Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1

Lee, Yoo-hwan,Kim, Jung-hee,Song, Choon-ho,Jang, Kyung-jeon,kim, Cheol-hong,Kang, Ji-Sook,Choi, Yung-hyun,Yoon, Hyun-Min KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

어린 브리티쉬 숏헤어 고양이에서 발생한 비대성심근병증

임수정,이선희,손선호,최호정,송근호 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2008 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1

A l0-month-old, neutered male, British shorthair cat was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with the history of tachypnea, anorexia and depression which onset were two days ago. On physical examination, increased respiratory rate and no murmur were found. A complete blood count indicated thrombocytosis. Results from a serum biochemical profile demonstrated elevations in CK, ALP, BUN and Ca, and decreases in sodium, potassium and chloride. Thoracic radiographs revealed patchy interstitial opacity increase and left atrium enlargement. Echocardiographs showed the evidences of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which were hypertrophy of diastolic interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall. Other findings on echocardiography were the reverse E:A ratio(tranmitra1 inflow pattern) and absence of systolic anterior motion of mitral valve. Electrocardiographs demonstrated wide P and R wave, which mean left atrium enlargement and left bundle branch block, respectively. Medications including furosemide (2mg/kg), enalapril (0.25mg/kg), and spironolactone (1mg/kg) were prescribed twice a day and orally. Client education about exercise restriction and possibility of aggressive progress was given. Clinical signs suggestive of thromboembolism were developed on 6th day after showing tachypnea; right forelimb lameness, bilateral hindlimb lameness, loss of femoral pulse and severe pain. After all, euthanasia was performed at local animal hospital, according to the owner's request.

청소년의 스마트폰 중독과 우울 및 불안과의 관계

김경은,김필송,민주연,박수경,신서인,이지은,정해인,조호정,최정원,최정인 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the degree of smart phone addiction among adolescents and their depression and anxiety levels. Method: In this study, 379 high school students were selected using the convenient sampling method. The instruments used for this study were smart phone addiction measure, the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale), and the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Result: The mean score for smart phone addiction was 40.45±17.27, depression was 36.56±9.58, state anxiety was 44.00±9.61, and trait anxiety was 45.70±9.75. There were significant differences between the degree of smart phone addiction and the following variables: gender (t=-4.953, p<.001), hours of smart phone use per day (F=12.259, p<.001), types of frequently used features (F=3.485, p=.008), and satisfaction level for smart phone (F=5.18, p<.001). There were statistically significant relationships (p<.001) among degree of smart phone addiction, depression level, and state and trait anxiety levels. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that there was a significant relationship between smart phone addiction and mental health, specifically, depression and anxiety among adolescents. Further research is needed to develop nursing strategies to provide care for adolescents who frequently utilize smart phones.

백서의 복강내에 투여한 Mitomycin-C-Polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

송규상,강대영,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준목,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

To evaluate the in-vivo effects of mitomycin-C-polyglycolic acid composite(MMC-PGA) the disk: shaped composite were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of the Sprague-Dawley rats. The pathologic changes were examined at various time points up to 12 weeks. Initially the soft tissue around the inserted disks showed capillary congestion at 3 days. Inflammatory infiltrates with foreign body giant cells appeared from the 2nd week and reached peak response at 6-8 weeks. These reaction diminished prominently at 12 weeks. No specific pathologic change was found in the liver, the kidneys, and the heart. The above results suggest that the MMC-PGA composite can serve as a new device for intraperitoneal chemotherapy of various types of cancers.

유도 전동기의 속도 제어를 위한 견실한 퍼지 제어기 설계

宋鎬臣,禹靖仁,李浚柝,李五杰 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1993 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구에서는 최근 많은 관심이 되고 있는 퍼지 제어알고리즘을 이용하여 유도 전동기의 견실한 속도 제어기를 설계한다. 퍼지 제어는 설계자의 의지에 따라 제어기 성능이 결정되기 때문에 견실한 제어기 설계를 위하여 스케일 팩터의 선정법을 제안하였다. 실험 결과, 퍼지 제어기의 제어 성능 및 외란 특성이 종래의 비례-적분 제어기에 비하여 우수함을 입증하였다.

황성 섬강 상류의 어류상

송호복,권오길,전상호,김휘중,조규송 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-

Fish fauna was investigated from June to November 1993 at the upper Sum river in Hoengsong. Form of stream was Aa and Aa-Bb, and pH, DO and BOD were 7.3~7.9, 8. 8~10.2mg/1 and 1.3~l. 5mg/1. The collected fishes were classified twenty nine species belonging to twenty two genera and seven family , of witch twelve species were endemic species of Korea. Dominant species was Zacco temmincki and subdominant species was Coreoleuciscus splendus. Zacco platypus, Microphgsogobio longidorsalis and Acheilognathus signifer were also numerous. Scarce species were Hemibarbus labeo, Coditis lutheri and the like. The species diversity index, dominance index and evenness index were 2.552, 0.384 and 0.758.

스케일이 있는 급수관내의 유도초음파의 전파 특성에 관한 연구

송성진,김영환,이동훈,이현동,배철호,박정훈 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.23 No.1

배관 내의 스케일은 통수비를 감소시키므로 배관을 적절히 관리하기 위해서는 스케일량에 대한 정량적인 평가가 필수적이다. 상수도 급수관내의 스케일량을 평가하기 위해서 유도초음파를 사용하였다. 가변각 웻지를 사용하여 유도 초음파의 여러 모드를 발생시키고, 노후 배관을 따라서 전파하는 특성을 분석하였다. 실험적으로 관내의 스케일이 증가함에 따라서 f×d=1.5㎒·㎜인 경우에 F(M,2) 모드들의 진폭이 크게 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과로 상수도 급수관의 스케일량 평가에 적합한 유도 초음파는 F(M,2) 모드들임을 알 수 있었다. Since the scale in pipes reduces the flow rate, a quantitative evaluation of the scale is essential for the proper maintenance of pipes. Guided waves were employed to estimate the amount of scale in water supplying pipes. Using variable angle wedge, several modes of guided waves were generated and their propagation charcteristics along the pipes with scale were analyzed. It was experimentally observed that the amplitude of F(M,2) modes at f×d=1.5㎒·㎜ decreased significantly with increasing amount of scale. The present study showed that F(M,2) modes were optimal to evaluate the scale in water supplying pipes.

RF-magnetron 스퍼터링에 의해 제조된 HAp와 HAp-Ag 복합재료의 미세구조와 In-vitro 연구

송호연,이희정,고광균 순천향대학교 교수학습개발센터 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.3

Microstructure and in-vistro study of RF-magnetron sputtered HAp and HAp-Ag composite films on the ZrO_(2) substrate were investigated using XPS, SEM, AFM and HR-TEM techniques. The homogenous and dense films about 0.8 ㎛ in thickness were successfully obtained and they were comprised with nano-crystalline grains about 30 nm in diameter. Micro cracks were not found at the interfaces between HAp and ZrO_(2) substrate and also on theire films. Without the dependency of Ag addition the fracure mode of HAp-Ag films showed a transgranular type. Due to the excellent bioaffinity, osteoblast MG-63 cells wre grown well on the HAp and HAp-Ag films with dense and healthly morphology, although the growth rate of cells on the HAp-Ag film was slower than that of the HAp film.

HEMT소자의 전송특성 해석을 위한 채널내의 산란율에 관한 양자역학적 연구

송영진,도태영,황호정 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1994 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.24 No.-

In this paper the rates of two-and three-dimensional scattering are calculated in pseudomorphic ??/??/GaAs HEMT heterostructure systems. The electronic states and wave functions in the square quantum well are determined numerically by the self-consistent solution of Poisson's and Schrodinger's equations. The wave functions and energy levels obtained are used to calculate the major two-dimensional scattering rates in this structure. Polar optical- phonon and acoustic- phonon, piezoelectric, ionized impurity and alloy scattering rates are considered for the first two subbands. This results are compared to the three-dimensional scattering rates also calculated using by the triangular approximation of quantum well in the same structure.

백서 하악골에서 신연빈도에 따른 골형성 비교 연구

송정호,신상훈,김종렬 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical, radiographic, histologic and molecular changes in distraction osteogenesis according to different distraction rhythm in the rat's mandible. Forty-five adult male rats underwent open osteotomy between the second and third molars and external unilateral distraction device was applied. Latency was allowed for 5 days before distraction began. The distraction device was activated with same rate of 0.5㎜ per day and varying distraction rhythms of once daily, twice daily, four times daily until 3㎜ length gain was achieved. Tissues were harvested after 4 days, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after distraction for Western blot analysis, RT-PCR analysis and harvested 3 weeks, 6 weeks after distraction for clinical, radiographic, and histologic studies. Three animals were killed at each time point. The results obtained from this study were as follows: No significant difference was found on clinical examination according to distraction rhythms, and increasing the frequency of distradction was shown to improve regenerate bone formation on radiographic and histologic examination, and TGF-β1 expression increased when small, more frequent distractions were performed. From these results, it could be stated that more frequent distraction is shown to significantly improve and accelerate bone formation and has considerable effects on TGF-β1 expression.