현대정당의 중앙집권성과 당수(黨首)의 지도성 : 영국의 이대정당을 중심으로

이재환 단국대학교 법학연구소 1967 법학논총 Vol.8 No.1

대학 캠퍼스 주변 호프집, PC방, 당구장의 실내 PM2.5 농도를 통한 ETS 노출 수준 평가

이재환,박동욱,하권철 한국산업보건학회 2016 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the indoor level of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and to assess the implementation rate of smoke-free laws at hospitality venues around a university campus by measuring particulate matter smaller than 2.5 ㎛ (PM2.5) as an indicator of ETS. Materials and Methods: We measured indoor PM2.5 concentrations at 20 PC game rooms, 20 pubs, and 20 billiards halls using Sidepak AM510, a direct reading portable real time monitor, from October to December 2015. Results: Smoking was observed in 65% of the PC game rooms, 10% of pubs, and 85% of billiards halls. The average PM2.5 concentrations were 98.2 ㎍/㎥, 29.0 ㎍/㎥, and 134.2 ㎍/㎥ at PC game rooms, pubs, and billiards halls, respectively. PM2.5 concentrations in PC game rooms and billiards halls were 2 to 2.7 times higher than the 24-hour exposure standard for outdoor PM2.5 (50 ㎍/㎥) by the Ministry of Environment. Conclusions: Although a smoking ban has been implemented for PC rooms and pubs, smoking is still taking place in many of these places. More stringent legal action is required for successfully protecting patrons and workers from secondhand smoke exposure. A ban on smoking in billiards halls should be introduced as quickly as possible.

함안 성산산성 출토 문서목간과 力役 동원의 문서 행정

이재환 한국목간학회 2019 목간과 문자 Vol.0 No.22

This article attempts to interpret three wooden documents(Gaya2645, Gaya5598, Gaya1602) excavated from the Seongsansanseong Fortress in Haman. Some ideas to consider were also found in the process. I would like to see Gaya2645 as a document that reported to a higher administrative agency. It seems that the labourers for national service who were led by 智 一伐 have finished 60 day’s work and had to take turns with the new labourers that 走石 led, but 烏馮城 didn’t let them go back home, so 村主 of 馮城 看村 who has jurisdiction over their hometown, had to ask for their return. The role of 村主 and field manager dispatched on behalf of him is also seen in Gaya5598. In Gaya5598, field manager 伊毛罹 及伐尺 has examined the situation of the site and the workers, and announced that the shift period which was originally set at 60 days could be reduced to 30 days. Based on this, 村主 of 眞乃滅村 reported to 即尒智 大舍 and 下智 of 城 that it’s okay to prepare only 30 day’s food. Gaya1602 also shows that workers for national service were managed by their 村 in the field. This wooden document seems to be part of the books that recorded the present situation and increase/decrease of men(丁) by 村. It is also interesting that Gaya1602 was conscious of something else and left the top part and started writting down from the bottom part. It shows the possibility that several polyhedral wooden documents were used combined together, rather than being used solely. This gives a glimse of the new aspect of the wooden documents culture in Korean peninsula. 이 논문은 함안 성산산성에서 출토된 세 점의 문서목간, 가야2645와 가야5598, 가야1602에 대한 나름의 판독과 해석을 시도하고, 그 과정에서 얻은 몇 가지 생각해 볼 만한 거리들을 제시해 본 것이다. 가야2645는 원래 정해진 복역 기간 60일 동안 작업을 다 마치고 走石이 인솔하는 새로운 역역 동원자들과 교대해야 했을 智 一伐 휘하의 力役 동원자들을 烏馮城에서 보내주지 않자, 그들의 소속지인 馮城 看村主가 이러한 정황을 상위 행정단위에 보고하여 이들의 귀환을 요청한 문서로 파악하였다. 역역 동원에 있어서 村主와 그를 대신해 파견된 현장 담당자의 역할이 중요했음은 가야5598에서도 확인된다. 가야5598은 현장 담당자인 伊毛罹 及伐尺이 현장 및 인원 현황을 검토한 결과 이전에 결정되었던 교대 기간 60일을 30일로 줄일 수 있음을 고하자, 眞乃滅村主가 30일분의 식량만을 준비하면 된다고 城의 弥即尒智 大舍와 下智에게 보고한 문서로 보인다. 역역에 종사하는 인원들이 현장에서도 村別로 관리되는 정황은 가야1602에도 나타나고 있다. 이 목간은 村 단위로 丁의 현황과 증감을 기록한 장부의 일부로 판단된다. 나아가 가야1602는 다른 무언가를 의식하여 위쪽을 비워두고 아래쪽부터 서사하였다는 점에서, 다면목간도 단독으로서 완결성을 가지는 것이 아니라 여러 개가 함께 묶여서 활용되었을 가능성을 보여준다. 이를 통해 단독간에 기반하였다고 간주되어 왔던 한반도 목간 문화의 새로운 면모를 엿볼 수 있다.

완전히 혈전되었던 거대 뇌동맥류의 재소통 : 증례보고 Case Report

이재환,박현선,주진양,이규창 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.11

A case of recanalization of totally thrombosed giant aneurysm is reported. The authors describe a 18 year-old female who developed headache, vomiting, and intermittent diplopia with left side ptosis. The brain CT scan and MRI revealed a totally thrombosed giant aneurysm with acute and subacute hemorrhage, located anterior to the left suprasellar cistern. Angiographic finding was non-visualization of the left posterior cerebral artery distal to the P2 segment, and the neck of the aneurysm was not identified. Follow-up angiography taken one month later showed partial recanalization of the thrombosed aneurysm. A probable mechanism of growth, thrombosis, and recanalization. of the giant aneurysms are discussed.

실험계획법에 의한 최대 양항비의 접합날개 선정

이재환,김광원,허현우,김두만 한국항공우주학회 2011 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

접합날개는 앞날개와 뒷날개가 접합된 마름모 형태의 날개로써 날개 끝 와류를 감소시키는 유도항력 감소효과가 뛰어나며, 앞뒤 날개가 연결되어 일반날개에 비해 구조적으로 안정하여 항공기의 무게를 줄일 수 있다. 이러한 접합날개는 앞뒤 날개의 수평 및 수직거리가 양항력 특성에 직접적인 영향을 미친다. 따라서 본 논문은 최대의 양향비를 가지는 최적의 접합날개를 선정하기 위해서 앞뒤날개의 수평거리와 수직거리를 변수로 하여 실험계획법을 수행하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 최대의 양항비를 갖는 접합날개를 선정하였으며 수직거리와 수평거리에 따른 양항력 특성을 파악하였다. Joined-wing is special wing which are joined with similar size of front wing and rear wing. Shape of this wing is diamond shape. Joined-Wing can reduce wing tip vortex due to it's shape. In addition, Joined-wing has structural stability so it can design lighter aircraft than normal aircraft. There are two main factors which can influence aerodynamic character directly. One is a vertical gap between front wing and rear wing. The other is a horizontal gap between front wing and rear wing. In this research, we selected maximum Lift-Drag ratio Joined-Wing by DOE through these two factors. As a result, we could select maximum Lift-Drag ratio Joined-wing and analysis Joined-wing's aerodynamic character.

不規則要因으로 構成되는 鐵筋콘크리트 部材의 確率過程論에 의한 信賴解析에 關한 考察

李在煥,鄭哲源 조선대학교 국토개발연구소 1979 국토개발연구 Vol.1 No.1

This paper is a study on the reliability analysis of reinforced concrete menbers composed of various random elements by the theory of the stochastic process. Reliability analysis was performed by the theory of stochastic process when the strength and the working load of structural members were composed of serveral random elements. The results are as follows; 1) When the strength and the load were given as a function of random elements with a free distribution system, a formulation for calculating failure probability was derived according to the function form. 2) There are many difficult cases in ahich the equation derived from 1) cannot be applied, So an equation for approximate calculation of the failure probability with the extention situation of the stochastic process was derived. 3) Bu applying the equation derived from 2) to a single rectangular beam composed of the strength of reinforcement and concrete of which the random strength has a regular variable probability and the load has a function of random elements with the free distribution system, an equation was derived for calculating the failure probability of the beam. 4) By using the equation derived from 3), we analyized the reliability of the beam. The results are as follows; (1) It is necessary to take into account the probability of compressive failure in investigating the failure of the beam, and much care should be particularly taken when the coefficient of variation of the concrete strength is large. (2) The failure probability of beam with different steel ratio to concrete varies according to the value of variable codfficients of the strength of reinforcement and concrete. (3) The more influence the variation of strength has on the probability of failure, the larger the middle safety ratio becomes. (4) By this apporach of reliability analysis, the value of the failure probability of the atructure become larger as the lifetime of structure becomes longer. So, much attention should be given to the above three cases beamd whoch have a long lifetime.

신라 왕경 출토 목간의 재조사 결과와 과제

이재환 한국목간학회 2022 목간과 문자 Vol.- No.28

본고는 국립경주문화재연구소의 신규 사진 촬영에 기반한 신라 왕경 출토 목간의 재조사 결과와 조사 중 나타난 과제들을 정리한 것이다. 2011년 『韓國 木簡字典』에는 기존에 알려지지 않았던 안압지(현 동궁과 월지) 출토 목간들이 추가로 수록되었는데, 그 출현 전말이 밝혀져 있지 않았고 해당 목간들에 대한 학계의 관심도 거의 없었다. 이들은 2008년 국립경주문화재연구소에서 시료 상태로 관리되던 목제유물들을 재조사하여 찾아낸 것들임이 확인되었다. 한편 1978년 안압지 발굴조사보고서에서 정리된 목간들 중 3점의 현재 행방이 묘연해졌음을 알게 되었다. 이들을 다시 찾아내는 것은 앞으로의 과제가 될 것이다. 곧 간행될 자료집에 들어갈 새로 촬영된 고해상도 컬러 사진 및 적외선 사진들은 기존의 사진들보다 해상도가 높아 선명하며 보정 처리도 우수하여, 사진으로서의 질이 매우 높다. 단, 목간 자체의 상태 변화로 인하여 이전의 사진에서 보이던 묵흔이 잘 보이지 않게 된 경우들이 많았다. 더 이른 시기에 촬영된 『韓國의 古代木簡』 계통의 적외선 사진들은 여전히 판독에 있어 중요한 의미를 가진다. 그러나 해당 적외선 사진의 경우 나뭇결이나 흠집, 오염과 묵흔을 구별하기 어려울 정도로 보정이 과하게 들어가기도 하여 주의를 요한다. 판독을 위해서는 새로운 사진과 기존 사진들, 그리고 실물을 섬세하게 비교할 필요가 있다. 내용 상으로도 몇 가지 새로운 발견들이 있었다. 먼저 기존에 안압지 목간들에서 확인되어 주목받아 왔던 ‘洗宅’이라는 관부 혹은 관직명이 월성해자 목간 중에서도 판독될 가능성이 나타났다. 아울러 창녕 화왕산성 출토 목간과 전인용사지 출토 목간에 보이는 ‘龍王’이 안압지 출토 목간에서 추가로 확인되었다. 전황복사지 목간에 보이는 사찰명과 승려의 명칭을 ‘上[率]寺 廻談 沙弥’로 수정한 판독안이 제기되었다. 이 밖에도 새로운 목간 사진들에 기반하여 신라 왕경 목간에 대한 다양한 연구가 활성화될 것으로 기대된다.

日本의 災害對策 : 阪神大地震을 中心으로

李在煥 韓日問題硏究所 1995 韓日問題硏究 Vol.3 No.-

초음파를 이용한 치근단 역충전와동의 형성

이재환 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1997 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of cavity preparation and to determine the incidence of tooth crack and the degree of cavity cleanliness when root-end retrograde cavity preparation was done with ultrasonics. To evaluate the efficacy of cavity preparation and to investigate the incidence of tooth crack, 91 distobuccal root-ends of extracted human maxillary first molars were cut by 3 mm perpendicularly to the long axis of tooth using a slow speed diamond saw, retrocavities were prepared using a slow-speed no. 2 round bur as controls, and ultrasonic tips of power settings of 1 through 10 as experimentals. Time consumed and the number of strokes used for the cavity preparation were evaluated and the incidence of tooth cracks was observed under a stereomicroscope. To see the degree of cavity cleanliness, root resections were done on 20 extracted human maxillary central incisors after canal filling with gutta-percha, and retrocavities were prepared using a round bur as controls, and ultrasonic tips of power settings of 2 and 6 as experimentals. The degree of the remaining canal debris and smear layer were evaluated under the scanning electron microscope.

시기에 따른 뇌실 복강간 션트수술의 합병증에 대한 임상적 분석

이재환,김동석,최중언 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.9

The Ventriculo-peritoneal(VP) shunt is effective and easy method for the treatment of hydrocephalus. But it has a high complication rate including malfunction and infection. This study seeks to find out how to reduce reoperation and complication rates of previously VP shunt-treated patients by analyzing risk factors, complication, and the relationship with the time course. The authors reviewed 714 cases with VP shunt performed from 1986 to 1994. The risk factors of VP shunt related complications were insufficient surgical skill, younger age group, and some causes of hydrocephalus which were meningitis. neurocysticercosis, and congenital origin. The complications including shunt malfunction were most frequent within 1 month after the initial VP shunt and were most common at the proximal site of the shunt system.