흰물떼새(Charadrius alexandrinus)의 번식 성공에 대한 환경 요인의 영향

이동윤 ( Dong-yun Lee ),이주현 ( Ju-hyun Lee ),성하철 ( Ha-cheol Sung ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.2

The nest fate of plovers have been affected from around environmental factors such as vegetation, sediment grain size and others, because these factors correlate with the camouflage and consistent temperature of nest. The Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) is known to select nest site where vegetation cover is low to easily detect predators. However, recent studies show that their nest successes positively correlate with vegetation cover rate, because vegetation can hide incubating parents from predators. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the relationships between vegetation cover and nest fate, and between breeding success and other environmental factors (such as, sand, shell etc.). This study was carried out from early March to late July in 2020 at Saemangeum, specifically (1) Mangyeong estuary, Gunsan, Jellabuk-do; (2) Dongjin estuary, Buan, Jellabuk-do. The study area is reclaimed land with sandy coastal environment, and the size of Mangyeong estuary was about 1,011 ha, Dongjin estuary was about 893 ha. Sedges (family Cyperaceae) were the major vegetation in these locations. We analyzed the effect of environmental factors on the breeding success of Kentish plovers. First, we measured five variables in field: nest diameter (cm), nest height (cm), nest slope (°), distance from nest to the nearest vegetation (m), and the height of the nearest vegetation (cm). Then, we obtained the coordinate of each nest with a GPS and measured distance from nest to water resource (m) using satellite map (Kakao map). We also estimated the cover of environmental factors using 1m² quadrat. The quadrat photos were taken by two ways for each nest: 1) centered on the nest within a 1m²; 2) randomly selected two points in 10m distance from a nest. On the analysis of variables in quadrat photo, we measured the 11 variables. First, we measured the cover of nest area (mm²) and the cover of five environmental factors (dry vegetation, vegetation, sand (grain size < 2 mm), shell and other object; mm²) on the quadrat photos of centered on the nest within a 1m². Second, we also measured the cover of five environmental factors in each photo and calculated the average of two photos on the each factor on the quadrat photos of randomly selected two points in 10m distance from a nest. For statistical analysis, we translated variables using “X = log10 (x + 1); X = translated value; x = origin value” before modelling and analyzed using Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The model criteria was Akaike Criteria Information (AIC). Then, we used Mann-Whitney U test to compared variables between successful and failed nests in the best model. All statistical analysis had a significant effect at p < 0.05. We analyzed 285 quadrat photos (95 photos within a 1m² quadrat centered on each nest; 190 photos on the randomly selected points within 10m area from each nest) from 95 nests: 60 nests in Mangyeong (35 successful nests and 25 failed nests); 35 nests in Dongjin (28 successful nests and 7 failed nests). As the results of GLM, the best model was composed not environmental factors, but three nest factors: nest area, nest diameter and nest slope. In this model, nest area and nest diameter were significant (p < 0.05). However, according to Mann-Whitney test, these factors did not differ between successful and failed nests (p > 0.05). Therefore, when researchers studied the effect of nest factors on the breeding success, nest area and nest diameter should be considered together. On the effect of environmental factors, all factors, which included vegetation and dry vegetation cover, did not affect breeding success. Thus, the other environmental factors should be studied to reveal which one affects the breeding success of Kentish plovers.

먹이 밀도와 수심에 따른 황새(Ciconia boyciana)의 섭식 행동에 대한 사례연구

성하철 ( Ha Cheol Sung ),김정희 ( Jung Hee Kim ),정석환 ( Seo Kwan Cheong ),김수경 ( Su Kyung Kim ),조지연 ( Jee Yeon Jo ),정미라 ( Mi Ra Cheong ),최유성 ( Yu Seong Choi ),박시룡 ( Shi Ryong Park ) 한국환경생물학회 2009 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The Oriental white stork (Ciconia boyciana) is an endangered species in Korea as well as in the world. In order to provide information on foraging habitats for releasing storks to the wild, we studied the foraging behavior of the species according to different food densities and water levels. We released two individuals, male and female, after enclosing a study site with a fence and cutting out a part of two or three primary feathers. Research was conducted from 20 June to 16 August 2008 at Whawon-ri, Mewon-myung, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea. We investigated habitat patch usage, foraging efficiency, and foraging methods of the feeding individuals in the different food densities and water levels. The storks invested more for foraging time and trials, and they captured more food in a habitat of high food density than others. The female invested more time and captured food most in a habitat of lowest water depth while the male in a habitat of middle water depth. However, foraging efficiency did not differ significantly among habitats of food density and water depth, and only differed between male and female by ways of foraging method. From this study we suggest that the storks select foraging habitats and foraging methods under different conditions of food density and water depth.

청원군에 소재한 금개구리(Rana plancyi chosenica) 개체군의 번식동태

성하철 ( Ha Cheol Sung ),라남용 ( Nam Yong Ra ),정석환 ( Seo Kwan Cheong ),김수경 ( Soo Kyeong Kim ),차상민 ( Sang Min Cha ),박대식 ( Dae Sik Park ) 한국환경생물학회 2009 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.27 No.1

To study reproductive dynamics of a Gold-spotted pond frog (Rana chosenica) population located at Gangnae, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, Korea, we monitored the population over 207 days between April 17th 2007 and December 18th 2008 using a drift fence accompanied with 20 pitfall traps. The population was located in an agricultural wetland, compromising three small ponds. Gold-spotted pond frogs immigrated into the wetland between April 16th and June 17th and emigrated from the wetland between September 21st and November 12th. Precipitation showed a positive correlation with the number of migrated frogs in Autumn 2007 and Spring 2008, but other environmental factors such as air and water temperatures and relative humidity did not show any significant relationships. In general, small frogs first migrated into and from the wetland, but the trend was not strong. Female gold-spotted pond frogs were bigger than males. During the autumn migration, small frogs of which snout-vent length was smaller than 20 mm were found, indicating that successful breeding occurred in the population. Our results could be useful to conserve this endangered species in Korea.

자연상태에서 황새의 섭식 행동과 서식지 선택에 대한 사례연구

성하철 ( Ha Cheol Sung ),정석환 ( Seok Wan Cheong ),김정희 ( Jung Hee Kim ),김수경 ( Su Kyung Kim ),박시룡 ( Shi Ryong Park ) 한국환경생물학회 2008 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.26 No.2

청주시와 청원군에서 금개구리(Rana chosenica) 번식 군집 모니터링 및 일중 울음소리 빈도

성하철 ( Ha Cheol Sung ),차상민 ( Sang Min Cha ),김수경 ( Su Kyung Kim ),박대식 ( Dae Sik Park ),박시룡 ( Shi Ryong Park ),정석환 ( Seok Wan Cheong ) 한국환경생물학회 2007 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.25 No.2

외래생물과 관련된 딜레마 상황에 대한 생명과학 교사의 판단과 조언 - 붉은귀거북 사례를 중심으로 -

황효정 ( Hyojeong Hwang ),성하철 ( Ha-cheol Sung ),이준기 ( Jun-ki Lee ) 한국생물교육학회 2024 생물교육 Vol.52 No.4

This study aims to examine the approaches of biology teachers in addressing hypothetical scenarios involving the management of alien species, specifically the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans), within home and school contexts. Twenty biology teachers from across the country participated in this study. Each was presented with two hypothetical scenarios through a survey, and their suggested advice and solutions were analyzed using the concept of ‘appeal’ from communication theory. The analysis revealed that for issues arising in home settings, teachers employed three main appeal types, ‘scientific fact-centered’, ‘ethical responsibility-centered’, and ‘empathy-centered―through’ rational and emotional appeals, resulting in seven distinct subtypes of responses. For school-based issues with alien species, teachers’ responses were categorized into five solution types: recommending transfer or adoption by others, entrusting or donating to institutions, facilitating student-led problem-solving activities, consulting with relevant agencies, and controlling population through passive or active means. The findings indicate that many teachers face challenges in providing consistent and effective responses due to a lack of comprehensive manuals and practical training on managing alien species issues. Moreover, it was observed that teachers’ advice and solutions varied significantly depending on how they perceived the ontological status of the red-eared slider turtle. This study underscores the need for practical and systematic training programs on alien species education and management, highlighting the importance of equipping teachers with clear, actionable manuals and proactive pre-service education to enable effective handling of alien species challenges in educational contexts.

한반도 서남해의 특정도서(병풍도, 탄항도, 백야도, 납태기도, 행금도)의 보호조류 서식현황 연구

김우열 ( Woo Yuel Kim ),성하철 ( Ha Cheol Sung ),빙기창 ( Gi Chang Bing ),최원석 ( Won Suk Choi ),이지용 ( Ji Yong Lee ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2015 한국도서연구 Vol.27 No.1

In line with the continuous conservation plans for birds protected by law in the Dadohaehaesang National Park area, Korea, we surveyed the bird communities of five islands (Byeongpungdo, Tanhangdo, Baekyado, Naptaegido and Haenggeumdo), which are all appointed by the Special Act on the Preservation of Ecosystem in Island Areas including Dok Island. We conducted the survey once or twice every year from May 2012 to September 2014, each considering birds`` breeding (summer) and migratory (fall) seasons. In total, 768 individual birds and 52 species were observed within the five islands, and 20 species were protected by law in Korea. According to IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) Red List Status, 49 species were classified as least concerned (LC), 2 near threatened (NT) and 1 vulnerable (VU). Thus, 5.8% were recorded above the LC level, and 9.6% were listed on the endangered category I and II. In addition, the relationship between species richness and their habitats showed the following results. Byeongpungdo showed the highest species richness and covered the largest area with the highest altitude. On the other hand, Tanhangdo had the smallest area and lowest altitude and showed the lowest species richness. This relationship indicates that the number of individuals and species has a high correlation with size, altitude and the islands ’vegetation structure.

금개구리(Rana chosenica) 개체군의 생존분석: 개체군의 효과적인 보존과 야생복귀를 위한 제안

정석환 ( Seok Wan Cheong ),성하철 ( Ha Cheol Sung ),박대식 ( Dae Sik Park ),박시룡 ( Shi Ryong Park ) 한국환경생물학회 2009 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Population viability analysis of a Gold-spotted pond frog (Rana chosenica) population at Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, in South Korea was conducted and we proposed several suggestions for effective conservation and re-introduction of the species. Simulating a developed model over 1,000 times predicted that the population will exist over 30 years with a relatively low growth rate of 0.113, but with a high probability of extinction as 81.1%. Population growth and extinction probability were the most greatly depended on the rate of successful metamorphosis. In the case of outbreak of amphibian diseases such as Chytridiomycosis and Ranavirus, the population will be easily extinct within 4 years with 100% probability. In a habitat of which carrying capacity is 200, to successfully re-introduce an extinct population, it is initially needed to put 100 individuals of which 83% is males and its age structure is normal-distributed. If we additionally conducts artificial supplementation of 10% individuals every 2 years from 4 years to 10 years after initial reintroduction, the population will become a stable with 0.297 growth rate and 0.290 extinction rate. Our results are the first case of amphibian population viability analysis in Korea and could be used to develop effective conservation and re-introduction plans for endangered Gold-spotted pond frog.

서천갯벌 내 도래하는 물새류의 시공간적 변화 및 분포 패턴 - 멸종위기 야생생물을 중심으로-

조대한 ( Dae-han Cho ),정상민 ( Sang-min Jung ),강태한 ( Te-han Kang ),성하철 ( Ha-cheol Sung ) 한국환경생태학회 2025 한국환경생태학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2025 No.1

물까치(Cyanopica cyanus)의 형태학적 측정에 의한 성 판별

이지아(Jia Lee),윤지영(Jiyoung Yun),이가현(Kahyun Lee),성하철(Ha-cheol Sung) 국립공원연구원 2022 국립공원연구지 Vol.13 No.2

Most sexually monomorphic species, including the family Corvidae, are visually indistinguishing in field investigations. We investigated intersexaul morphological differences of the Azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyanus). We caught 86 adults (67 males, 14 females, and 5 unidentified), measured their morphological characteristics (head-bill length, bill length, maximum and minimum wing length, tarsus length, body length, tail length, and weight), and collected blood samples. Sex was determined by PCR amplification using the previously used P2/P8 (Griffiths et al. 1998) primers. Statistical analysis was used to compare morphological differences between sexes. Males were longer in body length and maximum wing length, and discriminant function analysis using the two variables showed the sex was distinguished with an accuracy of 71.7%. We discussed the significance of the two variables in the monomorphic Azure-winged magpies. 까마귀과 조류는 성별에 따른 외형적인 차이가 없으며, 까마귀과에 속하는 물까치 역시 성적 동형성을 가지므로 야외조사 시 육안으로 성별을 동정하기 어렵다. 따라서 물까치의 성별에 따른 외부형태 차이 유무를 확인하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 물까치 개체는 광주광역시, 나주시 일대에서 포획하였으며, 머리-부리 길이, 부리 길이, 편/접은 날개 길이, 부척 길이, 꼬리 길이, 몸길이(전장), 몸무게 등을 측정하고 혈액 샘플을 채취하였다. 성별은 이전에 사용된 P2/P8(Griffiths et al. 1998) 프라이머를 사용한 PCR 증폭을 통해 결정하였고, 통계 분석을 이용해 성별 간 외부 측정값의 차이를 비교하였다. 성별 간 외부 측정값 중 전장과 편 날개 길이에서 수컷이 더 길게 나타났다. 전장과 편 날개길이를 이용한 판별분석 결과 71.7%의 정확성으로 성을 구별하였으며, 동형의 물까치에 있어서 두 변수의 중요성을 논의하였다.