간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

발효 온도-시간 조합이 배추김치의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향

강정화,강선희,안은숙,유맹자,정희종 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

In order to examine the effect of the combination of fermented temperature and time on Baechu kimchi in a kimchi refrigerator, Baechu kimchi was fermented at four different modes of the fermentation temperature and time for 16 weeks and analyzed the properties of Baechu kimchi. The pH, Baechu kimchi fermented at 20℃ for 24 hours/stored at -1℃, decreased rapidly during first week and then decreased very slowly. The hardness and the chewiness of Baechu kimchi fermented at high temperature were higher and the values were decreased when the fermentation continued. In sensory evaluation, carbonated flavor in Baechu kimchi fermented at 20℃ for 24 hours/stored at -1℃ was the best after 4 weeks, and Baechu kimchi fermented at 5℃ for 3 days or 6 days/stored at -1℃ was the best after 8 weeks. The scores for sourness were the highest on 8 weeks and 12 weeks in kimchi fermented at 20℃ for 24hours/stored at -1℃ and 5℃ for 3 days or 6 days/stored at -1℃, respectively. Total microbial count was increased as the temperature of fermentation increased. Counts of Leuconostoc spp. reached to the highest after 6 days and counts of Lactobacillus spp. seached to the highest after 5 days in kimchi fermeted at 20℃ for 24 hours/stored at -1℃. From these results, it was concluded that it required 4 weeks to eat most edible Baechu kimchi in kimchi refrigerator 20℃ for 24 hours/stored at -1℃, and 8 weeks to eat edible Baeche kimchi refrigerator fermented at 5℃ for 3 days or 6 days/stored at -1℃.

발효 온도와 시간 조합을 달리한 총각김치의 품질 특성

강정화,강선희,안은숙,정희종 한국식생활문화학회 2003 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.18 No.6

To determine the conditions of the fermentation and storage for Chonggak kimchi refrigerator, prepared Chonggak kimchi took into kimchi refrigerators which were controlled at four different modes of the fermented temperature and time, and fermented and kept for 16 weeks. The pH in Chonggak kimchi fermented at 20℃ for 24 hours/stored at 01℃ dropped greater than all of kimchi fermented at other combinations, and the changes of pH at any combinations were not greater than those in Baechu kimchi, because pH in Chonggak kimchi did not dropped below 4.5. Acidities in Chonggak kimchi were greatly increased at higher temperature. The acidity in Chonggak kimchi during the first week of fermentation was lower than that in Baechu kimchi and then it was rather higher becuase of the addition of waxy rice paste. In texture, puncture force of Chonggak kimchi was decreased slowly until 8 weeks of fermentation and then did not changed much and the highest values showed in Chonggak kimchi stored directly at -1℃ without any fermentation. In sensory evaluation, the score for the carbonated flavor and the sourness were the highest in Chonggak kimchi fermented at 20℃ for 24 hours/stored at -1℃, but the lowest in Chonggak kimchi stored directly at -1℃ without any fermentation because of some undesirable flavors. The lowest hardness showed in Chonggak kimchi fermented at highest temperature and the best hardness was in Chonggak kimchi fermented at 5℃ for 3 days or 6 days/ stored at -1℃. The appearance was the best in Chonggak kimchi fermented at 20℃ for 24 hours/stored at -1℃ and the worst was in Chonggak kimchi stored directly at -1℃ without any fermentation. The overall acceptability of Chonggak kimchi fermented at 20℃ for 24 hours/stored at -1℃ was good after 4 weeks of fermentation, but in Chonggak kimchi fermented at 5℃ for 3 days or 6 days/stored at -1℃ it was food after 6 weeks. Total microbial counts in most of Chonggak kimchi were reached to a maximum number within 7 days, and then decreased similarly at all modes. Leuconostoc spp. and Lactobacillus spp. increased to maximum number of 1.48 10^(9) and 5.62 0^(9), respecively, in Chonggak kimchi fermented for 7 days. Yeast counts showed a increasing trend not depends on fermenting temperature and they were lower counts than those in Baschu kimchi. Waxy rice paste which added to Chonggak kimchi resulted in increasement of glucose as a carbon source and stimulated to reproduce the microbes in Chonggak kimchi.

남자대학생의 흡연태도와 행동에 관한 연구

강경진,김정미,민혜영,안소진,오경숙,은경희,이현,이희선,홍주미,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

There have been so many researches about problems of cigarettes and relation of smoking and heath since 1950's and generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor of increasing disease and mortality. No matter what such many proofs about various problems of smoking have been researched, smoking rate of current male collage students has not been decreased. Besides, most of the researches about cigarette use and its addiction have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers or adult male, not male collage student. Therefore, the subject of this study is about smoking attitude and smoking behavior of male collage students by general features. Smoking attitude was analyzed by modifying 'Guidelines for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population'(WHO, 1982). Two hundred of male collage students participated to the distributed questionnaire for one week in May. The smoking attitude was categorized into duration of smoking and number of cigarette per day(CPD), and nicotine dependency, investigated by Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire(FTQ) (Fagerstorm & Schneider, 1989). All statistics were performed by procedure of SAS according to number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking attitude level was mean 25.73±5.15 marks, ranging from 13 to 39 marks of the total 40 marks. 2. Duration of cigarettes, number of cigarette per day, and nicotine dependency were mean 5.14±2.84 years, 12.88±6.85 pieces, and 4.78±1.69, respectively. 3. Smoking attitude showed significance according to general features such as marital state and allowance, but the significance according to marital state is not valuable because the numerical difference is so big between married one and single that they cannot be compared with each other. 4. Duration of smoking was significant according to general features such as age and allowance. 5. Smoking amount showed significance the factors of age only. 6. ll1ere was no significance in nicotine dependency according to general features. As a result, smoking attitude of male collage student in this study shows moderate level. Smoking attitude and duration is significant according to allowance, and smoking amount is significant according to age. Nicotine dependency according to general features is not significant but comparing with the preceding study about adult male, male collage students in this study are respectively more nicotine-dependent than adult male smokers. In conclusion, the right allowance usage strategies and effective heath education focused on the young are needed. In addition, helpful programs and information spreading strategies are necessary for establishing higher level of smoking attitude. At last, systemic regulations in daily living for ""anti-nico-dependent"" and perspective reforming of male university student are needed for reducing nicotine dependency.

일부 대학생들의 성인건강 교육의 효과에 관한 연구

강희숙,조현 韓國學校保健學會 1995 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.8 No.1

Korea has been recently reducing the quality of life as well as rising medical cost because of the increase of chronic diseases. But we can prevent those chronic diseases through the improvement of environment or life sytle. We evaluated the educational effectiveness of chronic diseases (hypetention, diasbetes, cancer, stroke and other chronic diseases) designed to increase the knowledge, attitude and practice of chronic diseases among university students. Between August 1994 and November 1994, we implemented chronic diseases prevention instruction in intervention students; unmatched control students were selected in same university. We conducted pre- and post-intervention surveys both intervention and control students with self-reported questionnaires(50 items). We assigned score(0-4 points) to items and conducted a analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) with sex, grade and economic status as the covariate, using the SAS PC computer statistical package. And we culculated odds tation with safety scores between intervention and control students. The results of this study were followed. 1.In demographic characteristics of subjects both pre- and post intervention, we found no significant diffeerences in intervetion and control students at religion, father's education, mother's education, mother's occupation and type of residence(p>0.05), but we found significant differences at sex (p<0.001), grade(p<0.001) and economic status (p<0.005). 2. The sex, grade and economic status-adjusted mean prevention knowledge were below 1, the knowledge of intervention students were higher than control students. 3. The attitudes for general adult health increased from the pre- to post-survey in the intervention students(p<0.005), but control students did not increased(p>0.05). As odds ratios in attitudes were approximatedly 1, we can not say effectiveness in i9ntervention students 4. The pratices for cnacer and stroke increased from the pre- to post-survey in both the intervention and control students(p<0.001). Also odds ration of hypertention was 0.91, and that of stroke was 1.14. 5. Health related begaviors did not increased from the pre- to post- survey in both the intervention and control students(p>0.05). But odds ration of drinking was 0.76 and that of body weight was 1.21. 6. Health status did not increased form the pre- to post- survey in bhoth the intervention and control students(p>0.05). As odds ration of health status was 1.09, prevention education was not effect in intervention students We would like to recommend as followed ; 1. University students must learn about prevention of chromic diseases. Because the knowledge of invetervention students was higher than that of control students. 2. The prevention education of chronic diseases should be taught from primary school 3. Adult health education for university students must be practiced continuously. Education period(15 weeks) in this study was not complete. 4. The evaaluation of chronic diseases was conducted real measurement(such as BP check) as weel as self reported-survey. 5. Educational mateerials(video tape, pamphlet) related the prevention of chronic diseases should be developed at national level. And we must easely use those materials. 6. The prevention education of chronic diseases should be made through mass media as well as school education.

급성 심근허혈에 의해 윤발된 승모판 폐쇄부전의 기전에 관한 실험적 연구

강덕현,송현,송재관,김현숙,이재환,임희영,이재원,박성욱,박승정,송명근 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.8

발관리 교육프로그램이 노인 당뇨병 환자의 발관리 이행과 족부합병증에 미치는 효과

노영숙,전시자,권연숙,임미숙,심강희 노인간호학회 2007 노인간호학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Purpose : Diabetic foot complications are significant problems in diabetes mellitus and often result in lower extremity amputation. This study was conducted to verify the effects of foot care education on compliance with foot care and diabetic foot complications when the patient is an elder with diabetes. Method: A group pretest-posttest design was used to examine the effects of 6 months of foot care education with a group of 13 elders with diabetes. The major dependent variables including foot care compliance and diabetic foot complications were measured at the beginning and end of the treatment period to examine the effects of foot care education. Result : There were no significant differences in total foot care compliance scores and presence of diabetic foot complication after 6 months, Conclusion : Interventions involving problem based education and pursuing long-time effects may be more effective in implementing and sustaining improvements than just group education or one time interventions for elders with diabetes.

규칙적인 운동참여가 정신건강에 미치는 영향 : 경남지역 여성을 중심으로

이강헌,조희숙 창원대학교 체육과학연구소 1998 경남 체육연구 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구는 경남지역내 거주하는 30-50대 여성을 대상으로 규칙적으로 운동에 참여하는 사람과 운동에 참여하지 않는 사람의 연령별 정신건강과 생활만족도 그리고 건강상태지각이 어떻게 다른지를 규명하여 운동의 효과를 확인하려는 목적으로 실시되었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 정신건강 측정 도구는 간이정신진단검사인 SCL-90-R이었으며, 생활만족도는 자신의 현재 생활에 대하여 느끼는 만족의 정도를 4단계로 평정하였고 건강상태지각은 개인이 인식하는 주관적인 건강정도를 4단계로 평정하였다. 측정한 자료는 집단과 연령별로 분류하여 정신건강의 각 요인에 대한 평균과 표준편차를 산출하였고 평균차의 검증을 위하여 2원변량분석을 실시하였다. 생활만족도와 건강상태지각은 집단과 연령별로 분류하여 빈도와 비율을 산출하였다. 이상과 같은 방법으로 실시한 본 연구에서 도출한 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 규칙적인 운동에 참여하는 여성이 비참여 여성보다 정신건강의 모든 요인에 있어서 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 연령별 정신건강은 신체화 요인에 있어서 50대가 30-40대보다 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 다른 요인들은 연령간에 의미 있는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 규칙적으로 운동을 실시하는 여성들은 운동에 참여하지 않는 여성들에 비하여 현재의 생활에 대한 만족도가 높았으며, 연령별로는 40대 여성들이 가장 높은 생활만족도를 나타냈다. 4. 규칙적으로 운동을 실시하는 여성들은 운동에 참여하지 않는 여성들에 비하여 건강하다고 지각하는 비율이 높았으며, 연령별로는 40대 여성이 건강하다고 느끼는 성향이 높게 나타났다.

정신분열증환자의 발현몽의 특징에 관한 연구

최숙자,강민희 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1990 충남의대잡지 Vol.17 No.1

To examine the characteristics of the dreams of schizophrenia, especially on the aggressive and sexual impulse which reflect the weakening of the ego in the dreams, the author analyzed 88 dreams of schizophrenic patients and 97 dreams of the normal control. The result are as follows, 1. As to the categories of the dream ego's object. the rate of he dreams with human objects were lower in the dreams of male schizophrenic group. Same trends were found in the dreams of female schizophrenic group, it was statistically not significant. 2. As to the content of the dream ego's object, relatives appeared more frequently in the dreams of schizophrenia, and friends in the dreams of normal control. 3. Schizophrenic patients tended to have higher score in the Hostility scale than normal control group. 4. There were no significant difference in the rate of dreams with sexual contents between two group. 5. Depression and dysphoria, was frequent affects after dream in the normal control group.

유아 영재의 정서지능과 지능, 창의성과의 관련성 탐색

황희숙,강승희,윤소정 한국영유아보육학회 2004 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.37

The purposes of this study were: 1) to investigate developmental trends in young gifted children's emotional intelligence used the emotional intelligence rating scale for preschool children(Kim, 1998). 2) to investigate the relationship between young gifted children's emotional intelligence, intelligence and creativity. Subjects for this study were 36 young gifted children, 4 to 6 years of age. To analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence, intelligence and creativity, three instruments were used: The Emotional Intelligence Rating Scale for Preschool Children, The Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence(K-WPPSI) and Torrance Test of Creative Thinking(TTCT). The result from this study were as follows: First, significant age and gender differences were not found in emotional intelligence. Second, there were no significant differences between emotional intelligence and intelligence, and emotional intelligence and creativity.