 연구에서 사용된 설계는 이질집단 전후검사 설계이며, 자료처리는 만 휘트니 U 검정과 프리드만 검정을 이용하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다: 첫째, 직무체험이 고등부 정신지체 학생의 직업흥미에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 자동차와 가사 영역은 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 건물관리와 식당서비스 영역에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다; 둘째, 직업흥미 영역별 변화 순위는 자동차, 가사, 식당서비스, 건물관리의 순서로 나타났다. 순위의 실제적 양상을 알아보기 위해 사후검정을 실시한 결과, 자동차 흥미 영역은 건물관리와 식당서비스와 유의한 차이를 보였고(p<.05), 가사 흥미 영역은 건물관리와 식당서비스와 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<.05), 자동차와 가사, 건물관리와 식당서비스는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 즉, 첫 번째 순위는 자동차와 가사, 두 번째 순위는 식당서비스와 건물관리 영역임을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구결과에 비추어 볼 때, 정신지체 학생들의 직업흥미 영역을 확대시키고 변화를 유도할 수 있는 교육활동의 일환으로 다양한 직무체험 프로그램을 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of job experience on vocational interest and the changed order of vocational interest areas of high school students with mental retardation after application of job experience program. The subjects of experimental group were 57 students with mental retardation and selected from high school in Daejeon · Chungcheong · Gangwon provision. They lived in dormitory during a four-day and involved in job experience program which was developed by Daejeon Vocational Competency Development Center for the Disabled (2004). Job experience program consisted of four vocation areas of Automative, Building Trades, Food Service and Housekeeping, and pre- and post-vocational interest inventory was conducted and analysed to compare the effect of job experience. This study employed nonequivalent control group pretest and posttest design and Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman test were used for data analysis. The results as follows: First, the effect of job experience on vocational interest had significant differences in Automative and Housekeeping areas(p<.05), but was not significantly different in Building Trades and Food Service areas; Second, the changed order of vocational interest areas showed Automative, Housekeeping, Food Service and Building Trades in turn. The results of the post hoc test, Automative was significantly different with Building Trade and Food Service, and Housekeeping was significantly different with Building Trade and Food Service(p<.05). Automative had not significant difference with Housekeeping, and Building Trade was not significantly different with Food Services. The results of this study showed that job experience program as the kind of educational activity was used to enlarged and changed in vocational interest areas of high school students with mental retardation.

신경주위 전파를 수반한 유선낭종암

임숙영,최은숙,김민숙,고광준 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1992 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.22 No.2

This is a report of adenoid cystic carcinoma occurred in the palate in 30-year-old patient with a complaint of exophytic mass. The authore dignosed it as adenoid cystic carcinoma by the clinical examination, radiographic findings and histopathological findings. The obtained results are as follows ; 1. In clinical examination, asymptomatic exophytic mass of palate was observed. 2. in radiographic findings, soft tissue mass infiltrated the left maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, infraorbital fossa, hard palate, pterygopalatine fossa and pterygoid plate, and enhanced soft tissue mass was also observed in CT. 3. In histopathological findings, tubular and solid patterns of glandular structures were observed and the infiltration of tumor cells into the nerve fibers was also observed. 4. Two years after radical surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, the perineural spread to orbital area was observed. 5. Much longer follow-up than 5 years in needed for early diagnosis off recurrence and distant metastasis.

소비자 문제에 대한 대응행동 : 여자대학생을 중심으로

임정빈,이영호,조미환,강은주 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 2000 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.18

The purpose of this study was to provide with the basic research to aid to establish in the direction of consumer education, which investigate the actual condition of consumer complaining behavior according to consumer problems. Content analysis method was used and the sample 624 case was taken from report about experienced according to consumer problems by university of women. The major results are as follows: They have much more consumer complaining behavior, when they experience the problem about non-durable goods, and less experience them in case about durable goods. But they need to knowledge(information) about the durable goods and a way of settlement when they experience problems after service and structural problems.

Unaccusative Constructions in English

임은경,서영미 대전대학교 인문과학연구소 2002 人文科學論文集 Vol.33 No.-