한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

한국인 고정식 교정 환자의 치태, 치은염 및 탈회의 초기 변화에 관한 연구

강국진,손병화 대한치과교정학회 1999 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.29 No.3

구강내 고정식 교정장치의 장착으로 인해 치은염 및 치주염, 법랑질 탈회 및 치아 우식증, 치근 흡수, 치수변화 등 일시적 혹은 영구적 손상이 야기될 수 있다. 이러한 부작용발생의 원인으로 치태의 증가, 세균수의 증가와 조성의 변화 등을 들 수 있고 이러한 변화는 치은의 염증과 탈회를 유발한다. 이에 본 연구는 한국인 고정식 교정장치 장착환자에서 장치장착 전후의 치태, 치은염 그리고 탈회의 변화를 시간에 따른 변화, 남녀간의 차이 그리고 좌.우 소구치 부위간의 차이를 통해 알아보고자 전신질환이 없고, 여자의 경우 초경이 지난 사람을 대상으로 대조군은 연세대학교 치과대학생48명(남자 26명, 여자 22명)과 실험군으로 고정식 교정장치로 치료할 환자 73명(남자 36명, 여자 37명)을 모두 잇솔질교육(TBI)을 실시한 후, 치태치수, 치은염지수 그리고 탈회지수에 대하여 대조군은 3주 간격으로 2회를, 실험군은 최초측정을 하고 공정식 교정장치를 부착한 뒤 3주, 6주, 9주에 걸쳐 총 4회 측정을 실시하였다. 이상의 자료를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 치태지수(PI)는 고정식 교정장치 장착후 3주의 측정 이후 서서이 증가하였다. 2. 치은염지수(GI)는 고정식 교정장치 장착후 3주의 측정 이후 치태 지수의 증가보다 좀더 바른 속도로 증가하였다. 3. 탈회는 3주와 6주 사이에서 발생하기 시작하며, 탈회지수(DI)는 처음과 비교하여 6주 측정시부터 증가하기 시작하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 발견할 수는 없었다. 4. 좌.우 소구치 부위의 비교에서는 실험군의 치태지수와 치은염지수에서 우측에서 높은 값을 보였다. Intraoral fixed type of orthodontic appliance can cause reversible or irreversible damages such as gingivitis, periodontitis enamel decalcification, dental caries, root resorption, and pulpal changes. Such adverse effects are brought by increase in dental plaque as well as oral flora. Such an increase cause gingival inflammation and enamel decalcification. The purpose of this study is to get knowledge on initial changes in dental plaque, gingivitis, and enamel decalcification after bonding fixed orthodontic appliances according to time flow, gender, and sides(right/left) of premolar region. For control group, 48 students of dental college, Yonsei university(26 males, 22 females) were chosen; for experimental group, 73 orthodontic patients(36males, 37 females) who will be treated with fixed appliances were chosen. All the subjects had no systemic disease, juvenile periodontitis and all the females had passed their menarche. Tooth brushing instruction was given to all the subjects prior to the experiment. for control group, plaque index, gingival index, and decalcification index were measured twice at 3 weeks interval ; for experimental group, the same was done prior to, 3, 6, 9 weeks after bonding fixed appliances. The following results were obtained: 1. In plaque index 3 weeks after placement of appliances, and it showed gradual increase afterwards. 2. In gingival index 3 weeks after placement of appliances, and afterwards it showed increase at a faster rate than plaque index. 3. Enamel decalcification began to show between 3 and 6 weeks after bonding fixed appliances. Decalcification index began to increase 6 weeks appliance placement, but there was no statistical significance. 4. When the comparison was made between two sides of premolar region, the right side showed greater index in plaque and gingival index of experimental group.

진행된 HIV 감염 환자에서 십이지장의 미란성 병변으로 발현한 Mycobacterium genavense 감염 1예

진상만,박종선,김홍빈,오명돈,최강원,김희연,국윤호,김남중 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.4

Mycobacterium genauense는 최근에 알려진 미코박테륨으로서, 식욕 부진, 체중 감소, 설사, 림프절 병증 등 파종성 Myocobacterium avium-intracellulare complex 감염과 유사한 임상상을 보이며, 위장관 침범을 잘 하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 아직 국내에서 증례는 보고된 바가 없다. 저자들은 진행된 HIV 감염 환자에서 십이지장의 미란성 병변으로 발현한 Mycobacterium genavense 감염 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 환자는 상복부 동통과 발열, 설사로 내원하였다. 십이지장의 미란성 병변에서 시행한 조직검사에서 항산균이 가득 차있는 거품세포가 관찰되었으며, 이 검체에서 16S rRNA 유전자의 중합연쇄반응 검사를 시행하여 Mycobacterium genavense를 확인하였다. Mycobacterium genavense, first identified in 1990, is known as a pathogen that mimics disseminated Myocobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infection with particular propensity for the gastrointestinal tract. In Korea, no case with the organism has been reported. Herein we report a case of Mycobacterium genavense infection that manifested with erosive lesion of duodenum in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The patient presented with epigastric pain and fever, diarrhea. Duodenal biopsy showed histiocytic infiltration with numerous acid-fast bacilli. Identification of the mycobacterial isolate by the polymerase chain reaction restriction analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed Mycobacterium genavense.

임팩트시 테니스 라켓 재질의 차이에 따른 근전도 분석

윤양진,유국종,서국웅,정미라,강영택,이훈식,서국은 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1999 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to select 7 male athletes and female athletes of high school, and to compare their active potential differences of upper arm muscles according to characteristic of a racket. the results obtained are as follows: 1. According to the accumulative distribution rate of racket material, graphite and wood material show better efficiency in case of brachio radialis muscle of male athletes, but the racket material shows no constant efficiency in brachii radialis muscle of female athletes. In case of flexor carpi radialis muscle, wood material provides better efficiency only for male athletes. In case of triceps brachii muscle, wood material gives better efficiency to males athletes and steel material gives better efficiency to females athletes. Especially in case of biceps brachii muscle, neither male nor female athletes are influenced by racket materials at impact. 2. In the muscle load rate according to racket material, wood has the highest muscle active potential and graphite has the lowest active potential. Therefore, graphite is thoght to be better in the efficiency of muscle load rate.

흰쥐의 방사선 피폭후 생물학적 지표로서의 혈액효소

김진규,김상복,김국찬,천기정,김인규,박효국,이강석 대한방사선 방어학회 1993 방사선방어학회지 Vol.18 No.2

생물학적 선량평가를 위한 생화학적 지표 연구로서 흰쥐 혈액내 효소활성도의 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) Alkaline phosphatase 활성도는 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4 Gy의 방사선 조사후 24시간까지 혈액내 활성도가 증가하였고 72시간 경과시에는 대조군과 비슷한 활성도를 보였다. Creatine kinase는 2, 4 Gy 방사선 조사후 혈액내에서 활성도에서 활성도가 72시간까지 증가하였으나 0.1, 0.25Gy, 0.5 Gy 방사선 조사시에는 커다란 변화를 보이지 않았다. 2) Malate dehydrogenase 활성도는 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 Gy 방사선 조사시에는 커다란 변화가 없었으며 lactate dehydrogenase는 방사선 조사후 활성도가 감소하였다. 3) GOT의 활성도는 선량률 0.1Gy/min.로 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4 Gy 조사후에는 어떠한 변화도 없었으며 선량률 0.5 Gy/sec.로 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7 Gy로 조사후에는 증가현상을 보이고 있다. Acid phosphatase 활성도는 상기의 어떠한 선량에서도 나타나지 않고 있다. 잠재적으로 이러한 효소들은 방사선 피폭의 지표물질로 사용될 수 있으며 생화학적 지식과 기술을 이용한 좀더 나은 지표물질을 찾기 위하여 계속적인 조사가 필요하다. Enzyme activity changes in rat blood as biochemical indicator useful for evaluating exposure dose were experimentally studied. The experimental results obtained are as follows: 1) Alkaline phosphatase activities increased in the blood serum until 24 hours after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2 and 4 Gy irradiation and its activities returned mormal condition after 72 hours of post-irradiation. Creatine kinase activities increased in the blood serum until 72 hours after 2 and 4 Gy irradiation but any significant activity changes were not detected after 0.1, 0.25 Gy irradiation. 2) Malate dehydrogenase activities did not reveal available changes changes after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 Gy irradiation and lactate dehydrogenase activities decreased in the blood serum after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 Gy irradiation. 3) Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity changes were detected in the blood serum after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4 Gy(0.1 Gy/min.) and GOT activities increased after 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7 Gy(0.5 Gy/sec.). Any acid phosphatase activities were detected in the blood serum after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4 Gy(0.1 Gy/min.) and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7 Gy(0.5 Gy/sec.) irradiation. Potentially some of these enzymes can be used as indicator protein for radiation injury. Futher investigation is needed to find better biochemical indicatiors utilizing recent knowledge and techniques of biochemistry.

경구개법 또는 내시경하 비내 접근법으로 치료한 비인강 혈관 섬유종 3예

김진국,이민우,강성호,남태욱,김재영 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2001 건국의과학학술지 Vol.11 No.-

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is uncommon, histologically benign vascular tumor that occurs almost exclusively in adolescent males. It is clinically malignant because it has propensity for locally destructive growth and fatal hemorrhage. Treatment of angiofibroma is controversial. The two major treatment modality are surgery and radiation. Adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy or embolization can be used as well. We experienced three cases of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma that was resected by transpalatine and endoscopic endonasal approach with good result. So, we report these with review of literature.

유기용제에 장기간 폭로된 근로자의 정신의학적 기능과 삶의 질

김석재,강순아,유지숙,국승희,윤진상,문재동,이형영 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.5

연구목적: 본 연구는 Y공단의 제조공정에서 저농도의 유기용제(solvent)에 장기간 노출된 근로자의 정신의학적 기능과 삶의 질을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 총 142명의 남성근로자 중 유기용제에 폭로된 군(이하 폭로군) 82명과 폭로되지 않는 군(이하 비폭로군) 60명에게 간이정신진단검사(Symptom Checklist-90-R, SCL-90-R), 인지 및 정신운동성검사 (Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold. CFFT; Choice Reaction Time, CRT;Compensatory Tracking Task, CTT;Digit-Symbol Substitution, DDS) 및 한국판 스미스클라인 비챰 삶의 질 척도(Korean version of the SmithKline Beecham 'Quality of Life' Scale, KvSBQOL) 등을 적용하였다. 두 군간의 비교는 평가치의 평균에 대해 t-검증을 하였고 또한 연령과 학력을 공변인으로한 공변량분석(ANCOVA)을 하였다. 결과: SCL-90-R의 9개 증상 차원과 3개 전체 지표 점수는 두 군이 각각 정상범위였다. 그러나 신체화 (Somatization, SOM), 우울(Depression, DEP), 적대감(Hostility, HOS), 공포불안(Phobic anx-iety, PHOB)의 증상차원과 전체심도지수(Global Severity Index, GSI), 표출증상합계(Positive Symptom Total, PST)의 전체 지표는 폭로군이 비폭로군보다 유의하게 높았다. 인지 및 정신운동성 검사와 삶의 질은 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: 이상의 결과는 유기용제가 허용치 이하일지라도 장기간 폭로되는 경우에는 정신의학적 문제를 다소 일으킬 수 있음을 시사하였다. 중심단어:유기용제·근로자·정신건강·정신운동성 기능·삶의 질. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychiatric function and quality of life of the chemical workers who had been exposed to long-term, low-level organic solvents in the Y industrial complex. Method: A total of 144 male workers, of whom 82 were in the exposed group and 60 in the unexposed-control group, were evaluated by using Symptom Checklist-90-R(SCL-90-R), series of neuropsychological tests(critical flicker fusion threshold, CFFT) ; choice reaction time, CRT ; compensatory tracking task, CTT) ; digit symbol substitution test, DSS), and the Korean version of the SmithKline Beecham Quality Of Life scale(KvSBQOL). For the statistical analyses, comparisons of the means of the two groups were performed for each variable with two-tailed t-test as well as ANCOVA including age and education as covariates. Results: For the SCL-90-R, the nine symptom scales and the three global indices were clinically within normal range in both groups. However, the scores on the symptom scales of 'somatization','depression','hostility' and 'phobic anxiety', and those on the global indices of 'global severity index' and 'positive symptom total', were significantly higher in the exposed group than in the unexposed group. In terms of the neuropsychological function and the quality of life, there wes no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the long-term eposure to mixed organic solvents, even at the low level below the permissible exposure limit, might induce some psychiatric problems. KEY WORDS: Organic solvent·Worker·Mental health·Psychomotor function·Quality of life.

중량물 운반시 잡기유형에 따른 근전도 분석

이훈식,강영택,윤양진,정미라,유국종,서국웅,김정태 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1999 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine EMG changes of the body according to method the holding during carrying object. The experiments were conducted with utilizing EMG analyses for five male and five female adults as subjects. The results were as followed. 1. The higher muscle action potential of vertical holding was shown than that of right holding when carrying objects in MMH work in proportion to the weight of the object. The came from the subjects using their brachial muscles much to maintain the angles of their wrist joints and elbow joints for keeping their stable postures while walking. 2. The higher muscle action potential of right holding was shown in right and left elector-muscles of their spines(L1-L2, L4-L5) while carrying in all stages of weights except 25kg objects than that of vertical holding. These results were caused from more use of brachial muscles than elector-muscles of spines in carrying weight objects. So vertical holding is more effective in carrying weight objects at a short distance than right holding.

골내 고정 장치용 초내식성 오스테나이트 및 듀플렉스 스테인리스강 가공재의 특성

오근택,강국진,박용수,김경남 大韓齒科器材學會 2003 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Nickel is one of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis and hypersensitivity. In case of stainless steel as biomaterials, the higher the corrosion resistance and the lower the nickel content, the better it is or the human body. However, because nickel plays an essential role in the stabilization of the austenitic phase and the corrosion resistance of stainless steel, it is difficult to remove the nickel from the constituents of stainless steels completely. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate corrosion resistance, cytotoxicity, and mechanical property of super stainless steels, which had high corrosion resistance by synergistic effect of Mo(or W) and N, with respect to nickel content and to evaluate their potential for orthodontic applications. Super austenitic stainless steel(SR-50A) had high nickel content of 22% and super duplex stainless steels nickel contents of 6~10%. Super austenitic and duplex stainless steels had nitrogen contents of above 0.2%. Also, these steels had high Mo or W contents which were able to increase the localized corrosion resistance. In terms of hardness, super stainless steels, which had Vickers hardness values of 374~400 Hv in cold-rolled state and 186~285 Hv in annealed state, exhibited higher values than 316L S. S.. Duplex stainless steels exhibited higher mechanical properties than austenitic stainless steels. In terms of corrosion resistance, super stainless steels exhibited lower passive current density(2.3~3.8 ㎂/cm^2) than pure Ti(6.6㎂/cm^2) in the body-simulated solution and similar potentiodynamic polarization behaviors. Pitting corrosion occurred in 316L S. S. but not in the others. Thus these steels were considered to have high corrosion resistance in the human body. In terms of cytotoxicity, SR-5OA and SAF2507 exhibited none cytotoxicity and the others slight. This results indicated that the cytotoxicity of alloys containing nickel had no relation with nickel content because SR-5OA with the highest nickel content exhibited none cytetoxicity In conclusion, it is considered that super stainless steels with high corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility can be used for orthodontic applications because of the enhanced passive film by high addition of Mo, W, N, etc.

충수 절제술후 합병증을 감소시키기 위한 연구

박혁수,심명석,강진국 대한대장항문학회 1997 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.13 No.3