정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Interrelation of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, and p27Kip1 Expression on Tissue Arrays of Breast Cancer

Sehwan Han,Young-Duck Kim,Hong-Yong Kim,Hong-Joo Kim,Kyeongmee Park,Byung-Noe Bae,Suk Yong Ryu,Ki Hwan Kim 대한암학회 2002 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.34 No.5

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical impact of the alteredexpression of cell cycle regulators in stage I and II breastcancers.Materials and Methods: The interaction between cyclinD1/E and p27Kip1 expressions were analyzed usingtissue microarray (TMA) technology in 133 breast cancers.Data from the immunohistochemical assays of 3molecules were merged, and analyzed, with a Ki67labeling index of the same tumors.Results: Cyclin D1 was expressed in 72 breast carcinomas(54.1%) and cyclin E in 60 (45.1%) out of the 133breast carcinomas. Expressions of cyclin D1 and cyclinE were inversely related to each other, and significantlyassociated with the estrogen receptor (ER) expressionand differentiation of the breast carcinoma. The expressionof cyclin E was significantly decreased in tumorsexpressing cyclin D1 (p=0.022). There was a trend forcyclin D1 expression to increase in tumors expressingp27Kip1 (p=0.053), but the expression of cyclin E didnot correlate with p27Kip1 expression. The Ki67 labelingindex was markedly increased in tumors expressing cyclinE, whereas it was significantly decreased in the cyclin D1or p27Kip1 expressing-tumors. From survival analysis,cyclin E expression was the only significant variable forthe prediction of poor survival.Conclusion: The abnormal expressions of cell cycleregulatory molecules are prevalent, and interrelated witheach other in breast cancer. Integration of TMA technologyallowed a high-throughput analysis for correlating molecularthe in situ findings, with the clinico-pathologicinformation. Among the three molecules studied, thecyclin E had a prognostic implication for stage I and IIbreast cancer. (Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34:388-393)

Expression Profiles of Retinoblastoma Protein and p27Kip1 According to HER2 Amplification Status in Primary Breast Cancer

신재호,Sung-Jin Park,Hyun-Jin Cho,Geumhee Gwak,Byung-Noe Bae,Ki Whan Kim,Hong-Yong Kim2,Kyeongmee Park,Sehwan Han 한국유방암학회 2009 Journal of breast cancer Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)/neu amplification affects the cell proliferation through the modulation of multiple G1 cell cycle regulators in breast tumor cells. We performed this study to investigate whether retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and p27Kip1 were differently expressed according to the HER2 amplification status in human breast cancer. Methods: HER2 amplification was assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and the expression of cell cycle regulators were assayed by immunohistochemistry on 153 consecutive invasive breast cancers. The proliferative activity of breast cancer was analyzed according to the HER2 amplification and cell cycle protein expression status. Results: HER2 amplification was observed in 39 (25.5%) of 153 breast cancers. In the HER2 amplified breast cancers, the pRB expression was significantly increased (p=0.011) whereas there was no significant relationship between HER2 amplification and p27Kip1 expression. There was an inverse correlation between pRB expression and Ki-67 labeling index in the HER2 amplified breast cancers (p=0.036). In contrast, Ki67 labeling index was significantly decreased as p27Kip1 expression increased in HER2 non-amplified breast cancers (p=0.028). In HER2 non-amplified breast cancers, we could not observe any association between the pRB expression and Ki67 labeling index. Conclusion: The proliferation of the breast cancers was associated with pRB expression in HER2 amplified tumors whereas it was associated with p27Kip1 expression in HER2 non-amplified tumors. The results of the current study indicate that the cell proliferative activity of the breast cancer is under different growth signal pathways according to HER2 amplification status.

轉移·割當分析과 地域計劃

洪起容 檀國大學校 地域硏究所 1984 地域硏究 Vol.5-6 No.-

The shift and share analysis has become a very popular tool in regional analysis and regional policy. It has been used both a descriptive device and as an Analytical tool. Despite several unsolved theoretical and empirical considerations, shift and share analysis of regional growth has become increasingly popular since 1960. It is relatively inexpensive to implement to a complex input-output analysis. Its data requirement are not overly rigorous. Furthermore, principal methodological procedures are straight forward, because of a its usefulness. The frequent use, together with the continuing discussion about the various merits and demerits of the techniques itself, make desirable a general assessment of the potential contribution of the shift and share analysis. This paper attempts to introduce it as an adquate tool of regional analysis for regional policy making in Korea by identifying and testifying its theory and practical applications. It is also the purpose of this paper to suggest and introduce an approach to regional modelling which satisfies the endogeneity criterion of the growth components of employment and to show the way in which regional expansion paths of output and employment can be developed. This article is organized several parts: A theoretical model is discussed; estimation procedure of the method is proved; empirical estimation is tested; and finally it deals with the limitations, significance and policy implications of the model.

철도 차량의 동적 안정성에 관한 연구

홍용기,유원희,박영필,박해성 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.23 No.1

The object of this study is to analyze the dynamic characteristic of lateral damper for the railway vehicle. The vibration characteristics are studied from eigenvalue analysis for critical velocity, and frequency analysis for the effects of the damper. Critical velocity of the model passenger car is found to be a) 20 m/s for damping force of 0 kg s/m, b) 64 m/s for damping force of 1,500 kg s/m, c) 60∼74 m/s for damping force of 730∼2,500 kg s/m. In high speed running, damping force should be decreased for high critical velocity. Lateral damping force should be greater than 730 kg s/m for stable running.

地域成長 理論에 관한 考察

洪起容 단국대학교 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The fact that regions grow at different rates is well known. In spite of a great deal of approaches toward regional growth, there is still no general acceptable explanation of regional growth differences. It is generally agreed that general themes of describing regional growth have been developing along two main routes; macro-economic and economic geographers approaches. In this sense, the purpose of this article is to review existing global regional growth theories; neolclassical approach, export-base model, cumulative growth, polarization hypothesis and econometric model. The follows are specific problems of theorizing its models in regional growth differences as; 1) The base of neoclassical model of regional growth which offers a theoretical justification for regional growth which offers a theoretical justification for regional growth is the aggregate production function. The main theme of this theory could be interpreted that regional growth is a consequence of factor mobility and capital move from lower-to higher-yielding regions, and all regions gain as a result of such movements. However, this approach has a serious disadvantage such as far too aggregative, resource shifts between industries within a region, excessive concentration on the influence of supply factors and constant returns to scale. Morever, capital movement in developing countries is largely depended upon its industrial policy due to relatively low rate of regions savings. 2) The export base model of regional growth emerged from several historical studies of the growth and development of resource based regions. Main forces of regional development are regional specializaion, comparative advantages, favorable raw materials endowed and external demand for a regions output. Many scholars pointed out that this model is too simplest form and some factors including local initiative and government policies are ignored as well as lack of suitable data to analyze in small countries like Korea. 3) The polarization hypothesis process occurs at different levels of spatial aggregation. It stresses the tendencies of economic mechanisms polavised in both geographical and economic space through the process of cumulative causation and economies of scale. The weakness of this hypothesis could not explain that the powerful internal and external economies reaped by growth centres give diseconomies such as urban congestion, polution and high land values. Additionally the government may influence regional resource allocation to stimulate regional growth for the less development regions. 4) Regions growth in a complex process influenced by many geographical and spatial factors. Econometric model as a devise to analyze and forcast this complex process of regional growth has become inceasingly interested. This model offers a good compromise between economic base and input-output by providing information which also give a move flexible approach to analysis of regional growth. The limitation of existing econometric regional growth model stems from the quality and availability of adquate data as well as regional industrial structure with available production conditions. 5) Cumulative causation model is a partial reconsiliation which accumulate aggregation economies. labour productivity and the technological progress over time into growth paths. Since the growth rate is influenced by many factors, it is difficult to clearly explain major contributing factors into regional growth and cumulative changes over time.

운동선수의 임장불안에 대한 연구

홍관이,이광재,김두경,부기원,노성규,한상준,박기동,오수일,문병용,이철규,박장평,엄기진,박남환 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1984 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.9

This study is designed to grasp the elements and situations of stage fright in order to propose a part of ways to cope with it. We make 511 top-class high school players, male and female, in the central districts (Seoul, Inchon, Kyungki, Chungbuk, and Kangweon Province) on object of questionnaire, and get the following results. Through players generally have all-round characters they show weakness in the superiority and emotional stability while showing strength in the sonformity. This fact comes to be related to the elements which cause stage fright. Physiological changes also have many effects on the symptom of stage fright. Especially, stage fright increases when players show sensitive reaction to the self-consciousness of final consequence which comes from the tension or uneasiness of sympathetic nerve, Thus, it turns out that players make use of reducing psychological burden by physical exercise or adjusting the level of demanded result in order to release the stage fright.

鐵筋콘크리트 暗渠의 最適設計에 관한 硏究

金勇熙,柳泓烈 東亞大學校 大學院 1983 大學院論文集 Vol.7 No.-

This study is concerned with structural analysis and the optimum design of the reinforced concrete culvert using the ultimate strength design, and having multi-constraints and multi-design variables. The variables adopted in this mathematical model consist of design variable including sectional sizes and steel areas. The cost function is taken as the objective function in the formulation of optimal problem. A number of constraint equation involving flexual stress, trust stress, steel ratio, deflection, side limit is derived in accordance with ACI Code reguicement on the base of ultimate strength design theory. Both objective function and constraint eguation derived into terms of design variable generally become high degree nonlinear programming problems. SLP is introduced as an analytical method of nonlinear optimization problem in this study. Optimal algorithm that can optimize a structure synthetically carrying on both analysis and design of a structure. Form this research it is found that the algorithm developed in this study is applicable to optimization of reinforced concrete box culvert and converges to optimal solution with 3 to 4 iteration regardless of initial variables. The result shows that optimal design can be possible an economical design.

초등 사회과 3학년 지역화 교수·학습자료개발 연구

홍기대,손정선,김언식,김용조,이광성,김경운 光州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2002 初等敎育硏究 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study is in developing locally-oriented teaching-learning materials to motivate students to effectively take part in activities using map and in improving the field work of social studies to plan a map learning and to give them the ability of practice. It represents the right order involved in teaching the activities using map after doing preceding learning : classroom, playground, and the environs of the school including to some learning methods such as a puzzle map, a correlative of learning. Field trip study planning and lesson-plan are designed in case of Sewage disposal plant, Duknam filtration plant, Bonchon industrial complex relating to field trip study. There are some effects expected which follow through this study. First, teachers are able to draw learner's interest in finding learning sources directly through the community where they live. Second, learners have active participation in class, motivation, drawing their interests through map learning by doing preceding study of learner-centered. Third, teachers can make use of it as useful tools to get high achievement goal with self-direct learning.

공기소총 사격시의 생체변화 분석

엄기진,이철규,박장평,이광재,문병용,홍관이,노성규,오수일,박기동 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 1985 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.10

This study conducted for analyze the process of physiological variation during shooting, and produce the basic data for training prescription to the performance improvement in Air Rifle Shooting, 9 Elite Rifle shooters )College 3, High School 3, Middle School 3) in GangWeon province were tested the physiological parameter which are Electrocardiograph(E.C.G), Heart-rate(H.R), Respiratory pattern, and Trigger time by polygraph system 8 channel from Sept. 1st to Sept. 10th, 1985. Analyzed experimental results are as follows; 1. Firing at T-P wave in E.C.G, 77.68bpm in H.R)16.68% by resulting H.R), the deep size of inspiration-expiration was low, and 8.34 sec of trigger interval were appeared when the shooter acquired high score. 2. The most effective factor among physiological parameters for excellent shooting score is the inspiratory volume with decresc breathing pattern. 3. Shooting performances correlated with stability and static-dynamic balance, but flexibility effected on negative correlation.