간외담관 폐쇄에서의 초음파소견 : 담관벽 경계소실의 중요성 Significance of Decreased Echotexture of Bile Duct Wall-Interface

신현준,손은주,이창희,최영칠,전혜정,박정희,이태의 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2002 건국의과학학술지 Vol.12 No.-

Ultrasound is very useful in evaluation of obstructive jaundice. We retrospectively evaluated the useful findings of ultrasonography in differentiating benign extrahepatic duct obstruction from malignant diseases. Among the 36 patients, 25 patients were benign extrahepatic obstruction and 11 patients were malignant obstruction. The shapes of extrahepatic dilatation were classified into fustiform, meniscus, and abrupt cut off by bowel gas. The diameter, length, and bile duct wall-interface were compared between benign and malignant groups and serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were also compared between two groups retrospectively. The results were as follows. The most common form of extrahepatic dilatation was meniscus(10 of 26 patients, 38%) in benign obstruction, and fusiform(8 of 11 patients, 73%) in malignant obstruction. No significant difference was noted in diameter, length, serum bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase between benign and malignant groups. Only one case showed decreased bile duct wall-interface in benign obstruction, but loss or decrease of bile duct wall-interface were 8 patients in malignant obstruction. The combined findings of fusiform dilatation and loss of bile duct wall-interface in ultrasonography will be helpful in differential diagnosis of malignant extrahepatic bile obstruction from benign conditions.

판크레아틴의 규격 표준화 연구

신지은,윤혜경,김동현 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.4

Pancreatin is a enzyme mixture breaking down carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Most pancreatin used in Korea is imported from foreign countries. However, guideline of eacch country for pancreatin produced from each country is different. Therefore, guideline for pancreatin imported from several countries, such as Europe, Japan and America, it is standardized to control its quality. Assay of enzyme activity for pancreatin in KP is similar to that in JP, but it is significantly different from those in FIP and in USP. We measured pancreatin digestive activites of 17 commercial products. Activity assay of digestive enzymes, starch-and lipid-digestive enzymes, for pancreatin by KP mehtod (including JP) was difficult compared to those by FIP and USP methods. Particularly, activity assays of starch-and lipid-digestive enzymes by KP method were mistakable, and varied in diluted samples than those by FIP. However, activity assay of protein-digestive enzyme by KP method was similar to that by FIP. Starch-digestive enzyme activities of 17 commerical pancreatins by KP method were lower 0.079-fold compared to those by FIP method. Their protein-digestive enzyme activities by KP method were higher 75.7-fold than those by FIP method. Their lipid-digestive enzyme activities by KP method were lower 0.234-fold compared to those by FIP method.

청소년의 스마트폰 중독과 우울 및 불안과의 관계

김경은,김필송,민주연,박수경,신서인,이지은,정해인,조호정,최정원,최정인 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the degree of smart phone addiction among adolescents and their depression and anxiety levels. Method: In this study, 379 high school students were selected using the convenient sampling method. The instruments used for this study were smart phone addiction measure, the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale), and the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Result: The mean score for smart phone addiction was 40.45±17.27, depression was 36.56±9.58, state anxiety was 44.00±9.61, and trait anxiety was 45.70±9.75. There were significant differences between the degree of smart phone addiction and the following variables: gender (t=-4.953, p<.001), hours of smart phone use per day (F=12.259, p<.001), types of frequently used features (F=3.485, p=.008), and satisfaction level for smart phone (F=5.18, p<.001). There were statistically significant relationships (p<.001) among degree of smart phone addiction, depression level, and state and trait anxiety levels. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that there was a significant relationship between smart phone addiction and mental health, specifically, depression and anxiety among adolescents. Further research is needed to develop nursing strategies to provide care for adolescents who frequently utilize smart phones.

일 도시 고등학생의 음주동기와 음주문제

강혜영,신경은,장현지,나영화,조은희 韓國學校保健學會 2004 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate drinking motives and the drinking-related problems of Korean high school students at a city in Jeonbuk province. Methods : There were 657 students from two academic and two vocational high schools at J city in Jeonbuk province. The sample was collected using a stratified sampling method and the data was collected from June 30th to July 16th 2003. The study instrument used to examine drinking motive was a 20.item summated scale (Cronbach's α = .95) and for drinking-related problems was an 18 item summated scale (Cronbach's α = .91). The data was analyzed using SPSS/PC+ by percentage, χ2.test, t-test and correlations. Results : 1. Drinking experience: Among the high school students, 74.3% of them had drinking episodes. Female students started drinking later (χ2 = 12.857, p = .002) and had more drinking friends (χ2 = 7.785, p = .020) than males. Vocational school students drank more frequently (χ2 = 32.138, p = .001), had more heavy drinking episodes (χ2 = 40.370, p = .001). 2. Drinking motives & Drinking-related problems: The mean score of drinking motives was 31.2 ± 11.12 out of 80 and that of drinking-related problems was 21.8 ± 5.85 out of 72 points. Neither score were stronger was significantly different according to gender and grade. On the other hand, both drinking motives (t = .4.077, p = .001) and drinking-related problems (t = .3.423, p = .001) were stronger in vocational school students than in academic school students. The correlation between drinking-related characteristics and problems were weak (from r = .286 to r = .520) but the correlation within the subcategories of drinking motives was high such as between enhancement and coping (r = .822) and enhancement and social motives (r = .822). Conclusion : The majority of Korean high school students start to drink during their junior high school days. Drinking motives and drinking-related problems were not serious but the drinking motives and the drinking-related problems are stronger among vocational school students. As a result, school-based health education and counseling programs should focus on solving drinking motives than on drinking-related problems.

뇌혈관질환자의 가정간호 서비스 및 진료비 분석

김은경,황정해,신숙연 대한간호행정학회 2006 간호행정학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the services and cost of CVA patients in hospital-based home health care and compare the differences of home health care cost by hospital types. Methods: The subjects of this study were 5,756 home care patients with cerebrovascular disease. Data were collected by using home health care medical expense claims from 127 hospitals in 2004. Results: The home care service 'indewelling catheterization' was the highest(19.28%), and then 'nasogastric tube insertion and change(16.72%)', 'bladder irrigation(15.98)', 'wound management(simp1e dressing)(10.42%)' followed. Average home health care cost per visit was 39,943 won, and the highest 46,058 won in general hospitals and the lowest 33,922 won in tertiary hospitals, so there were statistically significant among the types of hospitals(F=1112.47, p<0.0001). Conclusions: The number of home health care patients has been rapidly growing with the increase of aged population and demand for home care services is rising. So, it could be urgent to develop a reasonable cost reimbursement system for home health services and to expend scopes of the roles of home care specialist nurses. Amid the demand of more detail understanding the present status of home care, our study can be contributed to provide fundamental information of home care in Korea.

보육과 현장중심 교육과정 개발 : DACUM법을 중심으로 Based on the DACUM Method

김정신,노은호,이행숙,정해은,조희진 한국영유아보육학회 2004 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.36

The quality of childhood educare teacher is the most important element in evaluation of the quality of childhood educare. However, the current curricula for the childhood educare in colleges are operated individually without a standard curriculum and there are many problems in the certification system of childhood educare teacher. So, it is hard to discuss about the specialty of the childhood educare teachers. Hence, an immediate development of a standard curriculum which fully reflect the needs of the field is necessary to meet the demand of the times and to enhance the quality of childhood educare service by producing qualified teachers. To fulfill the aforementioned needs, the procedure of the DACUM Method which is useful in developing vocational training course is used in this study. And based on the results, a field centered curriculum of the Dept. Child Care and Education is developed by the job analysis of the childhood educare teachers and by collecting the needs of the field. Educare planning and activities, development and evaluation of the educare program, consultation and education of the family, utilization of the regional resources, and after-class guidance of the children were found to be the principal jobs of the childhood educare teachers.

三日酒와 三日 基以內로 빚어지는 우리나라의 速成酒 : Ⅱ. 찹쌀로 빚은 速成酒 Ⅱ. About Brewing from Glutinous Rice

錢精日,申敏子,崔榮辰,金賢淑,李惠靜,鄭在洪,白淑殷 동아시아식생활학회 1999 東아시아食生活學會誌 Vol.9 No.3

This study was carried out to understand the brewing and processing methods of rapid-brew alcoholic beverage. In the contents of 45 classical records, there were 68 items about rapid-brew alcoholic beverage and single and double brew alcoholic beverage. Those alcoholic beverage of 68 items above, were made from green grown at that time-rice, glutinous rice, regular rice. Selected 38 items among those brewages, alcoholics from glutinous rice, were distributed into 4 patterns. Four patterns, grounded on rapid-brewing and processing methods, were set one thing to another and analyzed.

암치료에 있어서 체질과 항암효과에 관한 한의학적 연구

성현제,신현규,박갑주,강봉주,은영아,김은해,정세영 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

As one of the chemical and experimental study on cancer treatment in Korea oriental medical hospital. Furthermore, we carried out the cytotoxicity test of extracts of herbal medicine. The results are as follows : About Clinical Aspects of the Oriental Medical Cancer Treatment - (1) Clinical experience is that 420 Oriental medical hospital were surveyed. Number of cancer patient treated by one oriental medical doctor was under 10(about 60%) or from 10 to 20(about 30%). (2) Diagnostic Procedure is that more than 80% of cancer patients were diagnosed by medical doctor of western hospital. (3) Therapeutic Method is that combination of oriental and western medical treatment was used in oriental medical hospital. (4) Relationship between cancer and constitutions is that to the relationship between cancer and constitutions, about 75% responded and most were considered to be Um. About Experimental Study - to evaluate the direct cytotoxicity of hot water and methanol extracts of 34 oriental medical presciptions on stomach cancer cell, SRB assay was carried out. (1) The IC50 value of water extract of Samsoum was 19㎍/㎖ and that of methanol extract was 15㎍/㎖, so that we confirmed Samsoum has a strong direct cytotoxicity. (2) The IC50 values of water extract of Coptidis Rhizoma, methanol extract of Caesalpiniae Lignum and Draba Semen were 10㎍/㎖, 19㎍/㎖ and 12.5㎍/㎖ respectively, so that we confirmed Coptidis Rhizoma, Caesalpiniae Lignum and Draba Semen have a strong direct cytototoxicity. (3) The IC50 value of combinatory prescription of Rhei Rhizoma, Forsythie Fructus and Caesalpiniae Lignum was about 40㎍/㎖.

Helicobacter pylori의 생육에 영향을 미치는 성분과 식품첨가물에 관한 연구

송재철,정혜진,박현정,조은경,신완철 한국식품영양학회 1999 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.12 No.5

본 연구에서는 일반적으로 섭취하고 있는 식품재료나 음식 중에 공통적으로 함유한 성분 또는 가공중에 많이 첨가되는 성분을 선정하여 이들이 Helicobacter pylori 생육에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 검토하였다. 첫째, 일반식품의 주요 성분인 탄소원, 질소원, 무기질을 대상으로 Helicobacter pylori 생육에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과 식품성분 중 탄소원의 종류에 따라 균일 생육활성은 다르게 나타났다. 우선 단당류가 이당류나 다당류에 비교하여 생육을 촉진하였고 특히 단당류 중 포도당은 가장 균의 생육에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 만노오스는 균의 생육을 오히려 억제시키는 것으로 나타났다. 당알코올류인 솔비톨, 만니톨, 말티톨, 크리시톨 등은 균의 생육에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 질소원과 Helicobacter pylori의 생육과의 관계는 평소 식생활에서 많이 섭취된다고 생각되는 일반 음식에 많이 함유되어 있는 유기형 아미노산 성분고 무기형 질소화합물을 대상으로 균의 생육 정도를 비교하였다. 리신, 메티오닌, 시스테인, 트립토판 등은 균의 생육을 촉진하고 아르기닌, 황산암모늄, 염화암모늄 등은 균의 생육에 도움이 되지 않고 암노니아, 요소등은 균의 생육에 도움이 되지 않고 암모니아, 요소 등은 균의 생육에 조금 영향을 미침을 관찰할 수 있었다. 특히 리신과 메티오닌은 가장 균의 생육에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 무기염류의 영향에서는 황산마그네슘, KH-2PO_4, 염화마그네슘 등은 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였고 황산철, 염화제일철, 염화제이철은 생육을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 식품첨가물의 Helicobacter pylori의 생육 정도를 검토한 것으로, 그 다음이 질화나트륨, 염화나트륨 순이었으며 토코페롤은 전혀 생육에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. The purpose of this study was to choose principal food components contained in diet foods and food additives used for manufacturing processed foods, and elucidate their in vivo effects on the growth pattern of Helicobacter pylori. To do this, the antibacterial effects of various sources of carbon, nitrogen and mineral as an effect agent on Helicobacter pylori were first assessed based upon bacterial growth degree. Results show that the source of carbon tested had different effects on bacterial growth of Helicobacter pylori. It was revealed that a promotional effect of monosaccharides resulted in enhanced growth of Helicobacter pylori compared with disaccharides and polysaccharides. In particular, glucose was observed to be most effective in growth of Helicobacter pylori among monosaccharides tested, whereas mannose to hinder the growth of Helicobacter pylori. Polyols such as sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol and xylitol was, however, observed to show no promotion or suppression effect on growth of Helicobacter pylori. Apart from these, the sources of amino acid and inorganic nitrogen were chosen and tested to assess the promotion or suppression effect of nitrogen sources on growth of Helicobacter pylori. It was found that amino acid such as lysine showed its promotion effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori, while arginine, (NH_1)_2SO_4 and NH_4Cl showed no effect on its growth. Ammonia and urea were, however, observed to have a positive effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori. Among these effect agents, lysine and methionine were revealed to show the most positive effect on growth of Helicobacter pylori. Minerals such as MgSO_4, KH_2PO_4, and MgCl_2 appeared to exert their positive growth effects, whereas CaCl_2, and CaSO_4 had a little effect. In addition FeSO_4, FeCl_2, and FeCl_3 brought suppression on the growth of Helicobacter Pylori. In studies of the growth of Helicobacter pylori by food additives, ascorbic acid showed extreme suppression on its growth. Sodium nitrate and sodium chloride were also found to be of negative effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori in order of degree, whereas tocopherol had nothing to do with microbial growth.

정신분열병환자의 뇌량에 대한 신경병리적 고찰 : 확산텐서영상(Diffusion Tensor Image)기법의 적용

이경진,신용욱,하태현,이종민,김인영,김선일,문원진,정은철,박해정,오정은,박지영,강경훈,권기원,권준수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.4

Objectives : Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a new technique that can be used to visualize and measure the diffusion of water in brain tissue. It is particularly useful for evaluating white matter abnormalities. In this paper, we investigated the neuropathology of the corpus callosum in patients with schizophrenia through the new methods, diffusion tensor imaging. Methods : Diffuse tensor imaging was performed in 19 schizophrenic patients and 26 healthy controls. One complementary measure, fractional anisotropy (FA), which is considered to be sensitive indices of axonal integrity, was obtained from regions of interest in the five areas of the corpus callosum. Neuropsychological measurement also underwent for measurement of frontal lobe function in two groups. Results : There were no significant differences of FA in the DTI measures for either the schizophrenic patients compared with controls. FA was significantly decreased in women compared with men. Neuropsychological measurements such as Wisconsin card sorting test were correlated with FA of patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion : FA measures revealed no differences between schizophrenia and controls. The findings suggest that the structural integrity of white matter in patient with schizophrenia was not disrupted. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies reporting positive and negative findings. It is concluded that further studies using DTI in larger samples, improved and standardized methods of data acquisition and analysis are needed.