인천지역 TDI 노출 작업자에서 직업성천식 유병율

김형렬,김철우,홍윤철,전형준,김치년,김현수,이지나,신주연,고동희,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : TDI는 직업성천식을 일으키는 대표적인 물질로 알려져 있다. 과거 TDI에 노출된 작업자들의 천식 발생률을 5~6%가량 보고하였고, 국내에서도 2-20%에 이르는 유병율을 보고한바 있다. 작업환경이 많이 개선되고, 노출량이 감소된 최근에도 TDI에 의한 직업성천식에 대한 보고가 많이 이루어지고 있어, 이에 대한 적극적인 조사와 진단과정을 통해 유병율을 구하고 질병발생의 변화양상을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 인천지역에서 특수건강진단을 수행하는 2개 기관의 TDI 노출 근로자 400여명 중, 사업장의 규모가 50인 이상이며 사업주가 연구진행을 허락한 사업장에서 근무하는 근로자 중 직접적으로 TDI에 노출되는 작업에 종사하는 근로자 170명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 이들에 대해 설문지와 산업의학의사의 면담을 통한 작업관련성 평가를 근거로 정밀대상자를 선정하고 이들에 대해 메타콜린 유발시험, TDI 유발시험 등을 수행하여 직업성천식을 확인하였다. 결과 : 설문조사 결과 11명이 직업과 관련하여 천식증상을 보이는 것으로 나타났고(6.9%), 이중 7명에서 메타콜린 유발검사 양성소견을 보였다. TDI에 의한 특이유발시험 결과 1명에서 양성반응이 나타나, 이 집단에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율은 0.58%였다. 결론 : 과거 국내연구에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율이 2~20%에 이르렀던 데 비해, 본 연구에서는 0.58%로 나타났다. 이는 국외 논문에서도 나타나는 경향으로 작업장 노출량 감소로 점차 발생률이 감소하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 이미 증상이 나타난 근로자들이 부서를 옮기거나, 직장을 그만둠으로 인해 그 유병율이 과소평가되었을 가능성도 있다고 판단된다. Objecdives: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposed workers. Methods: We examined 170 workers who had been directly exposed to TDI through a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Based on screening examination, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for further evaluation such as methacholine and TDI challenge tests. Results: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained of symptoms of occupational asthma. and 7 among these 11 symptomatic workers showed positive responses to the methacholine challenge test (4.1 %). One spray painter was confirmed as having the TDI induced occupational asthma following a positive response to TDI challenge test. Conclusions: The prevalence of TDI-induced asthma was at 0.58% was lower than that for former studies (2-20%). Improved workplace environment, lower level of TDI exposure compared to the past, and the healthy workers effect may have contributed to this low rate of asthma prevalence in workers with TDI exposure.

고립성 폐결절의 조직학적 진단에 있어서 경기관지폐생검의 진단적 가치

김치훈,김정주,왕준호,연규민,김형수,리원연,용석중,신계철 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2002 건국의과학학술지 Vol.12 No.-

Transbronchial lung biopsy(TBLB) is a relatively simple and convenient diagnostic tool in solitary pulmonary nodule(SPN) on chest radiograph, which is cannot be diagnosed through routine tests. To investigate the diagnostic value and diagnostic rate of TBLB according to the variable factor, we analyzed 69 patients with radiologically SPN lesion on chest radiograph which was confirmed histologically. A histologic diagnosis of TBLB was made in 47 of 69 patients(68.1%), in which 26 of 37(70.3%) with malignancy and 21 of 32(65.6%) with benign lesion. There were no significant differences in diagnostic yield according to age, sex and location of the lesion. The diagnostic rate tended to increase with the more than 5 pieces to acquired by TBLB. When the size of SPN was less than 3 ㎝, it cannot be diagnosed. In conclusion, TBLB is a diagnostic procedure with good yield and safety, but percutaneous needle aspiration, transbronchial needle aspiration, and bronchial washing fluid cytology may be a complementary procedure to overcome the limitation of TBLB and get higher diagnostic yield for SPN.

일 도시 여고생의 음주관련 요인에 관한 연구

김주형,김은경,김효정,문현숙,오선민,박나경,신혜정,이경원,이지선,최연옥,최진희,한유정,현수인 대한간호학회정신간호학회 2002 정신간호학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was designed to examine the factors associated with alcohol consumption among the Korean high schools girls. 283 female students were sampled from two high school in Seoul, Korea. They were given questionnaires and were asked to fill in and return them during a class hours. The factors included in the questionnaire were analyzed to see their contributions to alcohol consumption using chi-square. Alcohol consumption was associated with lower school performance(p=.001). High alcohol expectancies increased alcohol consumption(p=.000); however, depression did not show a statistically significant relationship to alcohol consumption. Mothers' alcohol consumption, having many alcohol consuming friends and watching TV commercials picturing alcohol were found to be associated with alcohol consumption, p=.049, .000, .000. respectively. Results may imply that alcohol consumption may not be a coping behavior of the depressed high school girls. Parents in Korea should be more concerned about alcohol consumption and its impacts on their daughters. Media effects on alcohol consumption need to be stressed and deserve attention from the public.

2009년 인플루엔자 대유행 중 인플루엔자 진료소 방문자의 연령 분포 변화

김백남,곽이경,문치숙,김연숙,김의석,배인규,염준섭,이창섭,허지안 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.2

The pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) virus, after being introduced in Korea in April, 2009, spread rapidly nationwide in mid-2009. This study was conducted to characterize trend in age distribution of visitors to Flu-clinics during the pandemic. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of visitors to flu clinic from Week 36 to 52 (August 30 to December 26) of 2009 were retrieved and collected from electronic databases at 9 hospitals. Visitors 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-29, 30-64, and 65 years or more of age were classified into group I to VI, respectively. A total of 107,467 visitors were seen at Flu-clinics for a 17-week study period. Of those, 32,485 were laboratory-confirmed. Antivirals were prescribed for 62,533 visitors. Numbers of visits, prescriptions of antivirals, and laboratory-confirmed cases of the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) peaked at Week 44. A large number of visits by group II and III were followed by those of group I and V, especially around the peak. Numbers of visits by group VI were lowest in all hospitals. In some hospitals, higher number of visits lasted longer in children than in adults while vice versa in other hospitals depending on the location. In summary, the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) was presumed to peak in late October and involved majorly children and students in Korea. Unique age distribution of visitors to flu clinic was observed in some hospitals.

유비퀴터스 컴퓨팅 : 특징과 전망 Characteristics and Vision

김치연 木浦海洋大學校 2003 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Ubiquitous computing provides an attractive vision for the future of computing. Computational power will be available everywhere. Mobile and stationary devices will connect and coordinate to seamlessly. This paper discusses the challenges in computer systems research posed by the emerging field of ubiquitous computing. It first examines the characteristics of the ubiquitous computing, then describes the main technologies and several projects.

初等學校 『쓰기』敎科書 分析 硏究 : 高學年을 中心으로

김용재,유지연 全州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 1995 初等敎育硏究 Vol.6 No.-

이 논문은 쓰기 교과서를 글쓰기 상황과 글쓰기 과정 진술을 분석해 보았다. 글쓰기 상황은 주제, 목적, 예상 독자로 나누어 분석하였고, 글쓰기 과정은 아이디어 발견 단계, 아이디어 조정 단계, 텍스트 생산 단계, 고쳐쓰기 단계로 나누어 분석하였다. 그 분석 결과를 종합해 보면 고학년 『쓰기』 교과서는 글쓰기의 상황이나 글쓰기 과정을 아동의 경험, 수준에 맞게 제시하고 있다. 그러나, 글쓰기 상황의 주제, 목적, 독자 요소에 대한 진술은 지나치게 일반적인 상황이라서 흥미 유발에는 적합하지 못하다. 따라서. 학습 현장에서 활용할 때는 교과서의 상황 설정을 기준으로 지역적인 특성이나 학교의 상황, 아동의 특별한 경험 등을 고려한 흥미진진하고 생동감있는 구체 상황으로 진술하여 재구성할 필요가 있다. 또, 글쓰기 과정은 아이디어 발견, 아이디어 생산 텍스트 생산, 고쳐쓰기의 순서가 나타나는 정도에 그치고 있으므로 다양한 사고를 유도하는 효과를 거두기가 어렵다. 따라서, 각 단계마다 적절한 방법을 활용하여 복합적인 사고 활동을 유도하도록 재구성해야 한다.

방송 환경에서 갱신 연산을 지원하는 이동 트랜잭션의 동시성 제어 방법

김치연 木浦海洋大學校 2002 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Advances in wireless networking technology and portable information applicances have engendered a new paradigm of computing, called mobile computing. Mobile computing is distinguished from classical distributed system due to 1) the mobility of mobile hosts and 2) the mobile resource constraints. We examine characteristics of mobile computing environments and propose a concurrency control method that can schedule the mobile transactions including update operations. The proposed method exploits optimistic approach and reduce the message cost between a mobile and a server by using a invalidation report with control information.

유기용제 노출과 간기능과의 관련성

안치영,이경종,박재범,장재연,김문종 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

목 적 : 조선소에서 만성적 유기용제 노출과 간기능과의 관련성을 규명하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 한 대형 조선소에서 도장작업 부서의 근로자 461명과 유기용제 노출이 없는 대조군 125명, 총586명의 남성 근로자를 대상으로 유기용제 생체누적노출량과 간기능검사 지표와의 관련성을 단면적 연구를 통하여 수행하였다. 일반적 특성, 직업적 특성, 간기능 검사와 작업환경 평가 및 생물학적 모니터링을 이용하여 자료와 변수들을 수집하여 이변량 분석과 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 간 기능을 정상과 비정상으로 구분하여 종속변수로 삼고 생물학적 모니터링을 근간으로 하여 생체 누적 노출량(CE)을 독립변수로 하여 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 한 결과SGOT(>351ua), SGPT(>401U/L), γ-GTP(>631U/L)에 대해 유기용제 생체누적노출량(CE)은 각각 1.10(95 %Cl, 1.02~l.20), 1.10(95 %Cl,1.Ol~l.19), 1.10(95% Cl; 1.Ol~l.19)의 비차비를 보였다. 결 론 : 그러므로 혼합 유기용제에의 누적폭로는B형 간염 항원이 음성인 남성근로자들에 있어 SGOT, SGPT, γ-GTP 등의 간기능검사의 비정상결과(검사치의 증가)에 유의한 관련성이 있는 것으로 판단된다. Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the association of cumulative exposure to organic solvent with liver function. Methods : We conducted a cross sectional study. 461 male workers who Perform painting job at a shipyard and use organic solvents routinely and 125 workers of the same shipyard who never have been exposed to organic solvents were studied. All subjects who were confirmed not having HBsAg surveyed their age, BMI (body mass index), alcohol drinking and smoking history, and examined liver function test (SGOT, SGPT, γ-GTP, Total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin) . The amount of cumulative exposure (CE) to mixed organic solvents were measured by biological monitoring method using their metabolites in urine. Results : The CE was observed as a significant variable with logistic regression analysis on abnormality of SGOT(>35IU/L) , SGPT(>40IU/L) and γ-GTP(>63IU/L), their odds ratio were 1.10 (95 %CI, 1.02-1.20), 1.10 (95 %CI, 1.01-1.19), and 1.10 (95 %CI, 1.01-1.19) each. Conclusions : Therefore we suggest that the cumulative exposure to mixed organic solvents might be a significant variable on abnormal liver function indices (SGOT, SGPT, γ-GTP) in male shipyard workers.

톨루엔 디이소시아네이트 폭로 근로자들의 생물학적 모니터링

안연순,노재훈,김치년,박윤정,정상혁 大韓産業醫學會 1995 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Toluene diisocyanate(TDI) is widely used in the production of flexible polyurethane foams, as well as in the formulation of polyurethane paints and coatings. The commercial material is generally a mixture of 2,4- and 2, 6-TDI, the predominant mix being 80% 2,4 and 20% 2,6-TDI. The 2,4-isomer is considerably more reactive than the 2,6-TDI at ambient temperatures due to steric factors involving the positions of the isocyanate groups relative to the ring methyl group. Because of this difference in the reactivities of the isomers, it seemed probable that there might be an increase in the amount of 2,6-TDI offgased relative to the 2,4-isomer. Therefore a relative enrichment of the 2,6-TDI has been found in industrial atmospheres. Toluene diamines, which are metabolites of TDI, in urine have a linear relation with exposure to TDI, so that urianry TDA could be used as a biological index of the exposure to TDI. This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of TDI isomer in industrial atmospheres and to propose proper biological monitoring methods by identifying the relationships between the environmental TDI exposure and concentration of TDA in urine. Concentrations of 2, 4-TDI and 2, 6-TDI in air were 4.38㎍/㎥ and 25.43㎍/㎥, respectively. The Threshold Limited Value of 40㎍/㎥ was exceeded for the 2, 6-TDI in about 46.8%(22 samples) of the samples, while the 2, 4-TDI was not at all exceeded. The ratio between 2, 4-TDI and 2, 6-TDI varied in air samples in the range of 2.4%:97.6%-51.0%:49.0%. There was an enrichment of 2, 6-TDI in air relative to the 2, 4-TDI. Concentrations of 2, 4-TDA and 2, 6-TDA in urine were 1.31㎍/g creatinine and 4.16㎍/g creatinine, respectively. The ratio between 2, 4-TDA and 2, 6-TDA varied in urine samples in the range of 1.4%:98.6%-99.9%:0.1%. There was an enrichment of 2, 6-TDA in urine relative to the 2, 4-TDA. No relation between the concerations of TDA isomer in urine and concerations of TDI isomer in air was found. Above results of this study, workers were more exposed to the 2, 6-TDI relative to the 2, 4-TDI in industrial atmospheres. Therefore, the establishment of TLV for 2, 6-TDI should be considered. Also, the further studies on biological monitorigs of workers exposed to TDI should be continued.

태아의 하악에서 발견된 이상결절 1례의 연구

이치연,이동주,조이수,김승인,이지연,김은철 원광대학교 생체재료·매식연구소 1996 원광생체재료·매식 Vol.5 No.2

Dens evaginatus is a rare developmental anomaly in which an enamel-covered tubercle projects from the occlusal surface of a tooth. usually lower second premolar. When the tubercle fractures, the pulpal extension into the tubercle may be exposed, which results in early pulpal necrosis, periapical infection and even osteomyelitis. We found the dens evaginatus in 16-week-old fetal mandible. Microscopically, we observed the protrusion of dental papilla into the dental organ and hard tissue formation which will be the tubercle by serial section. This anomaly was reported to be very rare in tooth development of fetus, so we reported this finding with brief review of literatures.