Effects of Phenytoin and Diazepam on the Seizure Activity in the Cortical Dysplasia Animal Models

Kim, Si-Hyung,Choi, In-Sun,Cho, Jin-Hwa,Park, Eun-Ju,Jang, Il-Sung,Choi, Byung-Ju,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Dysplasia-associated seizure disorders are markedly resistant to pharmacological intervention. Relatively little research has been conducted studying the effects of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) on seizure activity in a rat model of dysplasia. We have used rats exposed to methylazoxymethanol acetate(MAM) in utero, an animal model featuring nodular heterotopia, to investigate the effects of AEDs in the dysplastic brain. Pilocarpine was used to induce acute seizure in MAM-exposed and age-matched vehicle-injucted control animals. Field potential recordings were used to monitor amplitude and numbers population spikes, and paired pulse inhibition in response to stimulation of commissural pathway. Two commonly used AEDs were tested: diazepam 5, 2.5mg/kg;phenytoin 40, 60mg/kg. Diazepam(DZP) and phenytoin(PHT) reduced the amplitude of population spike in control and MAM-exposed rats. However, the amplitude of population spike was nearly eliminated in control rats as compared to the MAM-exposed rats. Pharmaco-resistance was tested by measuring seizure latencies in awake rats after pilocarpine administration(320mg/kg, i.p.) with and without pretreatment with AEDs. Pre-treatment with PHT 60 mg prolonged seizure latency in control rats, but not in MAM-exposed animals. The main findings of this study are that acute seizures initiated in MAM-exposed rats are relatively resistant to standard AEDs assessed in vivo. These data suggest that animal model with cortical dysplasia can be used to screen the effects of potential AEDs.

1T DRAM with Raised SiGe Quantum Well for Sensing Margin Improvement

Si-Won Lee,Seongjae Cho,Il Hwan Cho,Garam Kim 대한전자공학회 2023 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.23 No.1

In this paper, a novel one-transistor dynamic random-access memory (1T DRAM) with a raised SiGe quantum well (QW) under one gate in the double-gate (DG) structure is proposed. The proposed structure can improve the poor performance of the retention time and sensing margin which is the problem of the conventional 1T DRAM. In write operation, the performance is improved through the band to band tunneling (BTBT) between body and drain and through valence band offset between SiGe and Si. Also by utilizing the physical barrier of oxide, read “1” retention time can be increased. The fabrication process is also proposed.

複合 韓藥劑 淸籬滋坎湯의 抗癌效果 및 作用機轉 糾明

Cho, Kyung-Sam,Kim, Si-Young,Park, Jai-Kyung,Choi, Seung-Hoon,Chung, Se-Young,Yoon, Hwi-Joong 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Kyung Sam Cho¹Si Young Kim¹, Jai Kyung Park²,Seung Hoon Choi³,Se Young Chung⁴, Hwi Joong Yoon¹¹College of Medicine, ²East-West Medical Research Institute, ³College of Oriental Medicine, ⁴College of Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University,Seoul, Korea. The Anti-cancer Effect of Oriental Medicine Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang in the Mouse with Metastatic Lung Cancer. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 231-243, 1999.-The oriental medicine Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang is an herbal medicine which has been used for pulmonary diseases and known as having immune stimulatory effects. It has been known effective in lung cancer. So we studied the effects and the mechanisms of this herbal medicine it the mouse with metastatic lung cancer. The metastatic lung cancer of the mouse was produced with melnoma cell line(B16BL/6).5×10□/mouse tumor cells were injected intravenously to the CDF1 mouse via tail vein. The mice were divided 4 groups. The first group was treated with 50mg/kg extract of Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang per oral for 10 days after cancer cell injection, second group treated with saline after cancer cell injection, the third group with medicine without cancer cell, and the last group with saline only. After 10 days treatments some of the mice were scarificed and the lung and spleen was removed. The survival duration, weight change, the number of metastatic cancer nodule of the lung, the NK cell activity, the capacity of cytokines(INF-γ,INF-α,IL-2) production and the proliferation activities of mouse lymphocytes were measured. The surival times of the group 1 mice were longer and the weight loss was less than the group 2 significantly. The number of the metastatic nodule of the lung were decresed in the group 1 than the group 2. The production of INF-γ,was increase in group 2 than group 3 and 4, IL-2 production was increased in group 1 than group 2,3,4 significantly. There was no difference in TNF- α production and proliferation activity of lymphocyte in each group. The NK cell activity was significantly increased in group 1 than group 2,3,4. We conclude that the Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang has the effect of increasing the NK cell activity of the CDF1 mouse with metastatic lung cancer(B16BL/6). And it is suggested that the increased production of the IL-2 is the mechanisms of enhanced NK cell activity.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 Micafungin의 예방 효과 및 안전성

김시현,이동건,최수미,권재철,박선희,최정현,유진홍,이성은,조병식,김유진,이석,김희제,민창기,조석구,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,박종원 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Background: Micafungin, a potent inhibitor of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase, is a novel antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. In vitro study showed that micafungin was effective against Aspergillus species as well as Candida species, but clinical data on the prophylactic efficacy against invasive fungal infections (IFIs) other than candidiasis are still lacking. Materials and Methods: We identified 60 consecutive adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who received at least 3 doses of micafungin during neutropenic period. Micafungin was started as an alternative in patients who were intolerant or had adverse events (AEs) to primary prophylactic antifungal agents. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis against IFIs. Results: The patients either had autologous (n=9) or allogeneic (n=51: 1 syngeneic, 24 sibling, 26 unrelated donor) HSCT. Itraconazole oral solution (n=58) was the most frequently used first line antifungal agent for prophylaxis and was administered for median 11 days. The most frequent cause of switch to micafungin was vomiting (n=42). The duration of neutropenia and micafungin administration was median 13 and 12 days, respectively. A successful outcome was achieved in 45 (75%) patients. Empirical antifungal therapy was initiated in 13 (22%) patients. There were 2 cases (3.3%) of breakthrough fungal infections which comprised a probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a possible invasive fungal sinusitis. There was no case of invasive candidiasis. A total of 53 (88%) patients experienced at least one AE regardless of causality during micafungin administration. The most frequent AEs were hypokalemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. Among the aforementioned AEs, only 1 case of diarrhea could be classified as a probable relation with micafungin when causality was assessed. There was no AEs that caused discontinuation of micafungin. Conclusions: Micafungin seems to be a safe and effective agent for prophylaxis of IFIs including aspergillosis as well as candidiasis in HSCT recipients. However, further large, prospective, and randomized comparative studies are warranted for aspergillosis.

정책기금의 경제적 효과분석과 합리적 지원비율 산정에 관한 연구 : 관광진흥개발기금을 중심으로

김시중,조원권 우송대학교 1996 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

Total 83 funds including 40 public funds and the rest 43 funds have been established and managed in Korea. Considering the meagerness in the related industry, the increased demand of administration in the public welfare and the potentiality of industry development, we need to reappraise about the whole fund management Especially in relation to the policy fund management, the needs for the establishment of the principles to maximize effects in the assessment of assistance ratio among enterprise have been increased. This study which is realted to the efficiency of fund management and the tourism development, re-examined the object fields and enterprise that need funds. This study have established the rational fund ratio in the industry and seized the effects of industry upbringing by the fund. And this study also developed a model that can be helpful to make a method for the efficient fund management. Accordingly, this study aimed establishment of fund management method which can be coincide with efficient development of tourism industry and grasping of logical justification for the efficient management of tourism development fund.

馬蹄鐵腎의 一例

金弘善,金武剛,趙聲煥,柳時潤 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1983 충남의대잡지 Vol.10 No.2

A case of horseshoe kidney which was found during dissection of cadaver was reported with a brief review of literatures. The main findings were as follows; 1. This horseshoe kidney was supplied by the 4 renal arteries were obtained from the aorta and 1 renal artery was originated from the common iliac artery. 2. The pelvis of the horseshoe kidney were placed anteriorly and the ureters were passed anteriolateral surface to the renal isthmus. 3. In the horseshoe kidney, the renal stone was not observed and the isthmus was consisted of the renal parenchyma.

돼지생식기호흡기 증후군(PRRS) 바이러스 감염시킨 돼지 기관의 병리학적 관찰

조성환,김현수,윤원기,전무형,류시윤,박배근,손화영,김무강 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1996 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was inoculated into swine tracheal organ culture. The ballooning degeneration of the tracheal ciliated epithelium and a decrease of ciliary activity from the tracheal organs infected with PRRS virus were observed one day post-infection(PI). Tracheal epithelium showed degeneration and focal necrosis 2 days PI. Epithelial necrosis and loss of cilia and epithelial cells became more severe 3 and 4 days PI. An entire loss of cilia and epithelial cells were recognized 4 days PI, however, control tracheal organs were normal during the period of the experiment except a little decrease of ciliary activities with time..

처분장근처에서 침식에 의한 Sr 화학종의 평형

조윤정,김성현,이인화,김시욱,고문주,박성규,이범규 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2000 環境公害硏究 Vol.16 No.1

Leaching and adsorption equilibria of Sr Chemical Species from the near field of a repository has been studied in solidified cement with Fe and oxidized Fe. The absorption percent, Ads %, and distribution coefficient, K_(d) were calculated using equilibrium concentration to predict the extent of leaching and adsorption. In the mixed aqueous solutions the Ads % increase as Cement(C)/Water(W) ratios increase and K_(d) was decreased for Sr. These behaviors were discussed by adsorption and equilibrium of spiked ions. Oxides Fe promoted the adsorption of spiked ions, but pure Fe had no effect. E_(h) values were also estimated and discussed to elucidate oxidation-reduction environment of experimental system.

Thrombolytic Era에서의 급성 심근 경색증의 임상적 고찰 : An Analysis for Cause of Death in the Thrombolytic Era

김승정,박시훈,조홍근,신길자 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1998 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.21 No.2

목적: 급성 심근 경색증에서 혈전용해 치료를 시행하여 관상 동맥의 재관류가 이루어진 경우 뚜렷하게 사망률이 감소된 결과를 보고한 많은 연구들이 있었다. 재관류가 이루어진 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우에 각각의 사망률이 TIMI-1 trial(1987)에서는 8.1%와 14.8%, TAMI tir-al(1993)에서는 4.5%와 17.5%로 뚜렷한 차이를 보여주었다. 그에 따라 최근에 혈전용해 치료는 급성 심근경색증 환자의 초기 치료에서 가장 중요한 치료방법의 하나로 정착되었다. 그러나 아직까지 심인성 쇽으로 발현한 경우 등에 있어서는 혈전용해치료의 유용성이 인정되고 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 급성 심근 경색증 환자들에게서 임상적 경과를 분석하여 환자들의 사망에 관계되는 요소들을 발견하여 치료방법의 개선점을 밝혀보고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 1993년 9월부터 1995년 8월까지 이화여자대학교 의과대학 부속 목동병원에 급성 심근 경색증으로 내원하였던 112명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 환자들에 대해서 관상동맥 질환의 위험요인, 심전도 소견, 내원시의 Killip class, 혈전용해제 투여 여부 및 합병증 등에 대해서 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과: 1) 환자들의 평균연령은 59±11세였고 남녀비는 2.1:1 이었다. 2) 환자들의 내우너 당시의 Killip class는 Ⅰ이 58명(52%), Ⅱ 43명(38%), Ⅲ 7명(6%), Ⅳ가 4명(4%)이었다. 3) 환자들이 흉통의 발현후 병원에 도착하기까지 지연된 평균 시간은 2시간 40분이었고 48%인 54명의 환자에서 흉통 발생후 2시간 이내에 병원에 도착하였다. 4) 심근경색의 부위는 하벽 42명(37.5%), 전벽 24명(21.4%), 전측벽 22명(19.6%), 하후벽 9명(8.0%), 측벽 4명(3.6%), 전하벽 3명(2.7%), 후벽 1명(0.9%), 측후벽 1명(0.9%), 전측하벽 1명(0.9%), 전측후벽 1명(0.9%), 비Q파 경색이 4명(3.6%) 이었다. 5) 총 112명의 환자 중 80명(71%)에서 관상 동맥 조영술을 시행하였다. 평균 좌심실 구혈율은 48±11%였다. 단일 혈관 질환이 49명(61%), 이혈관 질환은 18명(23%), 삼혈관 질환이 7명(8%)이었고 정상 관동맥 조영 소견을 보인 경우가 6명(8%)이 있었다. 6) 환자들의 치료는 보존적인 치료를 받았던 경우가 23명(21%)이었고 80명(71%)에서 혈전용해제 투여를 하였다. 9명(8%)의 환자에서는 응급 경피적 관상동맥 풍선 성형술(direct percutaneous coronary angiop-lasty)을 시행하였다. 7) 심근 경색증의 합병증으로는 심낭 삼출이 9명(8%), 좌심실류가 7명(6%), 심실성 부정맥이 5명(4%)이 있었다. 8) 12명의 환자들이 사망하여 사망율은 10.7%였다. 사망한 환자들의 평균 연령은 67±10세였고 평균 병원 도착 시간 지연은 3시간 30분이었다. 12명중 7명의 환자에서 혈전용해제를 투여하였다. 내원 당시의 환자들의 Killip class는 Ⅰ은 없었고 Ⅱ 6명, Ⅲ 4명, Ⅳ가 2명으로 사망한 환자들과 생존 환자들 사이에 p 값이 0.05이하로 의의있는 차이를 보였던 것은 환자들의 연령 및 내원 당시의 환자의 Killip class였다. 본 연구를 통해 급성 심근 경색증의 사망률이 국내의 다른 보고와 비교해 볼 때 비교적 낮음을 관찰하였다. 이는 환자들의 응급실 도착 시간이 다른 보고에 비해 빨랐으며 이에 따라 혈전용해제 치료를 받은 예가 많았기 때문으로 분석된다. 본 연구에서 급성 심근 경색증 환자들의 사망에 관여한 가장 중요한 인자는 환자들의 연령과 내원 당시의 Killip class이다. 최근과 같이 혈전용해제 투여가 급성 심근 경색증의 치료의 근간이 되고 있는 시점에서 특히 고 위험군의 환자들에게는 혈전용해제 치료 뿐 아니라 다른 치료 방법, 즉 응급 경피적 관상 동맥 풍선 성형술이나 관상동맥 우회술(coronary artery bypass graft)등을 강구해야 할 것이다. Background : Many studies have reported that successful reperfusion with intravenous throm-bolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction(MI) decrease in-hospital and longterm mortality. Therefore thrombolytic therapy is used as an important treatment of early acute myocardial infarction. But the thrombolytic therapy has not been established in the patients representing cardiogenic shock. The purposes of the article are to characterize the clinical findings and to analyze the causes of death in the thrombolytic era, and therefore to improve the treatment modalities. Methods : A retrospective clinical study was done on 112 patients with acute myocardial infarction, who had been admitted to Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital from September 1993 to August 1995. All patients was evaluated for coronary risk factors, EKG findings, Killip class on admission, coronary angiographic findings, treatment modality such as thrombolytic therapy, direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA) and conservative treatment, and complications. Result : 1) Patients' mean age was 59±11 years, and the male:female ratio was 2.1:1. 2) Patients' Killip class on arrival at emergency room was Ⅰin 52%, Ⅱ in 38%, Ⅲ in 6% and Ⅳ in 4%. 3) The mean pre-hospital time delay was 2 hours and 40 minutes, and 54 patients(48%) arrived at emergency room within 2 hours after onset of chest pain. 4) The location of the infarction were inferior wall(37.5%), anterior wall(21.4%), anterolateral wall(19.6%), inferoposterior wall(8.0%), lateral wall(3.6%), anteroinferior wall(2.7%), lateroposterior wall(0.9%), posterior wall(0.9%), anterolateroinferior wall(0.9%), anterolateroposterior wall(0.9%), and Non-Q infarction(3.6%). 5) Coronary angiography were performed in 80 patients(71%), and mean ejection fraction was 48±11%, and mean wall motion score index was 1.9±0.6. One vessel disease was 49(61%), two vessel disease was 18(23%), three vessel disease was 7(8%), and normal finding was 6(8%). 6) The conservative treatment was done in 23(21%), and thrombolytic therapy in 80(71%). The nine patients(8%) were treated with direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA). 7) The complications of infarction were pericardial effusion(8%), left ventricular aneurysm(6%), and ventricular tachycardia(4%). 8) Twelve patients(10.7%) were expired. Their mean age was 67±10 years, and mean pre-hospital time delay was 3 hours 30 minutes. The thrombolytic therapy was used in seven patients. Mortalities were observed 0%, 50%, 33%, and 18% in patients with Killip classification Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and Ⅳ, respectively. Patient's age and Killip class on admission were the most important prognostic factors were patients' age and Killip class on arrival at emergency room. Thus, even in the thrombolytic era, other treatment modality(e.g. direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft) would be considered.

관광기업윤리의 개념적 모형 개발

김시중,이영관,조원권 우송대학교 1996 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

Even though the tour business in Korea has grown rapidly with the changes of the time, it has caused lots of problems in the ethical aspects. Accordingly, the disagreements between tour business and society has been amplified and society requires new contract against tour business. By this reason. tour business is under an age of turning point that should solve comples ethical problems for themselves. To solve these ethical problems, sound business ethics must be established. To attain these goals, we should direct the study toward the basis of conceptual model of tour business. To do this, we have to seek after the ideology and spirits of business ethics developed by Yi Yi and Chung Yahk Yong who were representative scholar of Yi dynasty . We also have to set conceptual models in tour business ethics by adapting David Vogel's development model in business ethics, Joseph Badaracoo's business men's ethics model and David L. Whitney's determinant factors in tour business ethics. The conceptual model of tour business ethics represented by this study takes characteristic of basic research for the recognition of importance in tour business ethics and for the counter measure. By the consistent study, we must enhance tour business ethics and business image. we are going to ending up this study with the task of finding substantial alternatives that are essential to be an entrepreneur civilian internally and externally.