Improved Adhesion of Metal Electrode Layer on Si₃N₄ Substrate through an All-Wet Process

Kim, Danbi,Eom, Nu Si A,Kim, Jiwon,Lee, Kyu Hyoung,Park, Sung Heum,Lee, Ju Ho,Chao, Yong-Ho,Lim, Jae-Hong Electrochemical Society 2019 ECS journal of solid state science and technology Vol.8 No.2

<P>Electroless deposition requires preliminary surface treatment to effectively adsorb a metal electrode layer onto a ceramic substrate. Herein, a simple surface treatment using an all-wet process was performed to achieve adhesion stability between a Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> substrate and Ni film. The method involved deposition of an interfacial Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> buffer between the two layers. Surface pretreatment via silanization was initially performed to improve surface wettability, thereby enhancing uniform deposition of Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. Subsequently, a thin Ni layer was directly deposited onto the Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer without necessitating sensitization or activation. The synthesized Ni/Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> heat sink exhibited excellent adhesion property in the cross-hatch, scratch, and thermal shock tests. The mechanism of adhesion enhancement involved chemical bonding of Pd-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> with the self-assembled monolayer on the substrate and reduced internal stress due to removal of residual hydrogen between the layers of the heat sink. Thus, the fabricated heat sink has a promising application in electronic devices operated at high temperatures.</P>

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 Micafungin의 예방 효과 및 안전성

김시현,이동건,최수미,권재철,박선희,최정현,유진홍,이성은,조병식,김유진,이석,김희제,민창기,조석구,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,박종원 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Background: Micafungin, a potent inhibitor of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase, is a novel antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. In vitro study showed that micafungin was effective against Aspergillus species as well as Candida species, but clinical data on the prophylactic efficacy against invasive fungal infections (IFIs) other than candidiasis are still lacking. Materials and Methods: We identified 60 consecutive adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who received at least 3 doses of micafungin during neutropenic period. Micafungin was started as an alternative in patients who were intolerant or had adverse events (AEs) to primary prophylactic antifungal agents. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis against IFIs. Results: The patients either had autologous (n=9) or allogeneic (n=51: 1 syngeneic, 24 sibling, 26 unrelated donor) HSCT. Itraconazole oral solution (n=58) was the most frequently used first line antifungal agent for prophylaxis and was administered for median 11 days. The most frequent cause of switch to micafungin was vomiting (n=42). The duration of neutropenia and micafungin administration was median 13 and 12 days, respectively. A successful outcome was achieved in 45 (75%) patients. Empirical antifungal therapy was initiated in 13 (22%) patients. There were 2 cases (3.3%) of breakthrough fungal infections which comprised a probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a possible invasive fungal sinusitis. There was no case of invasive candidiasis. A total of 53 (88%) patients experienced at least one AE regardless of causality during micafungin administration. The most frequent AEs were hypokalemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. Among the aforementioned AEs, only 1 case of diarrhea could be classified as a probable relation with micafungin when causality was assessed. There was no AEs that caused discontinuation of micafungin. Conclusions: Micafungin seems to be a safe and effective agent for prophylaxis of IFIs including aspergillosis as well as candidiasis in HSCT recipients. However, further large, prospective, and randomized comparative studies are warranted for aspergillosis.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1994)

김재홍,안진균,정성재,김영태,김중환,김시영,이석종,이홍렬,서호석,김경훈,권혁진,정우권,고우석,이용석,안필수,오준규,오용섭 대한화학요법학회 1996 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Background : In recent years gonorrhoea has been panendemic and remains one of the most common Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Method : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae(PPNG), Ive have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1994, 168 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 109 (64,9% ) were PPNG. Conclustion : Our results suggests that the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is still increasing.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 발생한 Cytomegalovirus 질환의 특징 : 일개 대학변원에서 최근 10년간의 경험

최수미,이동건,박선희,김시현,김유진,민창기,김희제,이석,최정현,유진홍,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,신완식,김춘추 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.1

Background : Studies on cytomegalovirus (CMV) diseases in Korean hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are lacking and do not reflect the recent trends of advances and changes. Therefore, we tried to analyze the clinical features of CMV diseases in HSCT recipients over the past 10 years at a tertiary university hospital in Korea. Methods : Retrospective review of medical records was done for all adult HSCT patients who received transplant at the Catholic HSCT Center from January 1998 to January 2008. Results : Forty-four cases (2.2%) of CMV diseases were identified. CMV pneumonia was diagnosed in 17 patients, retinitis in 16 patients, enterocolitis in 7 patients, esophagitis 1 patient, gastritis in 1 patient, duodenitis in 1 patient, and hepatitis in 1 patient. The median onset of symptom was 90 days after transplantation. Late CMV diseases accounted for 47.7%. CMV related death varied from 0 to 58.8% according to the involved organ. CMV retinitis was diagnosed relatively later in the course of transplantation mostly in patients who had chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). On the contrary, CMV enterocolitis mainly occurred in patients who suffered from acute GVHD. The overall concurrent CMV reactivation was documented to be 63.6%: the concurrent CMV reactivation was observed only in 37.5% of patients with retinitis. Conclusions : We observed some differences in the pattern of CMV disease manifestation according to the involved organ and reconfirmed the fact that CMV pneumonia is the most common and fatal disease in HSCT recipients. Additionally, CMV retinitis was not uncommon in HSCT recipients. Since specific marker does not exist in predicting retinitis, regular ocular examination should be done thoroughly, especially in patients with chronic GVHD.

이탈리아와 이탈리아인의 문화와 정체성에 대한 비판적 성찰

김시홍 한국이어이문학회 2003 이탈리아어문학 Vol.13 No.-

I1 tema di cultura e identita e` attualissimo nel mondo accademico d'oggi. In questo modesto lavoro ho tentato rispondere alle Otto domande che sono preparate da Futurjbili nel anno 2000. In particolar modo, volevo augurarmi, personalmente, per il 25˚ anniversario dall'inizio dello studio italianistico e simultaneamente cercavo di cosa fare nei prossimi 25 anni. Malgrado di tutto, 1'Italia e` un paese assai difficile da comprendere proprio. Questo perche` c'e` un grande divario di credenza tra individui e istituzioni. Ci sono pure i fenomeni di asimmetria tra i vari settori nella societa`. Allora che cose sono le caratteristiche della cultura italiana? In questo saggio abbiamo trattato 8 temi rilevanti come identiti degli italiani, umanesimo italiano, riforma istituzionale. modello d'istituzione alla italiana, identita` molteplice, familismo, creativita` e adattabilita` della cultura, Mezzogiomo. Le cose tradizionali come familismo non sono state da ostacoli per lo sviluppo, anzi i loro rinascimenti sono concepiti come l'alternative verso il futuro dell'intero Occidente. Ma tanto e` vero che dopo il Mani Pulite il paese ha subito diversi momenti turbolenti e solo adesso sta uscendo dalla crisi. Dopo del tutto l'identita italiana e` un prodotto di sintesi tra autocritica e immagine, e la situazione odierna e` piuttosto positiva visto che gli intellettuali hanno cominciato di porre le domande serie su se stessi.

리비아 대수로공사 지역의 지반특성

홍원표,남정만,김시현,이재호 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1996 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.26 No.-

리비아 사막지역의 지반특성을 연구하기 위하여 리비아 1단계 대수로공사가 실시된 지역의 지반특성을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 Sarir 취수원에서 Ajdabiya 저수조를 경유하여 Sirt 저수조까지의 대수로 공사지역을 따라 실시된 실내시험과 현장시험결과를 포함하고 있다. 이 지역은 내륙지역(Sarir 취수원에서 Ajdabiya 저수조까지)과 해안지역(Ajdabiya 저수조에서 Sirt 저수조까지)으로 구분하여 연구된다. 본 연구결과, 지표면 부근에 있는 모암(Cap rock)은 주로 Caliche나 석회사암(Calcarenite) 성분을 많이 띠고 있고, 이들의 깊이에 따른 강도변화는 발견할 수 없었다. 또한 모래에 대한 Ncl도 깊이에 대한 변화를 발견할 수 없었으나 이들을 종류별로 분류하였을 경우, N치가 약간 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 끝으로 해안지역의 점토에서는 지표면부근에서 조금 과압밀된 경향을 볼 수 있었으며, 내륙지역의 점토에서는 대단히 높은 팽윤포텐셜이 관찰되었다. To study geotechnical properties on Sahara desert of Libya, geotechnical characteristics in the region of the Great Man-made River Project were reviewed. A series of field and laboratory tests were carried out along the route of the conveyance lines from Sarir well field to Sirt end reservoir through Ajdabiya holding reservoir. In the view of geotechnical aspect, the research subject area can be divided into two areas ; one is the inland area(from Ajdabiya holding reservoir to Sirt reservoir). The results of this study showed that the cap rocks nearby ground surface were generally composed of caliche or calcarenite and variation of its strength according to depth could not find. Also, N value in sand did not show a trend of variation with depth however, the N value in the classified soil reveals tendency to increased. The clay of ground surface in the coastal area was slightly overconsolidated due to the desiccation of the surface soils. The clay in the inland area had high swelling potential.

생쥐 鼻中隔 各種 粘膜上皮 및 粘膜下腺의 分布樣狀과 그 表面積에 관한 硏究

金東煥,金武剛,申台均,金弘善,柳時潤,李永浩 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1986 충남의대잡지 Vol.13 No.1

In order to set the distribution pattern and surface area of the mucosal epithelium and submucosal gland in the mice nasal septum. 3-month-old healthy 6 mice weighing 25gm approximately have been contributed for this research. For the mapping of the each nasal epithelium and submucosal gland in the submicroscopic level, the routine paraffin block of the mice nasal septum were cut as the 10㎛ thick at 110㎛ intervals. Consecutive 2 slides were stained with H-E and PAS and reconstructed in form of maps representing the structure in a sagittal plane. The results obtained from this research were summarized as follows. 1. The unilateral nasal surface epithelial area of the mice nasal cavity was 31.23㎟ 2. The areas of the stratified squamous epithelium, respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium which compose the unilateral nasal epithelium were 4.47㎟(14.3%), 12.7㎟(40.8%), and 14.02㎟(44.9%), respectively. 3. Submucosal glands in the mice nasal septum were divided into the PAS-positive, PAS-negative and Bowman's glands by the PAS staining. 4. The surface area of the PAS-positive glands in the nasal unilateral septum was 5.23㎟ which is located in the central area of the respiratory portion. 5. The surface area of the PAS-negative glands in the nasal unilateral septum was 5.05㎟ which is located above and below the PAS-positive gland. 6. The surface area of the Bowman's glands was 12.1 ㎟ which was located in the olfactory region. 7. In the vestibular region., 3 ducts of PAS-negative glands of the respiratory region are found, and below the nasal septum there is the infraseptal gland(PAS-negative).

Thrombolytic Era에서의 급성 심근 경색증의 임상적 고찰 : An Analysis for Cause of Death in the Thrombolytic Era

김승정,박시훈,조홍근,신길자 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1998 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.21 No.2

목적: 급성 심근 경색증에서 혈전용해 치료를 시행하여 관상 동맥의 재관류가 이루어진 경우 뚜렷하게 사망률이 감소된 결과를 보고한 많은 연구들이 있었다. 재관류가 이루어진 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우에 각각의 사망률이 TIMI-1 trial(1987)에서는 8.1%와 14.8%, TAMI tir-al(1993)에서는 4.5%와 17.5%로 뚜렷한 차이를 보여주었다. 그에 따라 최근에 혈전용해 치료는 급성 심근경색증 환자의 초기 치료에서 가장 중요한 치료방법의 하나로 정착되었다. 그러나 아직까지 심인성 쇽으로 발현한 경우 등에 있어서는 혈전용해치료의 유용성이 인정되고 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 급성 심근 경색증 환자들에게서 임상적 경과를 분석하여 환자들의 사망에 관계되는 요소들을 발견하여 치료방법의 개선점을 밝혀보고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 1993년 9월부터 1995년 8월까지 이화여자대학교 의과대학 부속 목동병원에 급성 심근 경색증으로 내원하였던 112명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 환자들에 대해서 관상동맥 질환의 위험요인, 심전도 소견, 내원시의 Killip class, 혈전용해제 투여 여부 및 합병증 등에 대해서 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과: 1) 환자들의 평균연령은 59±11세였고 남녀비는 2.1:1 이었다. 2) 환자들의 내우너 당시의 Killip class는 Ⅰ이 58명(52%), Ⅱ 43명(38%), Ⅲ 7명(6%), Ⅳ가 4명(4%)이었다. 3) 환자들이 흉통의 발현후 병원에 도착하기까지 지연된 평균 시간은 2시간 40분이었고 48%인 54명의 환자에서 흉통 발생후 2시간 이내에 병원에 도착하였다. 4) 심근경색의 부위는 하벽 42명(37.5%), 전벽 24명(21.4%), 전측벽 22명(19.6%), 하후벽 9명(8.0%), 측벽 4명(3.6%), 전하벽 3명(2.7%), 후벽 1명(0.9%), 측후벽 1명(0.9%), 전측하벽 1명(0.9%), 전측후벽 1명(0.9%), 비Q파 경색이 4명(3.6%) 이었다. 5) 총 112명의 환자 중 80명(71%)에서 관상 동맥 조영술을 시행하였다. 평균 좌심실 구혈율은 48±11%였다. 단일 혈관 질환이 49명(61%), 이혈관 질환은 18명(23%), 삼혈관 질환이 7명(8%)이었고 정상 관동맥 조영 소견을 보인 경우가 6명(8%)이 있었다. 6) 환자들의 치료는 보존적인 치료를 받았던 경우가 23명(21%)이었고 80명(71%)에서 혈전용해제 투여를 하였다. 9명(8%)의 환자에서는 응급 경피적 관상동맥 풍선 성형술(direct percutaneous coronary angiop-lasty)을 시행하였다. 7) 심근 경색증의 합병증으로는 심낭 삼출이 9명(8%), 좌심실류가 7명(6%), 심실성 부정맥이 5명(4%)이 있었다. 8) 12명의 환자들이 사망하여 사망율은 10.7%였다. 사망한 환자들의 평균 연령은 67±10세였고 평균 병원 도착 시간 지연은 3시간 30분이었다. 12명중 7명의 환자에서 혈전용해제를 투여하였다. 내원 당시의 환자들의 Killip class는 Ⅰ은 없었고 Ⅱ 6명, Ⅲ 4명, Ⅳ가 2명으로 사망한 환자들과 생존 환자들 사이에 p 값이 0.05이하로 의의있는 차이를 보였던 것은 환자들의 연령 및 내원 당시의 환자의 Killip class였다. 본 연구를 통해 급성 심근 경색증의 사망률이 국내의 다른 보고와 비교해 볼 때 비교적 낮음을 관찰하였다. 이는 환자들의 응급실 도착 시간이 다른 보고에 비해 빨랐으며 이에 따라 혈전용해제 치료를 받은 예가 많았기 때문으로 분석된다. 본 연구에서 급성 심근 경색증 환자들의 사망에 관여한 가장 중요한 인자는 환자들의 연령과 내원 당시의 Killip class이다. 최근과 같이 혈전용해제 투여가 급성 심근 경색증의 치료의 근간이 되고 있는 시점에서 특히 고 위험군의 환자들에게는 혈전용해제 치료 뿐 아니라 다른 치료 방법, 즉 응급 경피적 관상 동맥 풍선 성형술이나 관상동맥 우회술(coronary artery bypass graft)등을 강구해야 할 것이다. Background : Many studies have reported that successful reperfusion with intravenous throm-bolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction(MI) decrease in-hospital and longterm mortality. Therefore thrombolytic therapy is used as an important treatment of early acute myocardial infarction. But the thrombolytic therapy has not been established in the patients representing cardiogenic shock. The purposes of the article are to characterize the clinical findings and to analyze the causes of death in the thrombolytic era, and therefore to improve the treatment modalities. Methods : A retrospective clinical study was done on 112 patients with acute myocardial infarction, who had been admitted to Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital from September 1993 to August 1995. All patients was evaluated for coronary risk factors, EKG findings, Killip class on admission, coronary angiographic findings, treatment modality such as thrombolytic therapy, direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA) and conservative treatment, and complications. Result : 1) Patients' mean age was 59±11 years, and the male:female ratio was 2.1:1. 2) Patients' Killip class on arrival at emergency room was Ⅰin 52%, Ⅱ in 38%, Ⅲ in 6% and Ⅳ in 4%. 3) The mean pre-hospital time delay was 2 hours and 40 minutes, and 54 patients(48%) arrived at emergency room within 2 hours after onset of chest pain. 4) The location of the infarction were inferior wall(37.5%), anterior wall(21.4%), anterolateral wall(19.6%), inferoposterior wall(8.0%), lateral wall(3.6%), anteroinferior wall(2.7%), lateroposterior wall(0.9%), posterior wall(0.9%), anterolateroinferior wall(0.9%), anterolateroposterior wall(0.9%), and Non-Q infarction(3.6%). 5) Coronary angiography were performed in 80 patients(71%), and mean ejection fraction was 48±11%, and mean wall motion score index was 1.9±0.6. One vessel disease was 49(61%), two vessel disease was 18(23%), three vessel disease was 7(8%), and normal finding was 6(8%). 6) The conservative treatment was done in 23(21%), and thrombolytic therapy in 80(71%). The nine patients(8%) were treated with direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA). 7) The complications of infarction were pericardial effusion(8%), left ventricular aneurysm(6%), and ventricular tachycardia(4%). 8) Twelve patients(10.7%) were expired. Their mean age was 67±10 years, and mean pre-hospital time delay was 3 hours 30 minutes. The thrombolytic therapy was used in seven patients. Mortalities were observed 0%, 50%, 33%, and 18% in patients with Killip classification Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and Ⅳ, respectively. Patient's age and Killip class on admission were the most important prognostic factors were patients' age and Killip class on arrival at emergency room. Thus, even in the thrombolytic era, other treatment modality(e.g. direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft) would be considered.

승모판 대치술후에 발생한 좌심실유출로 폐색 1예

김도연,조홍근,정익모,박시훈,박성훈,신길자,정병철 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.1

안와내벽의 단독외향골절에서 골절정도와 안구함몰정도와의 관계

진홍률,신시옥,추무진,최영석,양상권,김종욱 대한이비인후과학회 1998 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.41 No.5