국산 Lidocaine 알칼리화를 위한 Bicarbonate 혼합시 침전유발 최소량에 대한 고찰

이선호,김현수,곽인숙,안원식,최관호,김광민,손민제 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.39 No.5

Background : When local anesthetics for regional anesthesia is used, usually small amounts of bicar-bonate are added for rapid onset. This addition gives the mixed solution a more alkaline pH. The following result is an increased unionized form of the local anesthetic and rapid penetration of the drug into tiissue. Unfortunately, no data about adequate mixing volumes of domestic lidocaine and bicarbonate is available. Methods : We examined six mixing pairs of two kinds of 2% lidocaines and three kinds of 8.4% bicarbonates for minimum volumes of bicarbonate to cause a precipitation of 2% 20 ml lidocaine. Results : The mean volumes of bicarbonate to cause precipitation were 1.54 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 2.90 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate, 2.73 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate, 0.97 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 1.26ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate and 1.39 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate. Conclusions : We conclude that the Kwang-Myung lidocaine and the Je-Il lidocaine could cause precipitation when mixing with a smaller bicarbonate volume than foreign textbook recommended. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 39: 726-729)

구치의 1급, 2급 와동에 은 아말감, 구치용 복합레진, 복합레진 인레이로 수복시 치아의 파절저항성

안연실,김미자,이광원,손호현 全北大學校 齒醫學硏究所 1991 전북치대논문집 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of the marginal ridge of posterior teeth with class Ⅰ & Ⅱ silver amalgam, posterior composite, and composite resin inlay. The seventy-two extracted caries free human upper premolars were divided into six groups. Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ cavities were prepared and filled with amalgam, light curing composite resin, and resin inlay. Fracture strength was measured at the marginal ridge with "Instron". The results were as follows ; 1. Class Ⅰ restorations were stronger than Class Ⅱ in amalgam and composite resin filled group(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in strength between Class Ⅰ resin inlay and Class Ⅰ resin inlay. 2. In the Class Ⅰ and the Class Ⅱ restorations, the best fracture resistance obtained in resin inlay, followed by composite resin, amalgam(P<0.05). In the Class Ⅰ restorations, result was the same but had no significant difference. 3. Class Ⅰ composite resin and Class Ⅰ resin inlay were stronger than Class Ⅱ amalgam(P<0.05). 4. In the Class Ⅰ restorations, when the marginal ridge was fractured, only enamel or enamel/material were involved. In the Class Ⅱ composite resin and Class Ⅱ resin inlay, enamel/material or only material were involved. In the Class Ⅱ amalgam, only material was fracture.

Fluid transport model을 이용한 치근단 역충전 재료의 혈액오염시 미세누출평가

안효순,장인호,이세준,이광원 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.1

Leakage studies have been performed frequently, since a fluid-tight seal provided by various dental filling materials has been considered clinically important. The leakage of the various root-end filling materials has been widely investigated mostly dye penetration method. These dye studies cannot offer any information about the quality of the seal of a test material over a long period of time The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of root end cavities in blood contamination filled amalgam, intermediate restorative material(IRM), light cured glass ionomer cement(GI) and mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA) by means of a modified fluid transport model. Fifty standard human root sections, each 5mm high and with a central pulp lumen of 3mm in diameter, were and filled with our commonly used or potential root end filling materials after they were contaminated with blood. At 24h, 72h, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after filling, leakage along these filling materials was determined under a low pressure of 10KPa(0.1atm) using a fluid transport model. The results were as follows: 1. MTA group showed a tendency of decreasing percent of gross leakage(20ml/day) in process of time, whereas the other materials showed a tendency of increasing in the process time. 2. At the all time interval. GI group leaked significantly less than amalgam group and IRM group (p<0.05). 3. At the 4 weeks, the percentage of gross leakage in MTA group decreased to 0% thereafter, the low percentage of gross leakage was maintained in MTA group until the end of the experiment, whereas the percentage in IRM group increased to 100%. 4. At the 12 weeks, percentage of gross leakage was significantly low in MTA group(0%), comparison with GI group(40%), amalgam group(90%) and IRM group(100%), but there was no significant difference between latter two materials.

뇌실내출혈로 인한 급성 수두증에서 관찰된 해리증후군

김광기,이경민,이정주,오종배,안태범,정상욱,남현우,박성호 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.5

셀룰로즈 아세테이트 분리막에 대한 계면활성제의 투과거동

안순철,송근호,이광래 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1999 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.-

계면활성제 SDS(M.W. 288)와 SLS(M.W. 420)의 분자량이 셀룰로즈 아세테이트 막의 분획분자량 (MWCO 1,000) 보다 작음에도 불구하고, SDS의 17%와 SLS의 66%가 막에 의해 배제되었다. SLS의 배제율이 SDS의 배제율보다 더 높은 것은 소수기 사슬이 길고 분자량이 큰것에 기인한다. 막오염에 의한 투과저항은 나타나지 않았으며, 농도분극현상에 의한 삼투압은 무시할만 하였다. 계면활성제 SDS와 SLS의 막에 의한 계면활성제의 배제율, 농도분극에 의한 투과저항 등은 계면활성제의 농도에 따라 증가하였으며, 용액의 투과도는 감소하였다. 투과플럭스는 SDS용액의 농도가 24Mm일 때, 막의 고유저항(Rm=6.24×10^(13) m^(1))의 47%에 이르렀다. SLS의 경우 165%에 달했다. The molecular weights of surfactant SDS(M.W. 288) and SLS(M.W. 420) are smaller than the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO 1,000) of cellulose acetate membrane used in this study. However, 17% of SDS and 66% of SLS were rejected by cellulose acetate membrane. The higher rejection rate of SLS than that of SDS is due to the longer hydrophobic chain and greater molecular weight. There was no resistance to permeation rate by membrane fouling, and osmotic pressure due to the concentration polarization was negligible. Rejection rate of surfactant (SDS, SLS) and permeation resistance were increased, and permeation flux due to concentration polarization was declined with increase in concentration of surfactant. Permeation flux of 24mM SDS solution was decreased by 32% as compared to pure water permeation rate (10.9×10^(-3)㎖/min · ㎠ · atm), and decreased by 62% in case of 24 24mM SDS. Permeation resistance due to concentration polarization of 24mM SDS increased upto 47% of intrinsic membrane resistance(Rm=6.24×10^(13) m^(1)), and increased upto 165% in case of 24mM SDS.

節次的 正義實現을 통한 國會信賴의 確保方案

安成浩,政光朝 大田大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.9 No.2

개질 아스팔트 결합재의 특성 연구

김광우,안경애,이명호,최영규 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구에서는 SBS, SBR, LDPE 및 LLDPE 등의 폴리머 재료를 사용하여 국내에 가장 많이 사용되는 아스팔트를 개질 하여 그 특성을 고찰하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 4종류의 폴리머류 아스팔트 개질재는 160℃로 가열하며 AP-3 아스팔트에 혼합시 큰 어려움 없이 혼합되었다. 비교적 높은 온도인 35℃에서 개질 아스팔트는 일반 아스팔트 보다 침입도가 낮아 온도 민감성이 비교적 적은 것으로 나타났다. 개질 아스팔트를 HP-GPC로 분석한 결과 SBS, SBR의 분자는 매우 커서 아스팔트와 분리되어 나타났으며 LDPE와 LLDPE는 filter에 걸러져 나타나지 않았다. 또한 160℃에서 24시간 인공노화 후 HP-GPC 분석결과 LDPE가 노화에 대한 저항이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고 SBS와 SBR 등은 상대적으로 노화가 많이 이루어짐을 알 수 있다. 인장강도는 LDPE 개질 아스팔트 혼합물이 가장 높아 일반아스팔트 혼합물에 비하여 40% 이상 강하게 나타났으며 탄성계수는 3.6배 이상 높게 나타났다. 따라서 이제까지의 연구결과 LDPE가 가장 개질 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 실용화를 위해서는 향후 보다 깊은 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다. In this study, SBS, SBR, LDPE and LLDPE were used to make polymer modified asphalts (PMA) by mixing with the conventional asphalt cement (AP-3) which is most widely used in Korea. These polymeric materials were mixed well in the asphalt by stirring at 160℃ for 30 min. Since the PMAs had low penetration values, temperature susceptibility of the PMA was relatively lower than conventional asphalt. HP-GPC result showed that SBR and SBS appeared at void volume due to the molecules were out of column's effective ranges. While, LDPE and LLDPE did not appeared in GPC profile because it was assumed that the particles were collected by syringe filler before injection. Artificial aging results at 160℃ for 24 hours showed that the LDPE modified asphalt was the least aged one compared with others. LDPE PMA mixture also showed the highest tensile strength and elastic modulus. It was 40% higher in tensile strength and 3.6 times higher in elastic modulus compared with conventional asphalt mixture. Therefore, LDPE was found to be the most effective polymer materials for modifying asphalt cement in this study. However, further studies are needed in content, performance and field evaluation, etc. for practical application.

중금속물질이 마우스 신장 근위곱슬세관의 미세구조에 미치는 영향

염광섭,박경호,양남길,안의태,고정식 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

본 실험은 중금속 물질이 마우스 신장 근위요세관의 미세구조에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 시행하였다. 체중 20-25 g의 숫생쥐를 실험동물로 사용하였으며, 대조군과 중금속 투여군으로 나누었다. 중금속 투여군은 투여 량과 종류에 따라 염화제이수은(HgCl₂)투여군 (2mg, 5mg, 10mg/kg/BW)과 중크롬산칼륨(K₂Cr₂O7)투여군 (5mg, 10mg, 20mg/kg/BW)으로 나누어, 중금속 투여 후 6시간, 3일 및 2주 후에 도살하여 조직을 절취하였다. 중금속투여는 마우스의 등 쪽에 피하주사 하였다. 절취한 신장은 2.5% glutaraldehyde- 1.5% paraformaldehyde액으로 일차고정한 후, 1% osmium tetroxide액에 이차고정하였으며, 고정이 끝난 조직은 acohol과 acetone으로 탈수한 후 araldite 혼합액에 포매하였다. 포매된 조직은 LKB-V ultratome으로 60-70 nm 두께의 얇은 절편을 작성하여 uranyl acetate와 lead citrate액으로 염색한 후 JEM 100CX-Ⅱ전자 현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 염화제이수은은 근위곧은세관에 먼저 영향을 주며, 중크롬산칼륨은 근위곱슬세관에 영향을 준다 2. 중금속이 신장의 근위요세관에 미치는 영향은 중금속의 투여량과 시간에 비례하는 변화를 보였다 3. 중금속은 세포의 막성구조들에 영향을 주어 기능을 저하시켜, 상피의 탈락을 일으켰으나, 시일이 경과하면 정상 상태로 복귀한다. 4. 근위요세관의 변화는 1) 미세융모는 수적 감소, 2) 다양한 크기의 세포질 내 액포형성, 3) 사립체의 변화 , 4) 무과립형질내세망의 증가, 5) 세포기저부와 옆면 세포사이간극의 확장 및 상피의 탈락, 6) 근위요세관의 상피재생의 순서로 일어난다. This experiment was performed to study the morphological changes of the proximal convoluted tubule of mice following subcutaneous injection of heavy metallic agents. Male mice were divided into normal and experimental groups. The mice were subcutaneous injected with HgCl₂(2mg, 5mg and 10mg/Kg/BW) and K₂Cr₂O7(5mg, 10mg and 20mg/kg/BW). Animals were sacrificed on 6 hours, 3 days and 14 days after the injections. Kidney were fixed in the 2.5% glutaraldehyde - 1.5% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by refixation in the 1% osmium tetroxide solution. Dehydrated blocks were embedded in araldite mixture. The sections were cut on a LKB V ultratome, and ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100CX Ii electron microscope. The results were as follow: 1. Mercury chloride causes selective damage of straight portion of proximal tubule in the mouse kidney. 2. Potassium dichromate selectively affects the cells of the convoluted portion of the proximal tubule. 3. Tubular damage is greater at higher dose levels and at longer time intervals. 4. The sequence of progressive changes leading to nephron damage are : 1) swelling and loss of microvilli; 2) formation of vacuoles of varied sizes; 3) mitochondrial changes and accumulation of rough endoplsmic reticulum; 4) dilation of basolateral intercellular space followed by desquamation; and 5) regeneration of proximal tubular cell.

수소동위원소 운반용기 단열 해석

김광락,이민수,백승우,이성호,안도희,임성팔,정흥석 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2

The immobilized hydrogen as a titanium hydride could be used in a stainless steel vessel for the long-term storage of hydrogen isotopes. The design analysis of a hydrogen isotope transport container with capacity of 0.5 MCi tritium was carried out to confirm the performance of the safely requirement. In order to verify that the radioactive transport container complies with the requirements for the B(U) type container stipulated in the MOST regulation of transport container, thermal analysis were made for normal condition and hypothetical accident conditions during transport. Thermal analysis with the Heating-7 code under conditions of 38℃ for 7 days and 800℃ for 30 minutes showed that the container complied with the requirement for B(U) type transport container.

혈부축어탕의 고지혈증 유발 생쥐 신장내 지방 축적 감소효과

김호현,강윤호,방혜정,김진택,박인식,안상현,이해풍 世明대학교 한의학연구소 1998 韓醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

Renal tissues of ICR mouse were intraperitoneally injected with Hyulboochucketang(HCE;1.28g/kg/day) after Triton WR-1339(TX;600mg/kg) injection were observed to investigate the lipid accumulation suppressive effect of HCE. The renal tissues were obtained at hour 24,48 and 72 after TX injection that were fixed in fromol-calcium solution and were cryocut. The tissue stained by H&E for general morphology, sudan black B for lipid and perchloric acid-naphthoquinone method for cholesterol. The parietal layer of Bowman's capsule is swelled as cuboidal type at hour 48 after TX injection and the lipid blot and cholesterol particle were noticeably increased in glomerulus than control group. But the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule in HCE treated group was shaped as squamous type that was looked like as normal morphology and the lipid blot and cholesterol particle w3ere considerably decreased in glomerulus than TX group. As results indicated that the accumulation of lipid including cholesterol caused by TX injection were mitigated in renal tissues by the antihyperlipidermic effect of HCE.