퍼지 제어기를 이용한 차량의 자율주차 시뮬레이션

박재현,김승철,한창훈,박종오,임영도 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1998 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

In a case of driving beginnners, it is very difficult to park a car perfectly because driver's knowledge makes more errors than intelligent mechanism when they are performed repeatedly. However skilled drivers be of experienced knowledge are able to park a car quickly. In this paper, we analyzed driving patterns of skilled drivers, designed the fuzzy controller to park based on it, and perform auto-parking simulation of a car using that controller.

圓光醫大 附屬 第2病院 神經精神科 患者에 對한 統計的 考察(Ⅱ)

박민철,장광철,김상원,김한주,유미경,김훈,유용진,김현정,박남진,오상우,이귀행,노승호,백영석 圓光大學校 醫科大學 神經精神科學敎室 1992 圓光精神醫學 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구는 1986년 7월 11일부터 1991년 7월 10일까지 원광의대 부속 제2병원 신경정신과에서 의래 및 입원치료를 받았던 6,072명의 환자를 대상으로 병원 역학조사를 실시하고 그 결과를 1차조사 (박민철 등1986)와 비교했다. 1.전체 환자 중 남자가 54.4%로 여자보다 많았고, 이리와 이리 인접지역이 84.0%로 대부분의 지역을 나타났다. 의료보장상태는 보험환자가 57.1%, 의료보호환자21.8%, 일반환자 21.1%였으며 연령별로는 20대 24.6%, 30대 22.8%로 20대 30대가 절반정도를 차지했다. 2.외래환자에서는 신경중성장애가 46.0%로 가장 많고 정동장애, 경련성장애 순이며, 입원환자에서는 정신분열증이 30.5%로 가장 많고 기질성정신장애, 정동장애의 순이었다. 3.남자는 신경증성쟝애(23.4%), 정신분열증, 기질성정신장애 순이고 여자는 신경증성장애(39.9%), 정동장애, 정신분열증의 순이었다. 남자가 여자보다 많은 진단은 알코올정신장애(94.6%), 기질성정신장애, 소아정신장애 순이고, 여자가 남자보다 많은 진단은 정동장애(64.5%), 신경증성장애였다. 4.진단별 연령분포에서 신경증성장에는 30대(25.3%), 20대, 40대 순이고, 정신분열증은 20대(40.5%), 30대, 40대 순이며, 정동장애는 20대, 30대, 50대 순이나 비교적 비슷한 융이었다. 5.진단별 발병연령에서 신경증성장에는 20대, 30대가 절반이고,정신분열증은 20대(51.3%), 10대, 30대 순이며 정동장애는 20대(30.7%), 30대, 50대 순이었다. 진단별 평균 발병연령은 신경증성장애 32.7세, 정동장애 36.1세, 정신분열증 23.6세였다. 6.진단별 이병기간은 2년이상이 신경증성장에 28.3%, 정신분열증 68.5% 정동장애 43.9%인데 전체적으로 41.0%였다. 진단별 평균 이병기간은 정신분열증 73.2개월, 정동장애 45.5개월, 신경증성장애 29.5개월이었다. We examined epidemiologic study of 6,072 patients who visited Wonkwang Neuropsychiatric hospital since July 11 of 1986 until July 10 of 1991 and compared this results with previous study(Park et al 1986). The study revealed as follows:1. Of total patients males visited this hosptial more than females as 57.1%, Most of them(84.0%) resided Iri and neighbouring Iri. In the point of insurance, insured patients, medicaid patients and uninsured patients were 57.1%, 21.8% and 21.1% respectively. On the distribution of age, the twenties, the thirties were 24.6%, 22.8% respectively and twenties and thirties were about half of total patients. 2. Of outpatients neurotic disorder was the most as 46.0%, secondly mood disorder and thirdly convulsive disorder, but of inpatients schizophrenia was the most as 30.5%, secondly organic mental disorder and thirdly mood disorder. 3. Of males neurotic disorder was the most as 23.4%, secondly schizophrenia, and thirdly organic mental disorder, but of females neurotic disorder was the most as 39.9%, secondly mood disorder and thirdly schizophrenia. alcoholic mental disorder(94.6%), organic mental disorder, child mental disorder were mostly found in males,but mood disorder(64.5%) and neurotic disorder were mostly found in females. 4. On the distribution of age neurotic disorder was found the most in the thirties(25.3%), next in the twenties and in the forties, and schizophrenia was found the most in the twenties(40.5%), next in the thirties and in the forties, but mood disorder was found the most in the twenties, next in the thirties and in the forties but revealed similar rates relatively. 5. On the distribution of age of onset neurotic disorder developed nearly half during the twrnties and the thirties, schizophrenia developed mostly during the twenties (51.3%), secondly the teens and thirdly the thirties, but mood disorder developed firstly the twenties(30.7%), secondly the thirties and thirdly the fifties. on the average age of onset of illness neurotic disorder, mood disorder and schizophrenia were 32.7 years, 36.1 years and 23.6 years respectively. 6. On the duration of illness more than two years was 28.3% in neurotic disorder, 68.5% in schizophrenia and 3.9% in mood disorder and on the average duration of illness schizophrenia, mood disorder and neurotic disorder were 73.2 months, 45.5 months and 29.5 months respectively.

Distribution of the Fairy Pitta (Pitta nympha) in the South Korea: A focus on protected areas

Gil-Pyo Hong(홍길표),Jae-Hoon Kim(김재훈),Seul-Gi Seo(서슬기),So-Yeon Cho(조소연),Bo-Yeon Hwang(황보연),Jong-Hyun Park(박종현),Seung-Yeon Lee(이승연),Ga-Young Kim(김가영),Wan-Hee Nam(남완희),Ha-Cheol Sung(성하철) 한국조류학회 2021 한국조류학회지 Vol.28 No.2

국내 팔색조(Pitta nympha) 분포 현황을 알아보고자 전국 국립공원 등 보호지역 중심으로 총 19개 지역을 조사하였고, 전문가 네트워크를 통해 자료를 보강하였다. 전국 19개 지역을 조사한 결과 북한산, 지리산 등 내륙지역 7개 국립공원에서는 팔색조가 확인되지 않았고, 경남 거제, 남해, 해남, 장흥 고흥 등 남해안과 인접한 12개 지역에서 팔색조 서식이 확인되었다. 또한 전문가 네트워크를 통해 수집한 팔색조 출현 위치 정보 82건을 분석한 결과, 전국 8개 광역지자체 모두 팔색조 서식이 확인되었고, 내륙지역(26.8%)보다 해안지역(73.2%)에서 더 많이 출현하였다. 연구 결과를 종합해보면, 우리나라의 팔색조는 주로 제주도와 남해안 지역을 중심으로 많이 분포하며, 그 보다 적은 개체수가 내륙 지역에 넓게 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. The present study investigated the current distribution of Fairy Pitta (Pitta nympha) in South Korea. A total of 19 study areas, including protected areas such as national and provincial parks in South Korea were surveyed, and additional data obtained from an expert network. According to the results, Fairy Pitta was absent in seven inland national parks, including Mt. Bukhan and Chiri parks. Fairy Pitta inhabited 12 areas near the southern coast of South Korea, including Geoje, Namhae, Haenam, Jangheung, Goheung, and Gyeongnam Province. The analysis results of 82 datasets obtained from experts with regard to the locations where Fairy Pitta have been spotted showed that the bird inhabits all the eight metropolitan regions in South Korea, and is more frequently spotted in coastal areas (73.2%) than in inland areas (26.8%). The findings demonstrate that Fairy Pitta is mainly distributed in Jeju Island and the southern coast of South Korea, and is distributed in inland areas at relatively lower numbers.

병실감염의 문제점

박승철 大韓法醫學會 1985 대한법의학회지 Vol.9 No.1-2

Nosocomial infections are defined as infections occurring in patients after admission to the hospital that were neither present nor incubation at the time of admission. Infections acquired in the hospital but not manifest until after the patient is discharged are also included. Nosocomial infections are one of the most important public health problems in the world today. Most nosocomial infections are diseases of medical progress. Use or overuse of antibiotics, and the increasing use of diagnostic procedures and therapeutic medical devices have increased the likelihood that patients will develop a nosocomial infection. The ∼5% rate of nosocomial infections among patients admitted to acure-care hospitals has a significant impact on patient morbidity and mortality and on financial concerns of the patient, hospital, and community. This paper reviewed the literatures on the nosocomial infections and discussed the roles of surveillance, infection control committee, and isolation techniques-three vitaly important aspects of nosocomial infection control and prevention programs.

포도당과 이소프로테레놀에 의한 시상하부의 소마토스타틴 분비가 갑상선자극호르몬방출호르몬에 의한 갑상선자극호르몬에 미치는 효과

박철영,양인명,오승준,김덕윤,우정택,김성운,김진우,김영설,최영길 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

좌전하행지 관동맥 개구부위의 망사형의 관(Slotted Tube)스텐트와 나선형 코일(Coil)스텐트 삽입후 단기 및 장기 암상 경과의 비교

박훈기,박성욱,이일수,이상곤,김진우,이근,정상식,이철환,홍명기,김재중,박승정 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.6

저칼슘식이로 사육한 생쥐의 골수세포 배양에 의한 파골세포양세포의 형성

박주철,강선주,임도선,김현만,고재승 대한구강해부학회 1995 대한구강해부학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Although it is now well established that osteoclasts are derived from mononuclear hematopoietic stem cells, most likely within the granulocyte-macrophage lineage, the exact differentiation process of osteoclast precusors has only been partially discovered. This study was carried out to investigate the following topics by examining the osteoclast-like cell formation from the calcium-deficient mouse bone marrow cells; 1) the effect of calcium deficiency on the formation of the mononuclear phagocytes and the mononuclear precusors of the osteoclast in the mouse bone marrow; 2) the effect of TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α on the differentiation of osteoclast-like cells from the calcium-deficient mouse bone marrow culture; 3) the formation of the osteoclast-like cell from the calcium-deficient mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells and the relationship between the osteoblast cell line(MC3T3E1) and osteoclast-like cell formation; 4) formation of the osteoclast-like cells from the mononuclear cells which were col1ected from PTH-pretreated mouse bone marrow cells to investigate the relationship between PTH and calcium deficiency in osteoclast-like cell formation. Bone marrow cells were isolated from marrow of mouse feeding normal diet or calcium deficient diet for 7 and 14 days. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were fractionated by cetrifugation on Hypaque-Ficoli density gradients. PTH-pretreated mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells were obtained by collecting the nonadherent cells after the culture of normal mouse marrow cells with PTH for 6 days. The prepared cells were cultured on dentin disc at the concentration of 1.5-2 X 10^(6) cells per 0.5ml of a-MEM containing 10% FCS for 3, 5 and 7 days. Thereafter, TRAP staining, NSE staining, effect of calcitonin on the osteoclast-like cell and scanning electron microscope analysis of resorption lacunae on the dentin disc were performed. The results were as follows; 1. Number of the osteoclast precusors and mononuclear phagocytes in bone marrow was increased by calcium-deficient diet. 2. More osteoclast-like cells were formed from the calcium-deficient mouse bone marrow cells than from normal cells. 3. Formation of osteoclast-like cells was significantly stimulated by TNF-α in normal mouse bone marrow cells and calcium-deficient mouse bone marrow cells at concentration of l0ng/ml and 100ng/ml. 4. Osteoblast cell line(MC3T3E1) did not play an important role in osteoclast-like cell formation. 5. Formation of the osteoclast-like cells from the mononuclear cells which were collected from PTH-pretreated mouse bone marrow cells was similar to that of calcium-deficient mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells, which suggests that the effect of calcium deficiency in osteoclast formation may be mediated by PTH.

METRx™ 기구를 이용한 후방 경추부 추궁추간공 제거술의 예비 결과

박형천,윤승환,박종운,하윤,현동근,김은영,박현선,임대철 대한척추신경외과학회 2004 Neurospine Vol.1 No.1

Objectives: Posterior cervical microscopic laminoforaminotomy has been a preferred procedure for a posterolateral cervical disc or foraminal stenosis. However, neckpain from wide skin incision and muscle injury are some of disadvantages. The authors performed cervical microscopic laminoforaminotomy with METRx™ tubular dilator system and were compared the results with classical cervical microscopic foraminotomy. Methods: Six patients underwent posterior cervical microscopic laminoforaminotomy using the METRx™ during 6 months. We have selected 10 patients from our institution as a comparison group. Preoperative and postoperative pain score composed of the radicular and neck component was examined and disability score also recorded. Diameters and lengths of laminoforaminotomy on the postoperative CT also were compared with two methods Results: Postoperative pain scores to the radiculopathies were not different but postoperative pain scores to the neckpain on the follow up periods were significantly different. The average vertical and transverse diameters of the laminoforaminotomy defect on the postoperative CT scans were not different between two groups. Average hospital stay of the classical methods was 8.8±7.5 days comparison with 4.5±0.54days of new procedure. Conclusions: Posterior cervical microscopic laminoforaminotomy with METRx™ systems seems to provide similar decompression and clinical results as classical methods compared to classical methods and shows superior results for postoperative neckpain and hospital stays.

알코올 사용 장애 환자의 스트레스와 대처 양식 및 부적응에 관한 연구

박민철,오상우,이귀행,노승호,백영석,이상열,김재현 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1999 圓光醫科學 Vol.15 No.2

Background: This study was explored the influences of perceived stress, coping style on maladaptation of patients with alcohol use disorders. Methods: To investigate these objects, 66 patients with alcohol use disorders were completed scales for the perceived stress, coping style, dysfunctional attitude, alcohol expectancy, self-efficacy, social support, state-trait anxiety, quantity of alcohol use, problems of alcohol use and BDI. The data were analyzed by t-test, correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: First, the results showed the significant difference between long term group and short term group on the problem-related alcohol use and trait anxiety. Second, the results showed the significant difference between severe problem related alcohol use group and mild problem related alcohol use group on cognitive coping, negative expectancy, quantity of alcohol use. Third, among each variables of patients with alcohol use disorders, quantity of alcohol use had significantly high correlation with quantity of alcohol by family, quantity of alcohol by friends, perceived stress, negative expectancy. Problems of alcohol use had significantly high correlation with negative expectancy, cognitive coping, percieved stress, social support and self efficacy. Finally, vulnerability-stress model predicted 26.1% of variances of quantity of alcohol use, 48.9% of variances of problems of alcohol use and 13.9% variances of depression. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated the superiority of vulnerability stress model to predict quantity of alcohol use, problems of alcohol use and depression.

당뇨병성 다발성 신경병증에 대한 Thioctic acid의 유효성 및 안정성에 관한 연구

박철영,김영설,오승준,우정택,김성운,양인명,김진우,최영길 대한당뇨병학회 2001 임상당뇨병 Vol.2 No.1

연구배경: 당뇨병성 신경병증은 당뇨병 환자에서 흔히 나타나는 합병증으로서 임상 증상은 가볍거나 없을 수도 있지만 많은 경우에 통증, 작열감, 이감각증이나 무감각증 등의 증상을 동반하지만, 이에 대한 명확한 기전이나 뚜렷한 치료방법이 없었다. 최근에 신경세포내 산화성 스트레스의 증가로 신경세포의 손상이 발생된다는 기전이 주목을 받으면서, 당뇨병성 신경병증 환자에게 항산화제인 thiotic acid를 사용하여 좋은 효과를 관찰한 논문들이 발표되었다. 이에 저자들은 한국의 당뇨병성 다발성 신경병증 환자에서 thiotic acid를 경구 투여 후에 신경병증에 의한 효과 및 안정성을 평가하였다. 방법: 모든 대상 환자에게 Thioctic acid 600㎎ 을 1일 1회 아침 식전 30분에 8주간 투여하여 당뇨병성 다발성 신경병증에 대한 TSS의 개선여부에 대한 임상적 유효성 및 이상반응, 내약성, 실험실적 지표의 변화를 통한 안정성을 관찰하였다. 결과: 치료시작 전에 관찰한 환자가 호소하는 증상은 통증이 가장 많았으며 무감각, 작열감, 이상감각 순의 빈도를 보였다. 통증, 작열감, 이감각증, 무감각증의 평균 TSS는 1차 방문시 5.8± 1.8, 2차방문시는 4.4±1.7, 3차 방문시는 3.1±1.1로 사용기판에 따라 통계학적으로 유의한 증상의 호전이 있었다. 또한 TSS의 개선 뿐만 아니라 통증, 작열감, 이감각증 및 무감각증 각각의 증상도 치료전과 치료 4주 후 및 치료 8주 후를 비교했을 때 통계학적으로 유의한 증상의 호전이 있었다. TSS가 1차 방문 시와 비교했을 때 3차 방문시에 30% 이상 개선되었을 때(1차 방문시에 TSS 4인 환자는 2점 이상 개선되었을때) 임상적으로 의미가 있는 반응으로 간주하고 계산한 반응률은 71.3%였다. 결론: 당뇨병성 다발성 신경병중 환자에 대해 항 산화제인 thioctic acid 600㎎ 경구 투여요법은 당뇨병성 신경병증의 증상완화에 유용하며, 안전한 것으로 사료된다. Background: The study was peformed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral treatment with the antioxidant α-lipoic acid (Thioctcid??) in diabetic patients with peripheral polyneuropathy. Methods: Thioctacid?? 600㎎ was orally administered once a day for 8 weeks in 61 diabetic patients with peripheral polyneuropathy. Neuropathic symptom(pain, burning, paresthesia, and numbness) were scored before, and of 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. In addition, neuropathy by the physician and patients at the end of treatment. The primary endpoint was the response role after 8 weeks treatment, defined as an improvement in the total symptom score of at least more than 30%. Results: Efficacy was evaluated among forty-four patients who had completely the study according to the protocol and safety was evaluated among all of 61 patients who had taken the study medication. The response rate after 8 weeks was 77.3%. The total symptom score was significantly decreased of 4-week, and further decreased of 8-week. All the individual scores for neuropathic symptom were also significantly reduced of 4-week and further decreased at 8-week. Conclusion: These finding indicate that oral treatment with thioctacid?? at a dose of 600㎎/day for 8 weeks will improve peripheral polyneuropathy in diabetic patients, without causing any serious adverse events.