FC 1-4 : A survey of attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding sun exposure and sunscreen use

( Sih Yeok Jang ),( Hyeong Ho Ryu ),( Eun Jung Hwang ),( Hyun Sun Park ),( So Yun Cho ),( Hyun Sun Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Although sunscreen is used as a primary strategy to prevent sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer, only a few people regularly use sunscreen. Objectives: To investigate the awareness of effects of sunlight, the extent of sun exposure, and the behaviors about sunscreen uses in Korean. Methods: A questionnaire was administered 255 adult patients visited Dermatology Department at Seoul National University Boramae Hospital. It included questions about the awareness of benefit or harm of sunlight, perceived and actual extent of sun exposure, the use of sun-protective methods including sunscreen. Results: Sun exposure was chosen as the major cause of dyschromia (61.2%), skin cancer (62.8%) and wrinkle (28.6%). Respondents were likely to underestimate the extent of sun exposure. On average, quite a few respondents stated that they were exposed to sunlight more than one hour per day (23.1% on weekdays, 53.4% on weekends). But, only 8.7% thought that their sun exposures were problematic and 62.2% of respondents considered moderate sunlight exposure good for health. People`s sun protective behaviors were inadequate: only 30.8% used sunscreen regularly; 18.4% have never used sunscreen. SPF was the most important factor choosing sunscreen and 86.0% used sunscreen labeled SPF over 30. In contrast, only 40.3% used PA+++ sunscreen. Conclusion: Despite a fairly good knowledge about harmful effects of sunlight, people underestimated the risks of their sun exposure and behaviors were suboptimal.

미국, 일본 도시공원의 면적 산정에 대한 비교 연구

김현(Kim, Hyun),최희선(Choi, Hee-Sun),박은별(Park, Eun-Byul) 한국도시설계학회 2014 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.15 No.6

우리나라의 공원녹지정책에서는 인구당 원단위 기준을 적용한 1인당 공원면적 6㎡/인을 목표로 설정하고 있다. 게다가 2013년 수립된 국토해양부 지침에 따라 12.5㎡/인이라는 지표가 모든 기초자치단체에 일괄 적용되면서 지자체의 부담은 가중되고 있는 현실이다. 1인당 도시공원 면적의 적정성에 대한 의문과 논의는 오래전부터 지속적으로 제기되어 오고 있으나, 이러한 논의와 달리 정책적인 변화는 없다. 실제로 해외 도시의 공원 조성 면적에 대한 정확한 자료와 공원 조성 면적 관련 정책 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 문헌조사와 인터뷰조사를 실시하여 1인당 도시공원 면적 산정기준의 배경과 흐름을 파악하고 미국과 일본을 대상으로 공원 확충 정책의 흐름과 현황을 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 공원 조성목표의 경우 일관된 수치보다는 자치체가 자기 지역의 특성을 감안하여 목표를 수립하도록 열린 목표치를 설정한다. 2) 공원계획의 대상은 도시공원뿐만 아니라 녹지, 하천, 운동장, 도립공원, 옥상과 벽면녹화 등을 포함시켜 도시의 질적 제고를 지향하고 있다. 3) 공원정책에 있어 양적 확충보다는 공원서비스 개선, 주민 참여를 통한 질적 개선에 대하여 정책의 비중이 높아지고 있다. 이를 기반으로 본 연 구에서는 도시의 특성을 고려한 자율적인 공원면적 확충 목표 설정, 목표 대상에 녹지, 하천 등의 다양한 녹지자원 포함, 공원의 질적 서비스 향상을 위한 주민 참여와 만족도 조사가 실시되어야 함을 제안하였다. In Korea, the goal of urban park policies is obsessively set to meet 6㎡ park area/person, But since 2013, a new guideline of 12.5㎡ park area/person is established by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries As the new guideline is applied to all primary local authorities, the burden of local authorities is being increased. While the question related to the minimum park area per person has been consistently raised, there has been little research on the minimum. In practice, correct materials on park creation area and park area used for park-related policies in other cities around the world. Focusing on the cases in U.S. and Japan, case studies are conducted based on literature review and interviews to find out the international trends related to the minimum park area. The results are as follows. 1) In case of setting park creation goal, open target values are set such that local authorities establish goals in consideration of local characteristics instead of monolithic values. 2) The target of park project includes green belt, river, playground, provincial park, rooftop and green wall, so that quality enhancement of cities is aimed. 3) Park policies are focused on qualitative enhancement rather than quantitative expansion, through park service improvement and resident participation. Based on these suggestions, it is suggested that flexible park creation goal should be set in consideration of urban characteristics - a variety of green resources, such as greenbelt and river should be added to quantify minimum per capita park area, Resident participation and satisfaction surveys should also be performed in order to enhance qualitative measure of park service.

군사시설 이전부지 공원화 사례분석을 통한 시사점 도출

박준영,이은엽,송선영,엽정식,Park, Joon-Young,Lee, Eun-Yeob,Song, Sun-Young,Yeob, Jung-Sik 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2014 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.5 No.4

군사시설 이전부지는 근본적으로 공공 시설적 성격을 띄고 있어 공공 복리를 위한 활용 요구도가 높아지고 있으며, 이로 인해 공원으로 조성하는 사례가 증가하고 있다. 군사시설 이전부지에 대한 공원조성 사례를 분석한 결과 몇가지의 시사점을 도출하게 되었다. 공원조성의 목표는 도시재생의 개념 및 지역활성화 차원에서 접근할 필요가 있다. 이전부지를 전면 개조하는 방식보다는 기존 시설들을 최대한 재활용하여 경제적 이득을 취하고 동시에 지역정체성과 역사성을 재현할 필요가 있다. 공원의 규모가 대형화 되고 있어 단일시설 및 프로그램 보다는 복합공간으로 조성해 줄 필요가 있으며, 공원조성에 막대한 비용이 소요되므로 단계적으로 공원을 조성하는 방안을 고려할 필요가 있다. 군사시설이 지니고 있는 특수한 상황으로 공원조성 과정에서 현장조사가 미흡하여 설계변경 또는 오염처리에 막대한 비용이 소요되므로 사전에 이를 고려할 필요가 있다. 또한, 민간사업자에게 일부 부지에 대해 개발권을 위임하고 개발이익으로 공원조성과 운영관리비를 충당하는 방안도 검토가 필요하다. 군사시설 이전기지는 다양한 이해관계에 놓여 있으므로 사업추진과정에서 민관협치의 의사결정기구를 운영하는 방안을 고려할 필요가 있다. 다양한 재원조달과 수익사업 확대, 봉사 및 후원 활성화, 트러스트 및 비영리 단체의 공원운영 관리 참여 확대 등을 위해서는 도시공원 관련제도의 보완이 요구된다. Because of their nature as public facilities, demands that former military facilities be utilized for the public welfare are increasing, thereby leading to an increase in cases in which these military facilities are reestablished as parks. Cases in which former military bases were reestablished as public parks were analyzed; as a result, several implications were derived. First, the objectives of public park projects should be examined from the perspective of the concept of urban regeneration and regional revitalization. Moreover, it is necessary that profits are yielded and that regional identity and history are reproduced through reusing existing facilities as much as possible rather than entirely remodeling former military sites. As parks become larger in size, bases should be reorganized into complexes rather than single facilities or programs. It is also necessary that parks be established in stages considering the enormous expenses required for building public parks. Consequently, because the special characteristics of military facilities can lead to insufficient on-site investigation in the process of establishing parks, thereby incurring a vast amount of costs for design adjustment and contamination disposal, this should be considered in advance. A method of delegating the development rights to partial sites to private businesses and supplementing the costs of park establishment and maintenance with development benefits should be examined. In addition, given that there are various interests and stakes in former military bases, a method of operating a public-private cooperative decision-making organization during project execution should be considered. Finally, policies related to urban parks need to be improved in order to raise funds, expand profitable businesses, facilitate social services and sponsorship, and encourage the participation of trusts and non-profit organizations in park operation and management.

후두적출자의 의사소통 태도

강수균,박선희,백은아,이현혜,최경희,강은희,박은실 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2005 특수교육재활과학연구 Vol.44 No.3

본 연구는 후두적출자의 주된 발성방법과 후두적출 경과 시기에 따른 의사소통 태도를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구의 대상은 성인 남자 55명으로 후두암으로 인한 후두적출자들로 구성되었다. 이들에게 실시한 의사소통 태도 설문지는 Erickson의 의사소통 태도 척도-수정판(Modified Erickson Scale of Communication Attitudes: S-24)을 본 연구에 맞게 수정 보완하여 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 주된 발성방법에 따라서는 인공후두기 사용자와 식도발성자간의 의사소통 태도에 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 후두적출 경과 시기에 따라 10년 초과된 후두적출자들과 10년 이하의 후두 적출자들 간의 의사소통 태도에 차이가 없었다. 그러므로 이들의 의사소통 태도의 긍정적 태도를 증가시키기 위하여 다양한 방법을 활용하고 습득하여 이들의 의사소통 능력을 빠르게 재습득 하여 긍정적인 의사소통 능력을 가질 수 있도록 해야 한다. The purpose of this study was to determine laryngectomee's communication attitude. 55 laryngectomees, who were in the range of 40 years old to 80 years old participated in the study. Communication attitude measurements were taken by S-24(Modified Erickson Scale of Communication Attitudes). The results showed as follows: First, score of laryngectomees with artificial larynx and esophageal speakers were no significant. Second, score of laryngectomees with over 10 years after latyngectomy and 10 years after latyngectomy were no significant.

외음부의 기저세포암

김보영 ( Bo Young Kim ),황선정 ( Sun Jung Hwang ),박병준 ( Byung Joon Park ),이은실 ( Eun Sil Lee ),한호섭 ( Ho Suap Han ),김용욱 ( Yong Wook Kim ),김태응 ( Tae Eung Kim ),노덕영 ( Duck Yeong Ro ),이안희 ( An Hi Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2010 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.53 No.9

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignant neoplasm, accounting for 75% of all non-melanoma skin cancer. The incidence of BCC is strongly correlated with sun exposure as well as older age. Therefore, the vast majority of BCCs is observed in elderly patients on the sun-exposed skin of the head and neck with a frequency of more than 80%. BCC is very rare on sun-protected skin such as the perianal and genital regions and other etiologic factors must be considered in these cases. Although the pathogenesis of vulvar BCC is unclear, early diagnosis is very important. Because BCC in these areas sometimes seems innocuous, it is recommended that a biopsy of all suspect lesions be performed. We report a woman with BCC of the vulva treated with wide local resection and reviews the literatures on this subject.

영어과 중등교사 임용시험의 출제경향 분석 연구 : 2014-2016학년도 1차 필기시험 문항을 중심으로

박시영,송민선,신상근,이은주,이미진 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2017 교과교육학연구 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 2014학년도부터 2016학년도까지, 영어과 중등교사 임용시험에서 출제된 1차 문항을 분석한 것이다. 연구방법으로는 지난 3년간 출제되었던 67문항을 수집하였고, 평가영역 및 평가 세부항목, 그리고 문항 유형별에 따른 출제빈도와 배점비율을 분석하였다. 출제문항을 분석한 결과, 평가영역별 출제비율은 영어교육학이 40%가 넘는 비율을 차지하였고, 일반영어의 비중은 급격하게 축소되고 있는 경향을 보였다. 이는 우수한 영어교사의 전문성을 평가하고 선발하는 데 기본 요건을 충족한다고 볼 수 있으나, 각 영역의 출제빈도와 비중이 지난 3년 동안 매년 변화하는 것은 수험생들에게 혼란을 가져올 수 있음을 시사한다. 각 영역의 세부항목별 분석에서는 출제 내용이 일부 평가내용요소에 편중되어 있는 경향이 있어, 향후 출제에서 고려해 봐야 할 문제라고 보인다. 마지막으로 문항 유형 분석에 따르면, 서술형과 논술형 문항의 등장은 객관식 문항의 한계점을 보완할 수 있다는 점에서 긍정적인 변화이나, 단편적인 지문 이해력을 확인하는 문항보다는 수험자의 심층적인 사고력과 응용력을 평가할 수 있는 문항의 개발이 필요하다고 할 수 있겠다. 이러한 분석 결과를 토대로 영어과 임용시험의 개선안에 대해 논의를 하였다. This article examines the test items from the written component of the secondary school English teacher recruitment exam. Focusing on the years from 2014 to 2016, the analysis was based on a collection of 67 test items. A frequency count was conducted to determine the different question types as well as the representation of each field and sub-fields of English education. The results reveal that out of all fields, questions regarding English educational knowledge represented more than forty percent of the test items while questions requiring general English knowledge vastly decreased. The exam appears to fulfill the basic criteria for evaluating prospective English teachers, but the sudden changes in required content knowledge can cause confusion among examinees. The sub-fields of English education were also unevenly distributed, suggesting the need for a consistent guideline that secures balanced test content. Lastly, an analysis of the question types shows open-ended and essay-type question items as a measure for overcoming the limitations of multiple choice questions. Nevertheless, some of the questions still remained at the level of assessing simple comprehension rather than the examinees’ abilities to synthesize, critique, and apply professional knowledge.

출아효모에서 TAR 클론닝법을 이용한 고등동물의 게놈으로부터 특정 염색체 부위의 분리

박정은,윤영호,이윤주,김광섭,윤세련,안태진,임선희,선우양일 동아대학교 기초과학연구소 2003 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.20 No.1

복잡한 게놈 분석에 용이하도록 효모의 인공 염색체(YAC) 클론닝 시스템은 발달되어왔다. YAC은 박테리아의 인공 염색체(BAC)보다 더 큰 단편을 클론닝할 수 있고, 또한 클론된 단편을 쉽게 변형시킬 수 있다. 형질전환과 연계된 재조합법(Transformation-Associated Recombination; TAR)은 게놈 라이브러리를 만들지 않고 직접 게놈 DNA로부터 분리하고자 하는 유전자나 특정 염색체 부분을 클론닝 할 수 있는 방법이다. 이 방법은 spheroplast transformation을 수행하는 동안, 목적으로 하는 유전자의 5' 그리고 3' 염기 배열(hooks)을 지닌 TAR 벡터와 게놈 DNA 사이에서 일어나는 상동성 재조합에 의해 이루어진다. 효모 내의 in vivo 재조합을 이용한 TAR 클론닝법은 복잡한 게놈으로부터 목적의 염색체 부분을 원형 YAC의 형태로서 선택적으로 분리할 수 있다. 그러므로 TAR 클론닝 법은 특정 염색체로부터 YACs을 만드는데 매우 유용하여, 전체 게놈으로부터 특이적 유전자나 유전자의 family를 분리하는데 효과적인 방법으로 사료된다. Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) cloning systems have advanced the analysis of complex genomes considerably. They permit the cloning of larger fragments than do bacterial artificial chromosome systems, and the cloned material is more easily modified. Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) is a cloning technique that allows specific chromosomal regions or genes to be isolated directly from genomic DNA without prior construction of a genomic library. This technique involves homologous recombination during spheroplast transformation between genomic DNA and a TAR vector that has 5' and 3' gene targeting sequences (hooks). Using in vivo recombination in yeast, TAR cloning selectively isolates, as circular YACs, desired chromosome segments or entire genes from complex genomes. We propose that TAR cloning can provide an efficient means for generating YACs from specific chromosomes and that TAR cloning may be useful for isolating families of genes and specific genes from total genome DNA.

결핵성 흉막염 환자의 진단에 있어서 ICT Tuberculosis^(�) 검사를 이용한 유용성 연구

박희선,조은경,송창화,정성수,김주옥,김선영 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

The incidence of tuberculous pleuritis is high in Korea where the disease is endemic. Diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis is often problematic for its difficulty in detecting microorganism by stain or culture and sometimes it is not available and to obtain specimens from the pleura because highly invasive procedures are needed. Repeated pleural biopsy is almost always hard for patients. Recent studies on tuberculosis have interest on new methods for accurate and rapid diagnosis. Serologic assay is one of the new imerging diagnostic method for tuerculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Total 38 subjects admitted in the Department of Respiratory Division of Internal Medicine of Chung-Nam National University Hospital are involved in this study. Median age of patients with tuberculous pleuritis was 40 years old, ranging from 18 to 88 years. All patients were receving treatmented by combination anti-tuberculous therapy after the test. The cardboard folding device contained a nitrocellulose strip on which the 38-kDa antigen from M. tuberculosis has been applied. When a specimen (pleural effusion, serum) flows past the nitrocellulose strip, antibodies specific for the 38-kDa antigen bind to the antigen line. In a reverse flow, the bound antibodies are detected by a goat anti-human immunoglobulin G antibody conjugated to colloidal gold particles and show a pink to red positive line. The test is completed in a maximum of 15 minites. Two of the 38 subjects showed positivity. One case was from the pleura and the other from the serum. From the above data, we concluded that ICT Tuberculosis^( ) test is not effective in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis.

METRx™ 기구를 이용한 후방 경추부 추궁추간공 제거술의 예비 결과

박형천,윤승환,박종운,하윤,현동근,김은영,박현선,임대철 대한척추신경외과학회 2004 Neurospine Vol.1 No.1

Objectives: Posterior cervical microscopic laminoforaminotomy has been a preferred procedure for a posterolateral cervical disc or foraminal stenosis. However, neckpain from wide skin incision and muscle injury are some of disadvantages. The authors performed cervical microscopic laminoforaminotomy with METRx™ tubular dilator system and were compared the results with classical cervical microscopic foraminotomy. Methods: Six patients underwent posterior cervical microscopic laminoforaminotomy using the METRx™ during 6 months. We have selected 10 patients from our institution as a comparison group. Preoperative and postoperative pain score composed of the radicular and neck component was examined and disability score also recorded. Diameters and lengths of laminoforaminotomy on the postoperative CT also were compared with two methods Results: Postoperative pain scores to the radiculopathies were not different but postoperative pain scores to the neckpain on the follow up periods were significantly different. The average vertical and transverse diameters of the laminoforaminotomy defect on the postoperative CT scans were not different between two groups. Average hospital stay of the classical methods was 8.8±7.5 days comparison with 4.5±0.54days of new procedure. Conclusions: Posterior cervical microscopic laminoforaminotomy with METRx™ systems seems to provide similar decompression and clinical results as classical methods compared to classical methods and shows superior results for postoperative neckpain and hospital stays.

인간 타액선세포 및 선암종세포주의 분화 유도시 Transglutaminase발현과 고정의존성 성장과의 관계

박대열,이선경,이화정,장현주,민승기,김은철 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.2

Transglutaminase(TGase) catalyzes the Ca^2+ dependent acyl transfer reaction to from γ-glutamyl lysine cross-links between substrate proteins. we have examined the expression of TGase 1 and TGase 2 enzyme activity and protein expression in differentiation induced salivary gland cells(HSG), and human salivary adenocarcinoma cell lines(SGT)in reation to anchorage independent growth. The TGase1 and TGase 2 activity in SGT was higher than in HSG, and there is no significant difference between TGase 2 and TGase1 cells. HSG cells showed no increase in TGase 1 and TGase 2 upon reaching post confluence and in 1.8mM Ca^2+. Expression of the TGase 1 and TGase 2 was induced by high cell density or by high calcium in SGT. No induction of TGase 1 & 2 protein was observed in postconfiuent HSG cells, but there was notable increases in TGase 1 & 2 protein in post confiuent SGT cells. This pattern of TGase 1 & 2 protein expression correlates with the pattern of particulate activity. SGT cells showed more colony size and colony forming activity in soft agar rather than HSG cells. The ability of SGT cells, containing high levels of TGase 2 and TGase1,to form colonies in soft agar suggests a role for this enzyme in anchorage independence.