조선 유학자들의 서예인식에 관한 연구

장지훈(Jang, Ji-hoon) 한국양명학회 2018 陽明學 Vol.0 No.49

본고는 조선 유학자들의 학문성향과 서예인식의 관련성을 조명한 글이다. 즉, 학문사상적 관점에 따른 서예본질에 대한 이해와, 그러한 인식을 바탕으로 지향하는 서예심미관은 무엇인지 고찰하였다. 조선의 道學者는 서예를 理氣心性論과 연계지어 이해한다. 퇴계 이황은 성리학적 심성론에 기인하여 궁극적으로 ‘敬’의 자세로 일관하면서 유가의 도통관인 心法을 서예의 본질로 상정했다. 우암 송시열 또한 서예의 心法을 본질로 삼으면서도, 心法을 구현하는 심미관을 ‘直’에 두었다. 도학자들은 대체로 서예는 心法의 구현임을 인식함으로써 결과적으로 人正則書正의 윤리적 서예관을 형성하였다. 조선의 實學者는 서예를 우주론적 관점에서 易理的으로 이해하거나, 사실주의 정신에 입각하여 自得, 實心, 眞등과 연계지어 인식한다. 옥동 이서 는 퇴계의 서예관을 계승하면서도 서예의 본질을 『周易』의 관점에서 형이상학적으로 접근한다. 이계 홍양호는 貴古淺今의 사유에서 벗어나 易理로써 서예의 본질을 이해하고, 이를 통해 善變을 도모한다. 박지원 또한 變易의 사고를 바탕으로 서예는 習俗을 벗어나 자기만의 새로운 형식과 감성의 표현임을 인식했다. 다산 정약용은 서화에 있어서 지나치게 이상적이고 관념적 풍조를 병폐로 여기고, 원형에 대한 사실적인 표현과 시대정신을 담아낼 것을 강조한다. 이러한 실학자들의 서예인식은 기존의 理중심적 심미관에서 氣중심적 심미관으로 전향된 것이라 하겠다. 조선의 陽明學者는 학문의 근원을 良知에 두고, 서예에서 주체적인 心의 발현을 강조한다. 원교 이광사는 기존의 도덕적 心法에서 벗어나, 서예란 자기진정의 眞法을 구현하는 것임을 천명했다. 한편 老莊的사유를 견지한 창암 이삼만은 서예란 모든 法의 극치를 넘은 無法의 단계, 즉 自得의 절대자유 경지를 지향하는 것으로 보았다. 이러한 양명심학·노장적 사유는 기존에 지배적이었던 윤리적 서예인식에서 이미 벗어나 眞情主義심미관을 지향하는 것이라 하겠다. 이처럼 조선 유학자들은 학문사상과 서예를 연계지어 이해함으로써 서예의 윤리성·예술성에 대한 다양한 견해를 피력하였다. 이를 통해 조선의 서예가 획일화되지 않고 다양한 인식과 심미관을 전개해왔다는 점을 확인할 수 있다. This article illuminates the relevance of the academic propensity of Korean Confucian scholars and the recognition of calligraphy. In other words, I understood what the calligraphic essence of the calligraphic viewpoint is and the calligraphic aesthetics of the calligraphy based on that perception. The scholars of the Joseon dynasty understand calligraphy in conjunction with the theory of mind and mind. Due to the neo-philosophical theory, Toegye Lee Hwang has assumed the essence of calligraphy, which is the conduit of Yuga, which is ultimately consistent with the attitude of “respect”. Wuam Song Cheol also puts the essence of calligraphy as its essence, while putting the aesthetics that embody the essence into a ‘straight’. The doctors generally recognized that calligraphy was the embodiment of the law of mind, and as a result, they formed the ethical calligraphy of the people’s righteous sentence. The practitioners of Joseon recognize calligraphy from a cosmological point of view as a philosophical point of view, or in connection with self-interest, essence, and truth based on realistic spirit. Although Okdong Isa succeeded the calligrapher of Toegye, he approaches the essence of calligraphy in a metaphysical way in terms of 『周易』. Leegye Hong Yang-ho is able to understand the essence of calligraphy as a reason for deviating from the thought of the present. Park Ji-won also recognized that calligraphy is a new form of expression and emotional expression based on the thought of mutation. Dasan Jung Yak-yong emphasizes overly idealistic and ideological trends in the paintings as a sickness and a realistic expression of the original and the spirit of the times. The calligraphers’ perception of calligraphy has been shifted from the existing science-centered aesthetics to the energy-centered aesthetics. The Yangmyung scholar of Joseon places the source of learning in good conscience and emphasizes the manifestation of subjective mind in calligraphy. Lee Kwang-sa stated that calligraphy is a realization of the true law of self-calmness. On the other hand, Chanam Lee Sam-man, who maintained the old-fashioned reason, regarded the calligraphy as the absolute level of selflessness which is beyond the extreme of all laws. Such a bilingual study. It is said that the tentative reason is to deviate already from the prevailing ethical calligraphy recognition and to aim for the emotionalism aesthetic. In this way, Joseon Confucian scholars can understand the ethics of calligraphy by linking academic thought and calligraphy. Expressed various views of artistry. Through this, it can be seen that Korean calligraphers have not developed uniformity but developed various perceptions and aesthetics.

조선후기 문인들의 상예적(尙藝的) 서예미학

장지훈 ( Jang Ji Hoon ) 한국동양예술학회 2021 동양예술 Vol.50 No.-

Seongjeong, Cheongi, and the Holy Spirit, which emerged in the late Joseon Dynasty, were literary ideologies that supported freedom and individuality by advancing from ideas such as traditional self-reliance. It was formed under the influence of Wang Yang-myeong's Simhak(心學), which opposed the normative and rationalized willism of self-reliance and emphasized personal independence and individual aesthetic sensitivity. This style of literary art deepened self-complacency(自得) in the first half of literature The reason for the psychological aesthetics was to pursue a more free, individual, subjective and creative art from past traditions and regulations. For these reasons, there was no reason to follow existing notions unless the identity of art was lost. Therefore, calligraphy rejected the existence and reproduction of objective norms, and reinterpreted and reconstructed text to strengthen the tendency of self-discipline and creation. Thus, in the late Joseon Dynasty, calligraphy was recognized as a self-complacency, and the activities of seeking and creating the essence of calligraphy began to stand out. The writers of the late Joseon Period took a purely artistic approach rather than the practical and ethical aspects of calligraphy, leading to various aesthetics and creation. It was intended to advance from the Zhujianic calligraphy to the mid-term to explore the true calligraphy of Joseon. In addition, there was a strong sense that one should change from thinking and practice without sticking to existing rules of beauty and creation. Therefore, he focused his attention on discovering the essence of calligraphy, reflecting on the spirit of the times, and focusing on the practice of change and self-complacency. Park Ji-won's discussion of create a new one based on the old one(法古創新) and Lee Kwang-sa's discussion of a living thing(活物) were all the products of the consciousness to pursue artistic achievement through the living calligraphy of the era. The open reasons of the late Joseon Period greatly influenced the scholarship and artistic spirit of calligraphers, resulting in a variety of calligraphy theories and creation. Thus, the philosophical analysis and academic exploration of calligraphy essence intensified, not the passive approach of calligraphy, which was regarded only as a formative or trivial talent. This was the result of the recognition of calligraphy not as leisure but as academic and artistic dimensions. As a result, calligraphy in Joseon was more mature in character and style, and the artistic aspects of calligraphy were emphasized more.

성장기 아동의 single tooth scissors bite의 교정 치료: 증례 보고

김지인,현홍근,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,한세현,김종철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

A scissors bite in the posterior teeth occurs when the upper teeth are positioned totally buccal to the lower teeth in centric occlusion, either unilaterally or bilaterally. This malocclusion can result from either excessive width of the maxilla or deficient width of the mandible, or sometimes combination of the both. Scissors bite, when left untreated without a proper dental intervention, interferes with the normal mandibular growth leading to a state where consequent disharmony in dental arch width evokes occlusal disturbances. Therefore, early preventive orthodontic treatment is necessary in patients with scissors bite. Scissors bite rarely involves anterior and posterior sites concuttently across the dental arch but usually affect single tooth. Even in the single tooth scissors bite cases, more likely to be met in the clinical fields, immediate dental intervention is indicated because continuous occlusal forces that exacerbate the already adverse axis of the posterior teeth. In this case study, patients with single tooth scissors bite, each 7, 14, 12, and 16 years old, were each treated with criss-cross elastic, fixed appliance, removable appliance, and miniscrews. With the proper selection of appliances appropriate to each specific cases, good treatment outcome can be achieved without resulting any side effects. 중심교합위의 상태에서 편측 혹은 양측으로 상악 구치부의 치아가 하악 구치부의 협측으로 위치한 경우를 scissors bite라 고 한다. 이는 상악의 폭경이 크거나 하악의 폭경이 좁은 경우 발생한다. Scissors bite의 경우 방치하게 되면 하악의 성장이 방해받게 되고 그 결과, 악궁 폭경의 부조화가 심해져 저작 장애를 일으킬 수 있으므로 조기 차단 교정이 반드시 필요하다. 실제 임상에서는 여러 치아의 scissors bite보다 최후방 구치 혹은 그 외 하나의 구치만의 single tooth scissors bite(STSB)을 보이는 경우가 많다. 이러한 STSB의 경우도 방치하게 되면 저작력으로 인하여 구치의 각도가 더욱 악화되므로 즉각적인 치료가 필요하다. 본 증례에서는 STSB를 보이는 7세, 14세, 12세, 16세의 환자에게 각각 criss-cross elastic, 고정성 장치, 가철성 장치, miniscrew를 사용하여 치료한 증례를 보고하였다. 각 환자의 증례에 적합한 장치를 잘 선택하여 사용한다면 치아를 정출시키는 등의 부작용을 야기하지 않고 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다

Flavobacterium meningosepticum에 의한 균혈증 1예

장성원,유진홍,진승원,김선우,김연식,박순민,이대훈,최민호,최주연,신완식,강문원,강지민 대한화학요법학회 1997 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.15 No.1

1996년 6월 카톨릭대학교 부천성가병원에 뇌경색으로 입원했던 61세 남자 환자의 혈액에서 Flavobacterium meningosepticum을 분리하였다. 환자는 폐렴을 동반한 패혈증의 예로 ceftriaxone과 metronidazole을 투여하였으나 입원 48시간만에 사망하였다. Flabovacterium meningosepticum is a rae cause of nosocomial infection which shows multi-drug resistance. It mainly invades patients with impaired immunity. Recently, we experienced a case of F. meningosepticum bacteremia in a patient with chronic debilitated state owing to stroke. The clinical progress was so rapid that he died within 48 hours. Blood culture revealed F. meningosepticum which showed characteristic yellow colony in blood agar plate.

상악 제2유구치와 상악 제1대구치의 치관 형태: 치아계측학적 연구

김지인,현홍근,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,한세현,김종철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

The basic structure of the primary crowns usually resemble their succeeding permanent teeth. However, maxillary second primary molars resemble ipsilateral first permanent molars. Accordingly in this study, odontometric data of the two teeth was obtained, then analyzed to verify the morphological relationship and sex difference between the two teeth. Dental study casts were examined for their mesiodistal and buccolingual width of the crowns, diameter of each cusps, and intercuspal distances. Photographs of the crowns were taken to measure the angles between each cusp tip. The results are as follows : 1. In boys, PrI, PaI, DBC angle, and MBC angle did not show any statistically significant difference between the two teeth(p>0.05), and moderate level of correlations were observed. 2. In girls, crown index, DBC angle, and MBC angle of the two teeth did not show any statistically significant difference(p>0.05), and moderate level of correlations were recognized. 3. Measurements that did not show statistically significant difference between the two teeth in both boys and girls were DBC angle and MBC angle(p>0.05). In DLC angle, however, statistically significant difference was observed(p<0.01). 4. Most of the measurements showed sex differences, except DBC angle, which did not show any sex difference in both teeth(p>0.05). 유치 치관의 기본적인 구조는 대개 계승 영구치를 닮는다. 그러나 제2유구치는 계승 영구치인 제2소구치보다 오히려 제1대 구치와 더 유사한 경향이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 한국인에서 상악 제2유구치와 제1대구치의 치아계측학적 자료(odontometric data)를 얻어 두 치아의 형태와 크기 사이의 연관성을 살펴보고, 나아가 남녀간의 차이점 유무를 고찰해 보고자 하였다. 남아 150명, 여아 150명 총 300명의 모형을 이용하여 상악 제2유구치와 상악 제1대구치의 근원심 치관 폭경, 협설측 치관 폭경, 각 교두의 직경, 교두정간 거리를 계측하였고, 치관의 교합면 사진을 촬영하여 각 교두정 사이의 각도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 남아에서 Protocone index, Paraconeindex, Distobuccal cusp(DBC)각, Mesiobuccal cusp(MBC)각은 상악 제1대 구치와 제2유구치 사이에 통계적 유의차가 관찰되지 않았고(p>0.05), 중등도의 상관관계가 확인되었다. 2. 여아에서 crown index, Distobuccal cusp(DBC)각, Mesiobuccal cusp(MBC)각은 상악 제1대구치와 제2유구치 사 이에 통계적 유의차가 관찰되지 않았고(p>0.05), 중등도의 상관관계가 확인되었다. 3. 남, 여 모두에서 Distobuccal cusp(DBC)각, Mesiobuccal cusp(MBC)각은 두 치아 사이에 유의할만한 차이를 보이 지 않았고(p>0.05), Distolingual cusp(DLC)각에서는 통계적 유의차가 관찰되었다(p<0.01). 4. 대부분의 계측치에서 남녀 차이를 나타냈지만, Distobuccal cusp (DBC)각은 상악 제1대구치와 제2유구치 모두에서 남녀 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05).

원예활동 유형이 유아의 사회성과 창의성 발달에 미치는 영향

장지나ᆞ민병훈ᆞ정해준 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 2012 自然科學論文集 Vol.23 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of horticultural activity types on the development of young children's sociality and creativity. The experimental unit consisted of the experimental group A and B of 26 children, respectively, who are in P University Kindergarten and control group of 26 who are in G kindergarten. They were 5 years old in the same area. The experimental group A was provided a horticultural program for growing plant and group B, for creating. The programs for group A and B were taken twice a week, total 14 times, and standard curriculum for control group was provided at C kindergarten. As of the results, the group A significantly increased the level of sociality compared to the control group, and the group B was significantly increased the level of creativity compared to the control group.

기-액흐름 연속누출에 의한 개방공간 증기운 폭발사고를 중심으로 중,소규모 사업장을 위한 사고 영향평가 방법

장서일,이헌창,조지훈,김태옥 한국산업안전학회 2003 한국안전학회지 Vol.18 No.1

For the unconfined vapor cloud explosion(UVCE) accident by the continuous release of gas-liquid flow of various saturated liquids in a vessel at ground level, overpressures were estimated by TNT equivalency model with two estimation methods, such as UVCE Ⅰ model based on a constant release time and UVCEⅡ model based on a real travel time of vapor by dispersion and analyzed with various release conditions. As a simulation result, the simple, easy, and correct method of evaluation of consequences of the UVCE accident was proposed by using consequences of UVCEⅠ model and correlation equations for differences of overpressures between UVCE models, so that this evaluation method could be used easily in the small and medium size enterprises without using the dispersion model.

신경섬유종증 환자에게서 발생한 특발성 혈소판 감소증 1예

권세훈,김형호,강지인,장재혁,원경준,장재현,김상용,배학연 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.3

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a disease characterized by thrombocytopenia in peripheral blood with positive anti-platelet antibody titer, no splenomegaly, the presence of megakarocyte. The causes of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were usually related to autoimmune disease, infection and drugs. A 46-years-old man was admitted for evaluation of abdominal mass. He has many cafe-au-lait spots and nodules in almost skin for 30 years. Several years ago, he palpated mass in Lt. inguinal area. hIe has known the abdominal mass after checking abdomen CT in local clinic and visited our hospital for evaluation of abdominal mass. At admission, laboratory tests showed hemoglobin 12.5 g/dL, hematocrit 38.4 %, WBC 5,460 /㎣ (neutrophil 64.5%, lymphocyte 21.7%, monocyte 4.1%, eosinophil 5.4%), reticulocyte 0.7%, Platelet 52,000 /㎣, total protein 6.51 g/dL, albumin 3.80 g/dL, alkaline pohsphatase 161 IU/L, AST 110.7 IU/L, ALT 64.9 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.44 ㎎/dL, BUN 18.4 ㎎/dL, creatinine 0.79 ㎎/dL. Peripheral blood smear showed normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration smear showed normoplastic myeloid and erythroid precursor. The bone marrow biopsy section shows normocellular marrow (35%) for his age and mildly increasing myeloid cell lineage. We have experienced a case of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient being in neurofibromatosis and therefore reporting it with documentary records. 저자들은 신경섬유종증 환자에서 특별한 원인을 발견할 수 없었음에도 특발성 혈소판 감소증이 발생한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

혈액투석 환자에게서 발생한 재생불량성 빈혈 1예

정지용,윤나라,강대웅,오종찬,장재현,선길홍,박경희,정종훈,김현리 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1

Aplastic anemia is a disease characterized by pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and hypocellular bone marrow with the fatty infiltration. The causes of the acquired aplastic anemia were usually related to drugs and immune-related diseases. A 34-years old man was admitted due to general weakness. He has been going hemodialysis for 2 years because of end stage renal disease (ESRD) due to chronic glomerulonephritis. At admission, laboratory tests showed hemoglobin 6.2 g/dL, hematocrit 18.0 %, WBC 5,710mm (neutrophil 71.8%, lymphocyte 19.1%, monocyte 5.9%), reticulocyte 1.9%, platelet 93,000/mm, Fe 12.8 ug/dL, TIBC 204 ug/dL, ferritin 941.47 ng /ml, haptoglobin 0.72 g/L, vitamin B12 508.17 pmol/L, folate 24 ng/mL, total protein 6.54 g/dL, albumin 3.76 g/dL, Alk. pohsphatase 79 IU/L, AST 30.0 IU/L, ALT 39.7 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.57 mg/dl, BUN 79.4 mg/dl and creatinine 10.18 mg/dl. Peripheral blood smear showed the normocytic normochromic anemia with anisocytosis. Anemia was diagnosed but it was irresponsive to the recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) and blood transfusion. In the bone marrow aspiration smear were there the hypoplastic myeloid and erythroid precursors. The bone marrow biopsy section showed the hypoplasia of all components (10-20%) and the fatty infiltration. We have experienced one case of the idiopathic aplastic anemia in a patient going through hemodialysis and we just report it with documentary records. 저자들은 혈액 투석 중인 환자에서 약물, 면역계 이상등의 원인을 발견할 수 없었음에도 재생 불량성 빈혈이 발생한 1예를 경험하여 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

여수국가산업단지 인근 지역 대기오염물질 농도에 영향을 미치는 요인분석

김민영,변정훈,이영훈,이건영,한지은,이예림,임지현,장봉기 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2022 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.28 No.1,2

Eight monitoring stations in the Yeosu National Industrial Complex will determine the concentration of air pollutants measured every hour in 2019, analyze what factors affect them, and how they correlate with the air pollutant measurements. Six air pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, CO, PM-10 and PM-2.5) measured at eight monitoring stations around Yeosu National Industrial Complex (Seogang-dong, Wolnae-dong, Munsu-dong, Yeocheon-dong, Deokchung-dong, Hwayang-myeon, Yulchon-myeon, Samil-dong) the measurement data for each hour of the year were downloaded to analyze the concentration by weather condition, time zone, season, separation distance from Yeosu Industrial Complex, and separation distance from Gwangyang Industrial Complex. SO2, NO2, and CO concentrations were significantly higher in winter, significantly lower in summer, and O3, PM-10, and PM-2.5 concentrations were significantly higher in spring. SO2, CO, PM-10, and PM-2.5 concentrations were significantly higher between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m., NO2 concentrations were significantly higher between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m., and O3 concentrations were significantly higher between 13 p.m. and 15 p.m.(p<0.001). The concentration of air pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, PM-10, PM-2.5) excluding O3 was found to have a negative (-) correlation with weather condition, and in the case of O3, it was found to have a positive (+) correlation with PM-10, PM-2.5, temperature and wind speed. It was confirmed that the concentration of air pollutants emitted from the Yeosu National Industrial Complex differs depending on the season, time and distance to the industrial complex. This study aims to establish measures to minimize health damage to residents living relatively close to the industrial complex and contribute to the establishment of management and response measures according to the properties of substances to reduce the concentration of air pollutants in the future.