예술과의 연계에 의한 조경설계기법에 관한 역사적 고찰 : 회화를 중심으로 Lanscape Architecture, Art, and Paintings

서주환,이경진,김교윤 경희대학교 부설 디자인연구원 1999 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.2 No.1

The modern cities are filled with the art and design. However, a lot of abandoned space would bring the design concept of cities to shame in the shade when we observe deeply the modern cities. Even though the design quality has been affected by the basic ability and knowledge of designer, the design methodology can improve the ability and quality of design. This study is concentrated on the connection of landscape architecture and other art fields for improving "the design quality". Especially, the unlimited applicable possibility of art is considered for the landscape architecture by focusing on the artistic pictures in this article. The fine art has affected directly and indirectly the landscape architecture activities. The meaning and symbolism for a piece of picture can express a city park as a small canvas in the modern mega-city. The picturesque concept of park design can give the possibility of not functional module but individually creativeness to the rest space of cities. Even though the most important element of design is the creativeness or originality, this element can have the limitation by the practical purpose in the real world. Therefore, the depth of design research can be deepen by the harder work through the basic functions and accurate studies.

Ehlers-Danlos 증후군 : 다발성 동맥류와 혈관 촬영의 합병증 Angiography with Complication

서경진 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1990 慶北醫大誌 Vol.31 No.3

A man with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome of the arterial type is described because of an uncommon disease of vascular systems and complications during angiography. He had multiple aneurysms at carotid, hepatic and gastric arteries. Also he suffered from carotid-cavernous fistula. The complications including hemothorax and aortic laceration developed during arteriography.

방사선치료실 주변의 선량 측정

서경진,이정범,김재철 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.2

목적 : 고에너지 선형가속기 및 고선량율 원격조정 애프터로딩 근접치료장치 사용 시 치료실주변의 누설선량에 대한 측정을 하여 원자력법에서 허용하는 기준선량 이하인지를 확인하기 위하여 본 실험을 시행하였다. 또한 Co-60 선원의 방사능을 교정하기 위하여 방사능을 계산하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 누설선량은 주당 12시간에 방사성 동위원소의 activity와 Γ-constant를 곱한 값 및 본 시설물의 두께와 십가층(TVL)을 이용하여 계산하였다. Co-60 선원의 측정은 선원과 전리함 사이의 거리를 10㎝으로 하여 온도와 압력, 교정계수 (58.5345R/nC) 을 보정한 평균 분당 선량을 X(0.475R/min) 에 10㎝의 측정거리를 1m로, 시간을 1시간으로 환산하여 이를 1 Ci의 Co-60에 대한 Γ-constant 로 나누어 실제 선원의 activity로 나타내었다. 결과 : 2개의 Cs-137과 1개의 Co-60를 이용한 치료 중에 측정한 값으로 점유도와 주당 사용시간을 고려한 일반구역에서의 주당누설선량은 원자력법에서 정한 허용선량보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 방사선 선원이 저장용기 내에 있을 때의 afterloading system의 누설선량 측정은 시스템에서 1m 떨어진 거리에서 측정하였는데 그 측정치는 0.05mR/h 이하로 나타났다. Co-60 선원의 측정값은 0.221 Ci였으며 이 값은 선원을 구입할 때 측정한 값 1.04 Ci의 시간에 따른 감소율을 고려한 값 0.249 Ci 보다 약 11% 더 작은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 측정 시에 선원을 스테인레스로 된 tandem 내에 놓고 측정하였기 때문에 그에 따른 흡수율을 고려하면 신뢰성 있는 측정값으로 생각되었다. In this experiment, we presented the calibration of a Buchler high dose rate remote afterloading system and the radiation survey around the radiotherapy treatment room to guarantee the health of personnel and patients. The radiation survey of the radiotherapy treatment room indicates that the leakage radiation is less than 0.1 mSv at every point and the use of present shielding will provide an adequate protection for personnel and patients. We also presented a unique procedure for performing the calibration of a radioactive isotope with an acryl device and it was strongly considered as a reliable one.

교정용 브라켓과 호선 간의 마찰 저항력의 비교

서충환,정혜승,조진형,강경화 대한치과교정학회 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.2

본 연구는 고정성 장치를 이용한 교정 치료에서 브라켓과 교정용 호선 사이의 활주 이동 동안 발생하는 마찰력에 디자인과 재질이 다른 각각의 브라켓과 여러 종류의 호선, 다양한 브라켓-호선 각도 등이 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 알아보기 위하여 4종의 브라켓(stainless steel twin 브라켓인 Gemini^(?), 좁은 근원심 폭경과 single bracket의 디자인이 포함된 Mini Uni-Twin^(?), metal-reinforced 세라믹 브라켓인 Clarity^(?), 세라믹 브라켓인 Transcend^(?)을 사용하고, 3종의 교정용 호선(0.016˝. 0.016×0.022˝ stainless steel호선, 0.016˝Nitinol)을 이용하여 브라켓-호선 각도를 0˚, 3˚, 9˚로 조절하면서 실험한 결과, Gemini^(?)는 유의하게 가장 낮은 정지, 운동 마찰력을 보였으며(P<0.001), Clarty^(?)는 0˚의 브라켓-호선 각도에, Transcend^(?)는 6˚와 9˚의 각도에서 유의하게 가장높은 정지, 운동 마찰력을 보였고(P<0.001), 0.016×0.022˝ stainless steel 각형 호선은 유의하게 가장 높은 정지, 운동 마찰력을 보였으며(P<0.01),0.016˝ stainless steel 원형호선은 0˚와3˚의 브라켓-호선 각도에서(P<0.01), 0.016˝ Nitinol은 6˚와9˚의 각도에서 (P<0.001)유의하게 가장 낮은 정지, 운동마찰력을 보였고 브라켓-호선 각도가 증가함에 따라 유의하게 정지, 운동마찰력도 증가 하였다(P<0.001) The object of this study was to evaluate how friction that occurs during the sliding movement of an orthodontic archwire through orthodontic brackets is differently affected by variant designs and ingredients of brackets and archwires and bracket-archwire angles. In order to simulate the situations which could occur during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, 4 types of brackets(Gemini^(?), a stainless steel twin bracket:Mini Uni-Twin^(?), a stainless steel bracket with a single bracket design and narrow mesio-distal width: Clarity^(?), a metal-reinforced cermic braket: T ranscend^(?), a ceramic bracket)and 3 types of orthodontic archwires (0.016˝, 0.016×0.022 stainless steel, 0.016˝ Nitinol)were used and the bracket-archwire angles were controlled as 0˚,3˚,6˚, and 9˚, Gemini^(?) significantly showed the lowest static and kinetic frictions (P<0.001). Clarity showed the highest static and kinetic frictions with a bracket-archwire angle of 0˚, and Transcend at 6˚ and 9˚(P<0.001). An 0.016×0.022˝ stainless steel rectangylar archwire significantly showed the highest static and kinetic frictions(P<0.01). The lowest static and kinetic frictions were observed when the bracket-archwire angles were 0˚ and 3˚ with 0.016˝ stainless steel round archwires(P<0.01), and 6˚ and 9˚ with 0.016 Nitinol(P<0.001). The static and kinetic frictions were increased as the bracket-archwire angles were increased(P<0.001).

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

위선암에서 p53 단백의 과발현과 임상 및 병리학적 예후인자와의 상관관계

서병조,유항종,이주호,주미,이혜경,김진복 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.2

Objective: Mutations in the p53 gene, one of the most common genetic alterations in human cancer, are implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Wild-type p53 negatively regulates the cell cycle; a loss of function by mutation might be expected to result in enhanced proliferating activity and tumor progression. A large number of immunohistochemical studies have confirmed p53 accumulation to be a very common feature of human malignancy. The aim of the present study was to determine whether p53 status in gastric cancer is correlated statistically with various histopathological indicators or not. Methods and Materials: A total of 197 surgically resected gastric adenocarcinomas were examined to determine whether a correlation exited between immunohistochemical expressions of the p53 protein and other histopathological factors. Results: p53 overexpression was observed in 46.2% of the gastric cancers. Overexpression of p53 was correlated with vascular invasion of gastric cancer(p=0.004). In early gastric cancer, the p53 overexpression rate was 42.3%, and of them, a correlation was found between the intestinal type of the Lauren classifcation(p=0.013) and histologically differentiated gastric cancer(p=0.014). Conclusion: p53 overexpression was significantly correlated with vascular invasion of gastric cancer. In cases of early gastric cancer, p53 overexpression was correlated with Lauren classification and differentiation. These results suggest that p53 mutation plays an important role in carcinogenesis in gastric adenocarcinomas. Further study in needed to determine the correlation between p53 overexpression and the prognosis for the gastric cancer patient.

이벤트개념에 의한 지역문화관광활성화 방안에 관한 연구

서주환,이경진,최자령 경희대학교 부설 디자인연구원 1999 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.2 No.1

The event, which vitalizes space, makes cultural inheritance and tourism resource more valuable. The purpose of this study is to provide a solution which vitalizes the regional culture-tourism with the concept of event. For this, the concept of event was defined with a general study. The effect of event was considered for the regional culture-tourism and the problem in this point was also considered. Moreover, as a result, new direction for the regional culture-tourism with the concept of event was provided as creation of event theme, consideration of fine arid space and participation of regional residents and tourism companies.

결핵의 진단법으로서 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사의 가치

서상철,은상진,김한길,송경은,서장수,최성만,이원길,김재식,김중명 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1994 慶北醫大誌 Vol.35 No.1

목적 : 결핵균 동정을 위한 중합효소 연쇄반응을 임상병리검사로서 적용하기 위한 기초 실험으로 분석학적 예민도와 특이도를 알아보고 검토된 조건에 의한 중합효소 연쇄반응을 실제 임상 가검물에 적용하기 위함이다. 재료 및 방법 : Ziehl-Neelsen염색 양성인 객담, 뢰벤스타인-젠센(Loewenstein-Jensen) 배지에서 분리된 결핵균 및 M. tuberculosis H37Rv를 비롯한 항산균 표준균주 11주와 비항산균 10주를 사용하여 2가지 DNA의 분리법, 3set 프라이머, 3종류 중합효소, 2가지 미량 원심시험관 및 Easy-Cycler^R(Ericomp사, 미국)와 수조형으로 검사를 시행하여 DNA 증폭 산물을 비교하였다. 또한 이미 지일-닐슨 염색법에 의한 선별검사에서 음성을 나타낸 객담 53예, 소변 101예, 삼출액 128예, 뇌척수액 54예 등 총 370예의 임상가검물을 대상으로 하여 위에서 검토된 중합효소 연쇄반응 조건으로 검사한 성적과 지일-닐슨 염색법, 배양법 성적과 비교하였다. 결과 : DNA분리방법 2가지와 3가지 중합효소는 분석학적 예민도와 5fg로 나타나 차이를 발견할 수 없었으며, 프라이머 P1, P2쌍은 예민도가 5fg, 프라이머 INS1, INS2쌍과 프라이머 Pt3, Pt6쌍의 예민도는 0.5fg이었다. Easy-Cycler^R가 수조형에 비해 높고, 미량 원심시험관은 Robbins사 제품이 Sarstedt사 제품에 비해 높은 분석학적 예민도를 나타냈다. 프라이머 P1, P2쌍과 프라이머 INS1, INS2와 Pt3, Pt6 2쌍의 프라이머의 특이도에 있어서는 항산균 표준균주 중 M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. tuberculosis ATCC 27294, M. bovis ATCC 29312의 3주에서 특이 증폭 띠를 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러나 비결핵성 항산균 8주에는 특이 증폭 띠를 나타내지 않았다. 또 비항산균 10주에도 특이 증폭 띠가 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 Robbins사의 미량 원심시험관과 proteinase-K법에 의한 DNA분리방법에 Easy-Cycler^R를 사용하여 프라이머 INS1, INS2쌍으로 일차 중합효소 연쇄반응을 시행한 후 프라이머 Pt3, Pt6쌍으로 이차중합효소 연쇄반응을 시행하는 방법을 370예의 임상가검물에 시행하였고 지일-닐슨 염색법과 결핵균배양검사도 동시에 시행한 결과 중합효소 연쇄반응 양성은 106예(28.6%), 배양 양성은 27예(7.3%) 및 염색 양성은 18예(4.9%)였으며, 결핵환자는 141명(38.1%)였다. 370예의 임상 가검물로 시행한 중합효소 연쇄반응의 진단학적 예민도와 특이도, 양성결과 예측치 및 음성결과 예측치는 68.8%, 96.1%, 91.5% 및 83.3%로 각각 나타났다. 결론 : 결핵균 동정을 위한 중합효소 연쇄반응은 배양검사에 비해 신속하며, 분석학적인 예민도와 특이도가 뛰어나므로 결핵 진단을 위한 임상병리검사로서 유용하다고 사료됨. In this study, We investigated the optimal conditions of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assay for the rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens as routine laboratory test. So we have compared two DNA isolation methods, 3 polymerases, 2 set of primer, 2 kinds of thermocycler and 2 microtubes. We evaluated two DNA isolation methods, bead-beating method and proteinase-K method, the latter was more sensitive than the former. In comparision of two sets of primers, P1 and P2 primers detecting 123-base pair fragment of IS6110 made from Biosnthesis(U. S. A.) and INS1 and INS2 primers detecting 245-base pair fragment of IS986 showed equally sensitive results ie. 5fg. Specificity of primers were tested and INS1 and INS2 primers gave 245-base pair product from M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. tuberculosis ATCC 27294 and Mycobacterium bovis ATCC 29312 but not from 8 nontuberculous mycobacterial strains such as M. kansasii ATCC 12478, M. terrae ATCC 15755, M. intracellurae ATCC 13950, M. avium ATCC 25281, M. gordonae ATCC 14470, M. fortuitum ATCC 6841, M. smegmatis ATCC 19420, M. scrofulaceum ATCC 19981. Coagulase-positive staphylococcus, coagulase-negative staphylococcus, streptococcus, Esccherichia coli, Serra-tia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enlerobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas aerugonosa showed no 245-base pair amplification product. PCR by the P1 and P2 primers showed 123-base pair amplification product from M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. tuberculosis ATCC 27294 and Mycobacterium bovis ATCC 29312 but not from 8 nontuberculous mycobacterial strains such as M. kansasii ATCC 12478, M. terrae ATCC 15755, M. intracellularae ATCC 13950, M. avium ATCC 25281, M. gordonae ATCC 14470, M. fortuitum ATCC 6841, M. smegmatis ATCC 19420, M. scrofulaceum ATCC 19981. Coagulase-postive staphylococcus, coagulase-negative staphylococcus, streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enlerobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinelobacler calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed no 123-base pair amplification product. In comparision of polymerase, Taq DNA polymerase^R(Promega Co., U. S. A.) was more cost effective than Ampli Tag^R(Perkin-Elmer Cetus, U. S. A.), but these two were equally sensitive and specific in the detection of M. tuberculosis-specific DNA. Tac polymerase (Korea'Biotech, Korea) showed many nonspecific bands. In comparision of thermocycler, Easy-Cycler^R(Ericomp, U. S. A.) was more sensitive than water-bath type and in that of microtubes Robbin's were more sensitive than Sarstedt's PCR results were compared with results of culture for M. tuberculosis and Ziehl-Neelsen stain in 370 clinical specimens that were negative by initial Ziehl-Neelsen stain. There were 27 specimens(7.3%) that were positive for M. tuberculosis by culture, 18(4.9%) specimens that were positive by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, and 106 specimens(28.6%) that were positive for PCR and 141 cases that were positive for tuberculosis. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 68.8, 96.1, 91.5 and 83.3% respectively, for PCR; 19.1, 100, 100, and 66.8%, respectively for culture; and 12.8, 100, 100, and 59.0% respectively for Ziehl-Neelsen stain.

Thrombopoietin이 제대혈의 CD34 양성 조혈모세포의 거핵구계 세포분화에 미치는 영향

서진태,조경삼,윤휘중,김시영,이우인 경희대학교 2000 慶熙醫學 Vol.16 No.2

세라믹 브라켓의 제거 시 Er : YAG 레이저의 효능

서충환,장나영,채종문,조진형,김상철,강경화 대한치과교정학회 2009 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.4

본 연구에서는 세라믹 브라켓 제거에 Er:YAG 레이저 조사가 도움이 되는지 알아보고, 브라켓 제거에 적합한 레이저 조사 방법을 연구하였으며, 또 이렇게 적용된 레이저가 치수와 법랑질에 손상을 주는지도 알아보았다. 총 190개의 치아, 단결정 세라믹 브라켓(MISO), 다결정 세라믹 브라켓(Transcend series 6000)과 KEY Laser3를 사용하였다. 실험군은 세라믹 브라켓의 종류(단결정, 다결정)와 레이저의 에너지(140, 300, 450, 600 mJ)에 따라 분류하였으며, 레이저를 브라켓당 두 곳에 1펄스씩 조사하고, 전단 강도를 측정하였다. 대조군은 레이저를 조사하지 않는 군으로 하였다. 레이저 조사에 의한 열 효과는 브라켓 하방 법랑질과 치수강에서 측정하였으며, 전단 강도 측정 후 치면에 남아있는 접착제의 양을 접착제 잔류 지수(adhesive remnant index)를 이용하여 평가하였다. 레이저 조사로 인한 접착제의 파괴 양상과 법랑질 표면 변화를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 모든 세라믹 브라켓군에서 레이저 에너지가 증가 할수록 전단 강도는 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한, 브라켓 하방 법랑질에서 최대 온도 변화는 평균 3.78˚C 상승에 그쳤으며, 치수강에서 최대 온도 변화는 평균 0.9˚C 상승에 그쳤다. 주사전자현미경을 이용한 법랑질과 접착제 단면 관찰에서 접착제 표면이 레이저에 의해 붕괴되어 분화구 모양의 구덩이로 관찰되었으며, 일부 시편에서 약 10 - 30μm의 법랑질 손상이 발견되었다. Transbond XT로 부착된 단결정 도재 브라켓(MISO)의 디본딩에 Er:YAG 레이저를 이용할 경우, 300 - 450 mJ의 레이저 에너지를, 그리고 다결정 도재 브라켓(Transcend series 6000)의 경우는 450 mJ 정도의 에너지를 사용하는 것이 효과적이고 안전할 것으로 생각된다. Objective: The aim of this study was to find out whether Er:YAG laser can aid in debonding ceramic brackets, and to see what kind of method will be the most appropriate for debonding. Methods: One hundred and ninety teeth, monocrystalline brackets (MISO, HT, Ansan-Si, Korea), polycrystalline brackets (TranscendTM series 6000, 3M Untek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and the KEY Laser3 (KavoDental, Biberach, Germany) were used. Experimental groups were classified according to the type of ceramic brackets, and the amount of laser energy (0, 140, 300, 450, 600 mJ). After applying laser on the bracket at two points at 1 pulse each, the shear bond strength was measured. The effect of heat caused by laser was measured at the enamel beneath the bracket and pulp chamber. After measuring the shear bond strength, adhesive residue was evaluated and enamel surface was investigated using SEM. Results: All ceramic bracket groups showed a significant decrease in shear bond strength as the laser energy increased. The greatest average temperature change was 3.78˚C on the enamel beneath the bracket and 0.9˚C on the pulp chamber. Through SEM, crater shape holes caused by the laser was seen on the enamel and adhesive surfaces. Conclusions: If laser is applied on ceramic brackets for debonding, 300 - 450 mJ of laser energy will be safe and efficient for monocrystalline brackets (MISO), and about 450 mJ for polycrystalline brackets (Transcend series 6000).