The Butanol Fraction of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Scavenges Free Radicals and Attenuates Oxidative Stress

Hyun Young Kim,Seung Mi Sin,Sanghyun Lee,Kye Man Cho,Eun Ju Cho 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.18 No.1

To investigate radical scavenging effects and protective activities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) against oxidative stress, in vitro and a cellular system using LLC-PK₁ renal epithelial cells were used in this study. The butanol (BuOH) fraction of bitter melon scavenged 63.4% and 87.1% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at concentrations of 250 and 500 ㎍/mL, respectively. In addition, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon effectively scavenged hydroxyl radicals (ㆍOH). At all concentrations tested, the scavenging activity of the BuOH fraction was more potent than that of the positive control, ascorbic acid. Furthermore, under the LLC-PK₁ cellular model, the cells showed a decline in viability and an increase in lipid peroxidation through oxidative stress induced by pyrogallol, a generator of superoxide anion (O₂^-). However, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon significantly and dose-dependently inhibited cytotoxicity. In addition, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a generator of peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) formed by simultaneous releases of nitric oxide and O₂^-, caused cytotoxicity in the LLC-PK₁ cells while the BuOH fraction of bitter melon ameliorated oxidative damage induced by ONOO^-. These results indicate that BuOH fraction of bitter melon has protective activities against oxidative damage induced by free radicals.

The Butanol Fraction of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Scavenges Free Radicals and Attenuates Oxidative Stress

Kim, Hyun Young,Sin, Seung Mi,Lee, Sanghyun,Cho, Kye Man,Cho, Eun Ju The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2013 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.18 No.1

To investigate radical scavenging effects and protective activities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) against oxidative stress, in vitro and a cellular system using LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cells were used in this study. The butanol (BuOH) fraction of bitter melon scavenged 63.4% and 87.1% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at concentrations of 250 and $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In addition, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon effectively scavenged hydroxyl radicals (${\cdot}OH$). At all concentrations tested, the scavenging activity of the BuOH fraction was more potent than that of the positive control, ascorbic acid. Furthermore, under the LLC-$PK_1$ cellular model, the cells showed a decline in viability and an increase in lipid peroxidation through oxidative stress induced by pyrogallol, a generator of superoxide anion ($O_2{^-}$). However, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon significantly and dose-dependently inhibited cytotoxicity. In addition, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a generator of peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) formed by simultaneous releases of nitric oxide and $O_2{^-}$, caused cytotoxicity in the LLC-$PK_1$ cells while the BuOH fraction of bitter melon ameliorated oxidative damage induced by $ONOO^-$. These results indicate that BuOH fraction of bitter melon has protective activities against oxidative damage induced by free radicals.

老齡者의 建康을 위한 生活習慣 實態調査

申東敏,長鳳愚,李揆文,金賢俊,金昌範,崔宗洙,崔鍾晥,李鍾珏,金圭碩,趙庚旭,金鍾聲,朴鍾振 平生體育硏究所 論文集 1987 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

With a view to examining the habit and method in which old people maintain and improve their health, we consulted 551 men and 444 women who were over 65 years old, and concluded as follows: 1. Habit of eating It's been revealed that most of the old people keep a regular eating hour, control the quantity of meal or eat a little food, and prefer vegetables to meat. 2. Mental health Old people feel the necessity for mental health and most of them (about 80%) keep good mental health without becoming pessimistic. Their chief concenrs have turned out to be about their sons and daughters and their own health and finance. 3. Managing Good Health It has been revelaed that old people do not possess any special kind of secret to keep good health but taking plenty of rest, regular meal, and proper exercise, and many of them (about 60%) have been shown to eat invigorant food that they can easily get around their living area. 4. Physical Functions It has been revealed that many old people are conscious of some symptoms about their parts of body and about to percent of them suffers from neuralgia. Some measures like medical aid especially for old people need to be taken as soon as possible. As we have found that the health-keeping method of old people consists plenty of rest, proper exercise, and appropriate nutrition, we can conclude that the recreatonal and culture facilities and programs for keeping old people in good health should be developed. It is also necessary to study food that contribute to their health and develop ways to get rid of the stresses to which they are exposed in their daily life. Presides, it is natural that government found an administrative department to deal with these matters effectively.

시스템 다이내믹스를 이용한 간호단위별 간호인력 산정에 관한 연구

김문실,성영희,권경자,김도형,김정아,신덕신,유인자,유재국,이현숙 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to forecast manpower by building the nursing manpower-staffing model(surgical-medical nursing unite). Method: The system dynamics approach was adapted to build a simulation model for calculating medical-surgical nursing manpower-staffing. The model was built up on Venism 5.0b DSS. Result: The results in the basic circumstance are in following. The level of nursing service quality, patientsatisfaction, and nurse job satisfaction maintains higher at medical-surgical nursing unit of the tertiary hospitals with the ratio of bed to nurse 2.5:1-3.0:1 than at any other situations. The level of nursing service quality, patient satisfaction, and nurse job satisfaction maintains higher at madical nursing unit of the secontary hospotals with the ratio of bed to nurse 3.0:1 and at surgical nursing unit of the secondary hospitals with the ratio of bed to nurse 3.0:1-3.5:1 than at any other situations in the fundamental from. The results in the simulation circumstance are in following, As author raises the operating rate of bed into 95-100%, and cut skilled nursing staff down, the level of nursing-service quality, patient satisfaction, and nurse job satisfaction drops slightly. Conclusion: In terms of economic efficiency on tertiary hospotals, the ratio of bed to nurse for the best reasonable medical-surgical nursing manpower-staffing is 3.0:1. In terms of economic efficiency on secondary hospitals, the ratio of bed to nurse for the best reasonable medical nursing manpower-staffing is 3.0:1 and surgical nursing manpower-staffing is 3.5:1

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

不織布의 構成條件에 따른 壓縮彈性의 變化에 관한 硏究

金泳錫,申鉉世 崇田大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.13 No.1

Lately, non-woven fabric is used for materials of industry, and the uses of the fabric are increasing continuously. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference of compressional properties in various structures of non-woven fabrics and is to research into the effective forming conditions to improve the quality of above fabric. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) If non-woven fabric has same packing factor, the works of compression and recovery are increasing proportionally by the increase of thickness. 2) If non-woven fabric has same thickness, compressibility is decreasing proportionally by the increase of packing factor. 3) The compressional properties of non-woven fabric are related deeply to the properties of composed fibres. The good compressional properties are obtained when composed fibre has a good elastic recovery. From the above results, it is recognized that suitable fibre, thickness and packing factor are very important conditions in manufacturing of non-owven fabric.

신규간호사와 프리셉터가 인지하는 프리셉터의 교수효율성 비교

김지양,김영선,김춘실,박현숙,신미영,윤연숙,조유숙,박미미,유문숙 한국간호과학회 간호행정학회 2009 간호행정학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare preceptors and new graduate nurses on their perception of preceptor teaching effectiveness. Methods: The participants were 90 new nurses and 90 preceptors who worked in A medical center. The data were collected from July 1 to September 30, 2008. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was done using a structured questionnaire. Results: New nurses' perception (4.07±.44) of the preceptor teaching effectiveness was significantly higher than perception of the preceptors (3.57±.37). Fifty five percent of new graduate nurses reported a lack of coherence in the preceptor's practice guidelines. For 5 causal factors classified on the teaching effectiveness, the factor of 'Professional knowledge and ability' showed the highest score, but 'Interpersonal and communication skill' got lowest score for both group. Preceptors responded that they did not have enough time to teach well because of their heavy workloads. Conclusions: These results suggest that the preceptors need appropriate compensation and education opportunities, and new graduate nurses need consistent education by the teaching professionals. Therefore, it is important to give preceptors full charge of the preceptorship. Also, it will be necessary to develop education programs to enhance interpersonal and communication skill for preceptors and new nurses.

학습자의 수준에 따라 개별화한 중학교 과학 코스웨어 연구

신현기,김재현 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1996 과학교육연구 Vol.27 No.1

본 연구에서는 중학교 2학년 과학 제Ⅰ단원 `물질의 구성` 중 제1절 `화합물과 원소`를 학습할 수 있는 코스웨어를 IBM-PC 컴퓨터와 GW-BASIC을 이용하여 개발하였다. 학습 수준이 서로 다른 세 가지 과정을 학습자가 스스로 선택하여 학습할 수 있도록 개발함으로써, 학습자의 수준에 맞는 개별 학습이 가능하도록 하였다. 그리고, 문제 풀이 시 학습자의 응답에 따라 각각 다른 피드백을 제공하였고, 학습 내용의 핵심을 강조하는 메시지에 의한 자극 제시 등을 통하여 학습 효화를 극대화할 수 있는 여러 가지 방안을 도입하여, 개별 학습의 효과를 높이도록 하였다. Courseware for science education is developed to instruct `The compounds and elements` of the unit 1 in the chapter Ⅰof the 2nd year of the middle school science text using IBM personal computer with GW-BASIC. This is consist of the three courses of different level with the same learning-contents to consider learner`s level. So, individualized-learning suitable to learner`s level can be realized. Also, when the learners solve the problems, this courseware offers each different reinforcement or reform feedbacks according to learner`s answer. And it offers stimulations by the message to emphasis learning point. Consequently, this can be utilized to more advanced individualized-instruction.

複素測度와 Signed測度에 關한 小考

申鉉千,金容泰 成均館大學校 1962 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

This thesis was devoted to some concepts generalizing the concept of the measure. More specifically, we considered signed measures (difference of two finite measures) and complex masures v'+iv" (where v' and v" are signed measures). Among the most important properties were the facts that the collection of all signed (or complex) measures was a real (or comple) Branch space, and that any (finite) limit of a converging sequence of signed (or complex) measures was a signed (or complex) measure. We proved in this thesis that there existed a one-one correspondence between the collection of all measures v, initially defined (and finite) on the semi-ring of all cells in R_1, and the collection of all functions g(x) on R_1, increasing on R_1 and vanishing at the origin. In addition, it was shown that v was Lebesgue absolutely continuous if and only if the corresponding g(x) was the integral (between o and x) of its derivative g'(x) . In the exercises one may find the Lebesgue decomposition theorem for an increasing function in its original version.

3-D 동작 분석 장치를 이용한 한국성인(20대, 30대)의 동작 범위에 관한 연구

임현균,김진호,박수찬,류신아,이영신 한국운동역학회 1998 한국운동역학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Devices, such as a goniometer, have been used to measure a human being's active range of motion, but interferences between subjects and testers have affected the result precision. In this study, 56 dynamic motion ranges were measured using a 3-D motion analysis system which is quite accurate (2mm error for 1m). The 3-D motion analysis system consists of VICON 140, data acquisition system, and data analysis program (KRISSMAS). 80 Korean subjects (40 males, 28±6.1 aged and 40 females, 28.4±6.9 aged) participated. Subjects were divided into 4 groups by Ro¨hrer's index based on National Anthropometric Survey of Korea 1997. Basic statistical analysis were performed using SPSS (ver. 8.0) programs after refining data. Various comparisons were performed for the right and left side, male and female, age groups (20's, 30's. and 40's-60's) using previous studies. The results show that female subjects have more flexible joints in the neck, hip, ankle, and wrist, while male subjects have more flexibility in their waist. But most of the significances were not high (>0.05). The prediction that the right side of Korean bodies would be mort flexible was not a good hypothesis. And the joints flexibilities are not correlated with Ro¨hrer's Index.