도시근교 관광지에서의 쓰레기 배출특성에 관한 조사연구 : The Gu-Gok Falls in Summer Season 하절기 구곡폭포를 중심으로

이찬기,이해승,류돈식,강동구 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 産業技術硏究 Vol.17 No.-

This investigation was carried out ot study on the generation property, management and separate collection rate of solid waste in the Gu-Gok Falls. Generation rate of solid waste was 80.785kg/day and unit waste generation rates was 65.55g/dayㆍtourist one person. Physical component of solid waste were garbage 46%, papers 20%, empty bottles 10%, respectively. A plan is required to decrease generation rate of garbage waste, As result to investigate separated garbage can, papers and can were separated more than 60%. But empty bottles and scrap iron were separated less than 50%. P.E.T, steel can, aluminum can and empty bottles were 20% of total generation rate, and profit of reuse is ￦700,800/year.

내시경적 점막절제술로 치험한 식도 과립상 세포종 1례

강혁주,김성욱,최석진,이중현,장재식,서영범,윤병구,박건욱,김성자,김용섭,강승완,이구,양창헌,이창우,김욱년,이광헌,서정일 동국대학교 의학연구소 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

과립상 세포종은 Schwann 세포 기원으로 생각되며 인체에 비교적 드물게 발생한다. 과립상 세포종은 전신 어느 곳에서나 발견될 수 있으나 주로 혀, 구강, 피부 혹은 유방 등에서 호발하며 드물게 위장관에서 발견된다. 위장관에서는 식도에서 가장 호발하며 다음으로 위, 대장 순이다. 과립상 세포종은 대부분, 특히 위장관에서는 양성이며 소수의 악성 병변이 보고되었다. 이러한 이유와 함께 수술 전의 진단이 어렵기 때문에 과립상 세포종에 대한 근본적인 치료는 현재까지 외과적 절제술이다. 최근에 시도되는 치료방법들로는 내시경적 레이저 치료, 용종절제술, 내시경적 점막 절제술 등이 있다. 저자들은 상부 소화관 내시경검사를 시행하여 식도 과립상 세포종을 진단하고 내시경적 점막 절제술을 시행하여 합병증 없이 퇴원하여 현재 재발없이 경과 관찰중인 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Granular cell tumors, which occur infrequently, are probably of Schwann cell origin. They can occur almost anywhere in the body but usually affect the tongue, oral cavity, skin, or breasts and are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tracts. The esophagus is the most frequent gastrointestinal site, followed by the stomach and the colon. Granular cell tumors are generally benign, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, some malignant lesions have been reported. For this reason, and also because preoperative diagnosis is difficult, the standard treatment for granular cell tumor has until now been surgical excision. In recent years, other therapeutic methods is endoscopic laser therapy (ELT), polypectiomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). We report a case of esophageal granular cell tumor which was diagnosed by an endoscopy and managed using an endoscopic mucosal resection without complication.

과학계발활동 프로그램 적용이 과학성적 우수아의 과학 탐구 능력에 미치는 효과

이승택,김진국,정재구,정진우 한국초등과학교육학회 2005 초등과학교육 Vol.24 No.1

이 연구는 초등학교 과학 성적 우수아를 대상으로 과학계발활동 프로그램의 구성 및 적용이 과학탐구능력에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 과학계발활동 프로그램을 적용한 학생들은 적용하지 않은 학생들에 비하여 관찰, 측정, 자료해석, 가설 설정, 변인통제의 과학탐구요소가 더 신장된 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 과학계발활동의 운영은 과학탐구능력의 신장에 효과를 기대할 수 있으므로 교육현장에서 과학교육을 보다 다양하고 수준별로 운영할 수 있는 프로그램의 개발 및 적용 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다. This study organized a Science Improvement Activity Program designed for the excellent students in science in 5th and 6th grades. After application the effect of the program on science process skills was analyzed. The Science Improvement Activity Program was applied to the experimental group as a club activity after school during the semester. The results of this study were as follows: First, the students participated in the Science Improvement Activity showed an increase in the science process skills compared with those who didn't. Second, it was found that the students to whom the Science Improvement Activity Program was applied have improved in enhancing their science process elements of observation, measurement, data analysis, forming hypotheses, and controlling variables. It is expected that the development of activity programs and their active application should be done in order for schools to provide science education according to each student's capacity from various angles.

Layer-by-Layer Doping of Few-Layer Graphene Film

Gü,neş,, Fethullah,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Biswas, Chandan,Han, Gang Hee,Kim, Eun Sung,Chae, Seung Jin,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Young Hee American Chemical Society 2010 ACS NANO Vol.4 No.8

<P>We propose a new method of layer-by-layer (LbL) doping of thin graphene films. Large area monolayer graphene was synthesized on Cu foil by using the chemical vapor deposition method. Each layer was transferred on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate followed by a salt-solution casting, where the whole process was repeated several times to get LbL-doped thin layers. With this method, sheet resistance was significantly decreased up to ∼80% with little sacrifice in transmittance. Unlike samples fabricated by topmost layer doping, our sample shows better environmental stability due to the presence of dominant neutral Au atoms on the surface which was confirmed by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sheet resistance of the LbL-doped four-layer graphene (11 × 11 cm<SUP>2</SUP>) was 54 Ω/sq at 85% transmittance, which meets the technical target for industrial applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2010/ancac3.2010.4.issue-8/nn1008808/production/images/medium/nn-2010-008808_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn1008808'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

국내에서 유행하는 HIV의 전파 경로에 따른 Subtype 분포

이주실,남정구,김성순,강춘,최병선,김옥진,박미선,성봉모,서순덕,전수경,변승옥,신영오,조해월 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.5

Background : Previous data have been reported that subtype B is prevalent in South Korea, but neither the extent nor the proportion of subtypes could be evaluated. This study was designed to analyze the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes, temporal instructions and transmission dynamics between epidemiological groups. Methods : 1,280 Koreans had been diagnosed as HIV seropositive during the period 1985 to 2000. Among them, 134 individuals were selected for this molecular epidemiological study. 134 DNAs were isolated from uncultured or cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells. V3-V5 (0.7 kb) fragment of HIV-1 env gene was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction and was sequenced. Results : HIV-1 isolates from thirty-seven homosexuals were all subtype B (100%). On the other hand, 66 isolates from 94 heterosexuals were subtype B (70%) and 28 were non B subtypes (30% : 13 A, 4 C, 2 D, 8 E , 1 G). Only subtype B strains were isolated from 73 males who were infected with HIV inside Korea while 16 B and 20 non B subtype strains were isolated from 36 males who were HIV infected outside of Korea. However, B and non B strains were isolated half and half from females who were infected inside Korea except one. Conclusion : The HIV-1 subtype B strains are prevalent in Korea from the early HIV infection until present in both homo and heterosexuals. Non B strains have been transmitted from men who were infected outside Korea to their spouses and casual partners. So, we need further study to monitor subtype B and non B HIV transmission in epidemiological groups of Korea, (Korean J Infect Dis 33:311∼318, 2001)

葡萄汁加聰明湯이 集中力에 미치는 臨床的 硏究

李贊範,崔昇勳,吳旼錫,윤상원,구경완,성낙양 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2003 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.12 No.1

Clinical studies were carried out 25 cases through administration of Chongmyungtang added Grape Juice(CMT+GJ) from December 1st 2002 to December 31th 2002. The results were summarized as follows; 1. There were significant decreases in physical symptoms of fatigue from 4.64±2.71 to 2.52±1.78 by administration of CMT+GJ. 2. There were significant decreases in mental symptoms of fatigue from 5.44±2.38 to 3.88±2.03 by administration of CMT+GJ. 3. There were significant decreases in neuro-sensory symptoms of fatigue from 3.84±2.03 to 2.88±2.07 by administration of CMT+GJ. 4. There were significant decreases in total subjective symptoms of fatigue from 13.92±5.42 to 9.28±4.21 by administration of CMT+GJ. 5. There were not significant changes in VAS of fatigue and attention ratio by administration of CMT+GJ. According to the results, we could suggest that CMT+GJ is able to be applied to the development of concentration.

다층박막 WC-Cr_(1-x)Al_(x)N의 Al 함량에 따른 부식특성에 관한 연구

이정호,안승호,김정구 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.11

Multilayered WC-Cr_(1-x)Al_(x)N coatings were deposited on AISI D2 steel by cathodic arc ion plating process (CAIP). The Al concentration was controlled by using evaporation source for Al and fixing the evaporation rate of the other metals (WC alloy and Cr). Five types of WC-Cr_(1-x)Al_(x)N were deposited, i.e., WC-Cr_(0.6)Al_(0.4)N, WC-Cr_(0.57)Al_(0.43)N, WC-Cr_(0.53)Al_(0.47)N, WC-Cr_(0.48)Al_(0.52)N, and WC-Cr_(0.45)Al_(0.55)N. The corrosion behavior in deaerated 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for the prepared samples was investigated by electrochemical tests (potentiodynamic polarization test, galvanic corrosion test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) and surface analyses (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), and electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA)). The results from potentiodynamic polarization test showed that the WC-Cr_(0.48)Al_(0.52)N coating with the lower porosity (0.144) enhanced the corrosion resistance. Galvanic corrosion test was accomplished using the galvanic couple between the substrate and the WC-Cr_(1-x)Al_(x)N coating. The WC-Cr_(0.6)Al_(0.4)N showed a higher galvanic current density. In EIS measurements, the WC-Cr_(0.48)Al_(0.52)N coating showed an increased charge transfer resistance (R_(ct)). The measured electrochemical tests indicated that the WC-Cr_(0.48)Al_(0.52)N coating with the lower corrosion current density (3.023 μA/㎠) and higher charge transfer resistance (158.7 kΩ㎠) enhanced corrosion resistance.

신경회로망에 웨이브렛 함수를 이용한 새로운 지능제어방식

이용구,이승형,이현관,엄기환 동국대학교 대학원 1997 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.27 No.-

In this paper, we propose the hybrid system identification model and control method using neural networks. Proposed control method performs, for a nonlinear plant with unknown functions, system identification using an adaptive wavelet in a neural network, and then a nonlinear controller is designed with those identified informations. To identify a nonlinear function, which is not directly related to input signals, we can use an adaptive wavelet in three-layed neural network. In order to verify the usefulness of the proposed method, we simulate the proposed control method with cart pole system.

B형 간염 바이러스 단백질에 있어서 HLA-A2에 의해 표현되는 Epitope 펩타이드 들의 분석

이희구,임종석,김승목,이기영,김희수,김승호,권태종,최인성,정태화,김길현 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1995 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.5

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) are an important component in host defense mechanism against viral infection. They can recongnize virus-derived peptides presented by the Class I MHC molecule at the cell surface of the infected cells. On searching for effective CTL epitopes of hepatitis B virus(HBV), we synthesized a distinct set of 9-10 mer peptide containing amino acid sequence of hepatitis B virus surface protein that are selected on the basis of a computer modeling and the previously described HLA-A2 specific motifs.Binding assay of the synthetic peptides to HLA-A2 molecules using human antigen processing defectant T2 cells showed that 3 out of 4 synthetic peptides enhanced the expression of HLA-A2 molecule on T2 cell surface.Two anchor positions, namely P2 and P9(or P10) appeared to play a decisive role for binding.Structural. characteristics of the peptides addressed by molecular dynamics simulation was analysed and compared.These peptides also partially triggered CTL isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HBV positive patients, and the response was peptide-spcific.These results showed that negatively-charged amino acid residue at P2 hampered binding affinity of the peptides to HLA-A2 molecules, and that binding affinity of the peptides are not always reflected by their immunogenicity among natural T cell repertoire.

팥바구미 저항성 녹두의 작물학적 특성

이구환,정승근,박상일,송범헌,조용구,김홍식 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2002 農業科學硏究 Vol.19 No.-