DJ-1/park7 modulates vasorelaxation and blood pressure via epigenetic modification of endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Won, Kyung Jong,Jung, Seung Hyo,Jung, Soo Hyun,Lee, Kang Pa,Lee, Hwan Myung,Lee, Dong-Youb,Park, Eun-Seok,Kim, Junghwan,Kim, Bokyung Oxford University Press 2014 Cardiovascular research Vol.101 No.3

<P><B>Aims</B></P><P>DJ-1/park7, a multifunctional protein, may play essential roles in the vascular system. However, the function of DJ-1/park7 in vascular contractility has remained unclear. The present study was designed to investigate whether the DJ-1/park7 is involved in the regulation of vascular contractility and systolic blood pressure (SBP).</P><P><B>Methods and results</B></P><P>Norepinephrine (NE) elevated contraction in endothelium-intact vessels in a dose-dependent manner, to a greater extent in DJ-1/park7 knockout (DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP>) mice than in wild-type (DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP>) mice. Acetylcholine inhibited NE-evoked contraction in endothelium-intact vessels, and this was markedly impaired in DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice compared with DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP>. Nitric oxide (NO) production (82.1 ± 2.8% of control) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression (61.7 ± 8.9%) were lower, but H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> production (126.4 ± 8.6%) was higher, in endothelial cells from DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice than in those from DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP> controls; these effects were reversed by DJ-1/park7-overexpressing endothelial cells from DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. Histone deacetylase (HDAC)-1 recruitment and H3 histone acetylation at the eNOS promoter were elevated and diminished, respectively, in DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice compared with DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP> controls. Moreover, SBP was significantly elevated in DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice compared with DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP> controls, but this elevation was inhibited in mice treated with valproic acid, an inhibitor of Class I HDACs including HDAC-1.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>These results demonstrate that DJ-1/park7 protein may be implicated in the regulation of vascular contractility and blood pressure, probably by the impairment of NO production through H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-mediated epigenetic inhibition of eNOS expression.</P>

서구 공원 녹지 배치 계획 이론의 초기 발전 과정과 특성

박구원 ( Koo Won Park ) 한국녹지환경디자인학회 2006 녹지환경학회지 Vol.2 No.2

In America and Europe from the latter part of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the planning ideologies of park system and greenbelts were made and these planning ideologies are called Green Network System. They are different in terms of the purpose, type and method, but they have common characteristics of encouraging order and amenity in cities based on the consecutive connection of green space, and of coping with the problems happening in cities. Just as the park system was made, centering around new America and greenbelts were developed to meet with the problems happening in large cities, the structural arrangement and the roles of greens should be different. However, this connection system of greens was oriented in the circumstances of America and Europe at that time so it has not been confirmed what sizes of cities it would be useful for. On the other hand, separately from the Green Network System, the theory of park arrangement is being developed. It intends to cope with deterioration of the living environment caused by overcrowded cities and with increase in the demands of public parks. It is based on the neighborhood unit and the science of human settlement. In addition, the theory of park arrangement is based on the effects of greens in use, rather than, in decoration so it encourages dispersion and hierarchical system of parks, having the human settlement as base. Consequently, the theory of park arrangement is influenced by the characteristics and the type of households, and it has a required area and planning unit. However, this theory has the right for walking and human scale as the basic unit so for the large parks that are beyond the human scale, the planning criteria are not clear. The theory of park arrangement, which is based on the neighborhood unit, may be useful for the cities with tens of thousands of residents, but it is partially applied for the cities with 500,000~1,000,000 residents. And further, in organizing the green system for the whole city, the theory of park arrangement can be ignored. As seen in the above, the existing arrangement theory has some problems: it is just for partial application; and it is not suitable for the size and the growing speed of cities. The greens in cities should be operated as the comprehensive system, but greenbelts and park arrangement have been studied separately so far. That`s why it is necessary to review again the existing arrangement theory.

한 · 중국 공원 관리체계 비교 고찰 - 서울시와 베이징시 직영관리 공원을 중심으로 -

박율진 ( Park Yool Jin ),정정수 ( Chung Jung Soo ) 전북대학교 부설 휴양및경관계획연구소 2009 휴양및경관연구 Vol.3 No.1

서울시와 베이징시의 두 도시의 공원 관리체계의 현황, 유형, 관리조직, 이용객, 예산, 문화활동 분야로 구분하여 정리하였고, 양국 비교분석 하였다. 두 도시의 공원 관리체계의 기본기능과 내용은 대체적으로 동일하나, 그러나 구체적인 방면에서 차이가 많다. 공원녹지 통계, 오락공원시설, 이용객 및 구성원의 신분 통계, 수입관리방식, 관리조직과 기능, 이용객을 끌어들이는 방식 및 관련 있는 법규의 내용등 방면에서 나타난다. 공원관리의 과정에서 나타나는 차이의 주요원인은 국가의 문화, 행정체제가 다른데 있으며, 목표에 도달하기 위하여 두 도시 모두 많은 방면에서 노력을 하고 있으며, 시설의 재정비, 공원문화의 혁신 등을 통하여 이용객 만족도를 높이는 것이다. 두 도시의 도시녹화, 공원시설, 이용객 활동, 구성원과 원림수입/지출방면의 통계자료로 두 도시의 특징과 차이를 보이고, 도시공원의 문화활동, 입장료 판매방식, 수입/지출관리 방식을 비교하여 최종에 두 도시의 공원관리방식에 관련 있는 법규내용의 차이가 나타났다.. 공원관리사업에서도 공통적으로 공원조성, 수목 및 화훼, 시설물 보수 및 정비, 환경위생, 공원 서비스, 유람 서비스등 서비스가 포함되기 때문에 관리내용이 비교적 업무량도 많으나. 그러나 베이징시의 경우 공원 구성원들은 반드시 계획대로 고효율적으로 공원관리를 진행하여 공원관리의 목적에 도달해야 하다는 인식이 지배적이다. 그러나 비교할 수 있는 자료는 문화와 행정체계가 다르고 연구 자료도부족하기 때문에 내용도 한계가 있다고 보며, 중국의 녹지 정책, 넓게는 중국의 환경개선 및 보호 정책에 대한 정보가 매우 부족한 상태이므로 정책과 실상을 알아보는 것이 가장 우선되어야 할 것이다. The park management systems of two cities of Seoul and Beijing have been classified and summarized by the present condition, type, management organization, users, budget and cultural activity field to compare and analyze them. The basic function and content of the park management system in two cities are generally same but there are many differences in concrete details such as statistics of green tracts in the park, amusement park facilities, social position statistics of users and constituents, income management system, management organization and function, method to attract users and provisions of related regulations. The main causes of differences generated in the course of park management come from different national cultural and administrative system and both cities exert efforts in many fields to achieve their targets and enhance satisfaction of users through rearrangement of facilities, innovation of park culture, etc. Two cities have characteristics and differences in statistics data of urban afforestation, park facility, activity of users, constituents and income/expenditures and finally, there are differences in legal provisions related to park management system of two cities comparing cultural activities, admission fee sale method and income/expenditure management system of urban parks. The park management business commonly includes services such as park afforestation, tree and flowers, facility repair and maintenance, environmental hygiene, park service, sightseeing service, etc. so they have a great deal of workload. However, in case of Beijing city, park members have dominative understanding to achieve the object of park management by making sure to efficiently mange parks as planned. However, I believe that we have limited data to be compared due to the different cultural and administrative system and insufficient study data, and for lack of information on environmental improvement and protection policy as well as afforestation policy in China, we should investigate the policy and actual situation at first.

저전력 주차 안내 시스템 설계

박주용(Ju-Yong Park),임형규(Hyeong-giu Lim) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2011 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.5 No.1

The parking guidance system can increase driver’s convenience with detailed parking information service in the parking lot. At the same time, parking guidance system consumes non-negligible electrical energy with large amount of sensors, displays and control modules. With the increase in the demand for green and sustainable building design all over the world, it becomes a meaningful issue for parking guidance system to reduce operating power. This paper presents the preliminary design and estimated results of a parking guidance system which is optimized to reduce the power consumption mainly on detectors and displays. The system design is based on pre-developed wireless parking detectors, Park Tile and Park Disk. The system has a number of parking space detectors, vehicle count detectors, information displays, guidance terminals and other control units. We have performed system architecture design, communication network design, parking information service scenario planning, battery life regulation and at last operating power estimation. The estimated operating power was 0.4 watt per parking-slot, which is 17% of traditional systems. The estimated annual maintain cost was 43% of traditional systems.

도시공원의 이용후 평가에 기초한 공원의 개발지표 설정 : 부산광역시 암남공원을 사례로 Case Study of Amnam Park in Busan City

박승범,김승환,남정칠,강영조,이기철,김석규 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prime factors that affect to user postoccupancy evaluation of activities and facilities in urban parks, to classify those factors, to find out factors about them, and then to suggest important indicators in the urban park planning, design, and development. The survey research was done using the self-administered questionnaire method by 435 peoples in the Busan City who participated in recreational activities in the Amnam Park. The Analysis of the data primarily consists of two phase: The first analysis was dealt an exploratory factor analysis which identified major factors involved in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the SPSS(Ver.6.0) program and the second analysis was used to investigate the factors affected to user postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis. According to the factor analysis, user postoccupancy evaluation of facilities in urban parks concerning the 20 variables, 5 prime factors by the staistical values were considered. The factor analysis showed that user postoccupancy evaluation of activities in urban parks concerning the 11 variables, 3 prime factors by the staistical values were analysed. Postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis suggested that the two varlables as 'the directions of park development' and 'companies with the personal specific characteristics' are significant in addition to the some variables presented in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the factor analysis. Furthomore the analysis models were identified as having significant effects on the factor and regression analysis. Overall fits of both models were very good. These significant relationships indicate important factors and variables that should be considered in planning, design, and development of the urban parks. Therefore, development direction of the h a m park has to be analyzed as significant factors concerning user postoccupancy evaluation in a systematic way, recognized as important variables for planning process. The urban park has to be fully designed and established in the planning process not by the decision-maker's subjective evaluation but by user postoccupancy evaluation.

상용차 기반에 대한 주차보조시스템 사용자 감성 평가

전재석(Jaeseok Jeon),박현배(Hyunbae Park),문희석(Heeseok Moon),곽수진(Sujin Kwag) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5

In this paper, we described about evaluation of human sensibility using park assist system of the commercial vehicle. The perpendicular parking and parallel parking have been carried out as a user test and subjects are classified as beginning drivers, drivers with less than 1 year experience and over 3 years experience. As a result, parking duration of beginning drivers and drivers with less than 1 year experience who use automatic parking assistance system is similar to drivers with over 3 years experience. However error occurred according to sensor position and distance between vehicle and parking space. And also it occurred that the vehicle leaves from parking line or does not recognize the parking space. Therefore, if we improve its completeness by compensating problems that came up from this evaluation and distribute the automatic parking assistance system, it is expected that the park assistance system is to help driver providing convenience of parking.

노인의 공원이용 활성화를 위한 공원환경 평가지표 선정 및 환경 인식 분석-대구광역시를 중심으로-

박영은 ( Park Youngeun ),이우성 ( Lee Woosung ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.4

(Background and Purpose) Neighborhood parks are places where the elderly can easily access and perform various physical activities without without financial burden and are urban facilities where they can improve physical strength and maintain health. However, many parks in Korea are built according to the subjective and uniform design standards of the landscape designers, so there are many inconveniences for the elderly to use them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to select the assessment indicators in order promote park use the elderly as a place for maintaining health, to analyze the perception of park environment by applying the indicators targeting the neighborhood parks of Daegu Metropolitan City, and to explore the differences in perception of park environment according to the individual characteristics. (Method) The study areas were Jung-gu, Dong-gu, Nam-gu, and Seo-gu of Daegu, where the ratio of the elderly population was 14% or more and one neighborhood park was selected for each administrative district. The assessment indicators of park environment were selected based on 10 previous studies and brainstorming and the questionnaire survey was conducted in two rounds for the elderly. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, T-test, and F-test (Scheffe’s method) were used to analyze the questionnaire data. (Results) Through the review and brainstorming related to the park environment from the perspective of the elderly, a total of 20 indicators were selected such as 'various exercise facilities', 'safety of exercise facilities', 'enough resting facilities', and 'convenience of resting facilities'. As a result of analyzing the perception of the elderly's park environment based on the 290 survey data, the indicators such as 'distance to the park', 'area of green space', 'shade by trees', and 'convenience of walk' had a high environmental level of 4.0 or more. On the other hand, the indicators such as 'horticultural support space', 'various attractions', and 'linkage with welfare facilities' were evaluated at a low environmental level of 3.2 points or less. In addition, as a result of analyzing the difference in perception of park environment according to the individual characteristics of the elderly, the differences according to gender, age group, education level, and income level were analyzed statistically significant. Women rather than men perceived the overall park environment more positively. Those in their 60s had positive perceptions of dynamic facilities and those in their 80s had positive perceptions of static facilities. (Conclusions) The findings from this study will be meaningful basic data to carry out a remodeling for a neighborhood park or a project for improving the neighborhood environment in the elderly concentration area.

의열단원 박재혁(朴載赫)의 생애와 부산경찰서 투탄(投彈)

박철규 ( Park Chul-kyu ) 부산광역시사편찬위원회 2019 항도부산 Vol.37 No.-

Jae-hyuk Park was born as the only son in 183 Beomil-dong on May 17, 1895. At the age of 15, his father passed away and he lived with his mother and sister. On March 22, 1911, he graduated from Busanjin Primary School, and on March 22, 1915, he was the fourth graduate of Busan Public Commercial School. While attending Busan Public Commercial School, Jae-hyuk Park secretly reproduced and distributed 『Dongguk History』 with Cheon-taek Choi, Byeong-tae Kim and Hong-gyu Park. In his third grade, he formed Gusedan(救世團) with Cheon-taek Choi, Byeong-tae Kim, Hong-gyu Park, and Jae-young Oh, and issued a noticed to promote national identity in Busan and the whole region of Gyeongsangnam-do Province. Jae-hyuk Park left Busan in June 1917 to Shanghai and Singapore for more than three years to work in the trade industry. At the same time, he was seeking ways to contribute to the independence movement while interacting with his companions. He then decided to devote himself to the independence movement after the March 1 Independence Movement. Busan Police Station was targeted as the attack after the March 1 Independence Movement when Euiyeoldan had been organized by declaring the change of direction to the existing independence movement, and it was when everyone involved was arrested upon failure of the first national full-scale attack plan in June 1920. As a result, Euiyeoldan needed to achieve results and reverse the situation in a short time. Busan was also a gateway from Japan to Joseon and was developed as the typical colonial city, and had its symbolism as it was called as the second Osaka. In preparation for the rebellion, Jae-hyuk Park obtained information that Hashimoto, the Busan police chief, liked ancient books and disguised himself as the Chinese ancient book dealer by taking advantage of his experience in trade business. At about 2:30p.m. on September 14, 1920, he entered the Busan Police Station pretending to be on duty, approached chief Hashimoto from the right side and threw a bomb after declaring himself as a member of Euiyeoldan when the chief turned his body towards him. At that time, chief Hashimoto was slightly injured. Jae-hyuk Park was arrested at the scene after failing to escape due to his injury. Jae-hyuk Park was consistently charged with 'attempted murder' from the first trial of the Busan District Court to the third trial of the Gyeongseong High Court on March 31, 1921. Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to life imprisonment at the Busan District Court. However, the appeal by the prosecution annulled the original decision at the trial at the Daegu High Court, and Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to death. Eventually, Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to death as his final judgment on March 31, 1921 after the third trial of the Gyeongseong High Court. Jae-hyuk Park suffered from lung diseases due to tortures after arrest and injuries from the bomb, but his spirit was never thwarted. He died in Daegu prison at 11:20a.m. on May 11, 1921 before the execution.

공원범죄의 피해방지를 위한 합리적인 방안

박찬걸(Park, Chan-Keol) 한국피해자학회 2012 被害者學硏究 Vol.20 No.2

Before constructing parks, it's necessary to formulate plans in the direction of preventing crimes in advance, and follow-up management must be done after constructing the parks completely. If citizens are reluctant to use the parks because public safety is not guaranteed, the reason for being disappears. If the parks do not protect citizens from crimes, it would rather not exist than do harm to them. Rather, it is good policy. In this respect, the current system must be improved, which has no manual for crime prevention being confined to policy of increasing the number of parks. Through the government's expressing its firm will to secure public safety of parks by enacting clear provisions so that the original good will is not distorted to make resting places for citizens, a recognition that illegal acts which make others anxious are punished necessarily must be instilled into park users while taking a sound rest is protected thoroughly. In addition, the police should do the patrols actively in order to prevent crimes in the parks and try to increase street lamps and security CCTV installation in collaboration with the agencies concerned including gu offices. However, it can be said the most important thing to prevent damage of the crimes in the parks is the very civic consciousness. We should keep it in mind that along with continuous efforts by the police and public organizations, a sense of ownership that 'I am the owner of the park' and mature civic consciousness to ‘care for the park like my house’ will make the parks safe without crimes.

변화와 변용으로 본 근대기 서울 남산의 공원

박희성,Park, Hee-Soung 한국조경학회 2015 한국조경학회지 Vol.43 No.4

Unlike other mountains in Korea, Seoul Namsan(南山), which is one of the landmarks that represent the country's capital city, is perceived as a city park. This article aims to study the process that Namsan became a park and the transformation of its place in Korean Emperor and Japanese colonial period. The serial changes in Namsan, in early modern era, mean that is associated with the colonial urbanization and the rule of space by Japan. The stages of Waeseongdae Park(倭城臺公園), Gyeongseong Park(京城公園) and Hanyang Park(漢陽公園) under the leadership of Japan, due to the extension of Japan's power, Namsan has became the park. Here, the park has become a strategic tool of other's occupying Hanseongbu(漢城府), a capital city. The process that Namsan became a park dose not mean making the space for recreation and rest, but is an excuse for using the land. Since then, Namsan's parks barely fulfilled its original function as park as it was transformed into a shrine, Gyeongseong Jinjya(京城神社), for Japanese warriors or was incurred upon by Joseon Singung(朝鮮神宮), which was established as a facility to govern Korea, sometimes is gradually and sometimes is mercilessly. The fact, transplantation of Japanese culture and replacement as ruler space, is another aspect of occupying and govern place. In other words, while the process that Namsan became a park is the way of establishing Japanese force, the transformation of its place show a colonial rule as an aspect of space. Meanwhile, in spite of transformation to shrine, Namsan became accepted as a park for a long time, because of the forest of Namsan. Japan managed forest as a sacred place. It is also a result of the Japanese rule of space.