실험적 급성 심근경색증 후 좌심실 재성형에 관여하는 간질 조직의 변화에 대한 전환효소억제제의 기전에 대한 연구 : 백서의 非痛璧性 심근경색 후 좌심실 재성형 및 Transforming Grawth Factor β-1의 발현 변화와 이에 대한 레닌 안지오텐신계 차단제의 효과 분석 Effects on Transforming Growth Factor - β-1 Expression

연태진,김석연,김효수,김어진,김소영,정은주,서정욱,오병희 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.9

비소세포폐암에서 Microsatellite Instability

전효성,김정란,손지웅,박선하,박태인,김창호,김인산,정태훈,박재용 경북대학교 병원 2001 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.5 No.1

연구베경:MMR 유전자의 불활성화에 의해 야기되는 뮤전적 불안정성은 발암기전의 한 부류로 인정되고 있다.저자들은 비소세포폐암의 발암과정에서의 MSI의 역할을 규명하기 위해 비소세포폐암에서 MSI의 빈도 및 MSI 유무에 따른 임상상의 차이를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법:근치적 절제술을 받은 비소세포폐암 20예를 대상으로 하였다.동결된 폐암조직과 환자의 림프구에서 DNA를 추출한 후 3P와 9p의 15개의 marker들을 대상으로 PCR을 시행하고 7% polyacrylamide gel에서 전기영동한 후 silver 염색을 시행하였다. 암조직과 림프구 DNA의 PCR product의 band를 비교하여 MSI와 LOH를 판정하였다. 결과:1)대상환자들은 남자 19예,여자 1예였으며 모두 흡연자였고 평균 흠연력은 47 갑년이었다. 폐암의 조직형은 편평상피암 15예, 선암 4예,대세포암 1예였고, 술 후 병리학적 병기는 Ⅰ기 6예,Ⅱ기 5예, ⅢA기 7예,ⅢB기 2예였다. 2)20예 가운데 8예(40%)에서 MSI가 관찰되었으며 3예는 한 개의 marker에서,5예는 2개 이상의 marker에서 MSI가 관찰되었다. 3)LOH는 10예(50%)에서 있었으며,LOH유무에 따른 병가 및 흡연력의 차이가 없었다. 4)분석한 marker의 10% 이상에서 MSI가 관찰된 MSI-L종양은 5예였으며, 대부분의 marker에서 MSI양성인 MSI-H종양은 없었다.MSS종양과 MSI-L종양은 흡연력, 병기, 폐암 조직형 및 LOH 빈도의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론:비소세포폐암에서 MSI는 비교적 흔히 관찰되지만 MMR 유전자의 불활성화에 의한 MMP pathway 는 비소세포폐암의 주요 발생기전은 아닐 것으로 생각된다.향 후 비소세포폐암의 발암과정에 있어서 MMP pathway의 역할을 규명하기 위해서는 보다 많은 예를 대상으로 한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, MSI 발생기전에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: Microsatellite instability(MSI) is frequently used as an indicator of microsatellite mutator phenotype (MMP) tumors.MSI has been observed in a percentage of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However, its role in tumorigenesis of NSCLC remains unknown.The frequency and partten of MSI in NSCLC were evaluted and clinical parameters of MSI-positive tumors with those of MSS(microsatellite stable) tumors were compared. Materials and Methods: Twenty surgically resected NSCLCs were analyzed for 15 microsatellite markers located at chromosomes 3p and 9p.The peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients were used as the source of the normal DNA. Results:1) of 20 cases, 8(40%) demonstrated MSI. 2) Instability was observed more frequently in tri- and tetra-nucleotide repeats that in dinucleotide repeats. In all cases, instability appeared as a shift of individual allelic bands. 3) LOH was observed in 10(50%) of 20 tumors analyzed. 4) Of 20 cases, MSI-H tumor(showing MSI in the majority of markers) was absent. There were 5 MSI-L tumors( showing MSI in a greater than 10% of markers). 5) No significant difference was observed between MSI-L tumors and MSI negative tumors in terms of clinicopathologic features such as pack-year history of smoking, histologic subtype, and (delete) stage of disease.There was also no significant difference in the incidence of LOH in relation to the status of MSI. Conclusion: These data strongly suggest that MSI plays different roles in lung and colon cancer.MMP pathway appears to be far less important in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC, caused mainly by cigarette smoke, with little familial tendency.(tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2000,48:24-32)

그람양성구균에 대한 Teicoplanin과 Vancomycin의 시험관내 항균력

최태열,김경숙,전용관,서일혜,김정욱,이웅수,안정열,김홍석,정재용,최효선,김덕언,유진우 대한감염학회 1994 감염 Vol.26 No.1

An increasing frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA), methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS) and Enterococcal infection have been observed in recent years. Teicoplanin is a new glycopeptide antibiotic obstained from the Actinoplanes teicomycetius. The molecular structure and spectrum of antimicrobial activity of teicoplanin is simillar to those of vancomycin, and has been reported to have an excellent in vitro and in vivo effect against various gram-positive infections. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitor susceptibility of gram positive cocci, such as, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci(CNS), and Enterococci to teicoplanin and vancomycin. The total 253 strains consisted of MSSA(40), MRSA(53), MSCNS(47), MRCNS(48), and Enterococci(65). They were assayed by disc diffusion and agar dilution. During the study, 57% of S. aureus and 49% of CNS showed resistance to methicillin. The inhibitory diameter of teicoplanin was 15-20mm in MSSA, 12-19mm in MRSA, 13-24mm in MSCNS, 11-23mm in MRCNS, and 15-22mm in Enterococci respectively, and showed sensitivity in all but 8 strains(3.2%). The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of teicoplanin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS and Enterococci were 9.12-2.0㎍/ml, 0.25-2.0㎍/ml, & 0.25-32㎍/ml, 0.12-1.0㎍/ml respectively. One case of S. haemolyticus was resistant to teicoplanin (32㎍/ml) by the agar dilution method. Eight minor (3.2%) and one major(0.4%) error was observed when the MIC and disk diffusion data were correlated with teicoplanin. As for vancomycin the inhibitory diameter was 17-21mm in MSSA, 15-21mm in MRSA, 18-26mm in MSCNS, 18-25mm in MRCNS, and 16-22mm in Enterococci respectively. The range of the MIC of vancomycin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS, and Enterococci were 0.25-1.0㎍/ml, 0.25-4.0㎍/ml, 0.5-2.0㎍/ml and 0.5-2.0㎍/ml respectively. One minor error (0.4%) was seen with the vancomycin disk. The MIC90 of MSSA and MRSA exhibited the same results in teicoplanin (1.0㎍/ml, 1.0㎍/ml), and vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). MSCNS and MRCNS exhibited greater MIC90 with teicoplanin(4.0㎍/ml, 8.0㎍/ml) than vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). Incontrase Enterococci were more susceptible to teicoplanin(0.5㎍/ml) than to vancomucin (2.0㎍/ml). Results from this analysis indicated that both teicoplanin and vancomycin were very excellent for gram positive infections, especially those resistant to methicillin.

구개부에 발생한 다형성선종의 치험례

이창진,김태열,김효언,김희광,전인성,윤규호 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.2

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common of all salivary gland tumors, constituting over 50 per cent of all cases of tumors, and approximately 90 per cent of all benign salivary gland tumors. Since the term mixed tumor' was introduced by Broca for its dual origin of epithelial and mesenchymal elements, the term plemorphic adenoma suggested by Willis characterizes closely the unusual histologic pattern of the lesion. The parotid gland is the most common site but it may occur in any of the salivary glands. It is somewhat more frequent in women and in the fourth to sixth decades, but they are also relatively common in young adult and have been known to occur in children. Treatment of choice is surgical excision. Adequate surgery with safe margin reduce its recurrence rate. We represent a case of pleomorphic adenoma with literature review in 65-year old male occured in the palate. The lesion was successfully treated by surgical excision.

Korean English Teacher's Disempowerment in English-only Classes

Sung-Sam Hwang,Hyo-Sun Seo,Tae-Young Kim 한국사회언어학회 2010 사회언어학 Vol.18 No.1

Hwang, Sung-Sam, SeD, Hyo-Sun, Kim, Tae-Young. 2010. Korean English Teacher's Disempowerment in English-only Classes: A Case Study Focusing on Korea-specific Cultural Aspects. The Sociolinguistic journal of Korea 18(1). In this case study, we have focused on the disempowerment of a Korean English teacher (KET) in English-only classrooms. Six English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms in a Korean high school were observed and analyzed by using interpretive discourse analysis. Out of the six classes, three representative classrooms were both video- and audio-taped. The results show that the English-only classes could weaken the KETs' power via three mechanisms: (a) calling the KETs' last name for choral greetings at the beginning of the class, (b) students' group solidarity and peer pressure between classmates, and (c) the students' excessively collaborative approach to peer assistance. It is argued that the exclusive English-only instruction disempowers the KETs' status and dismantles their vocational identity. In order to remedy the current situation, within a scaffolding supported by the eclectic use of first language where necessary for effective class management, KETs are empowered and overcome constraints imposed by the limited L2 oral competence of some non-native English teachers.

새로운 양성자-펌프 저해제의 합성(2) 및 생리활성 연구

김효정,권태익,박일현 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1997 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.24 No.1

For development new anti-ulcer agents, we synthesize proton-pump (H/K-ATPase) inhibitors which inhibit gastric acid secretion at the last step in the parietal cell. These are omeprazole analogues, in which pyridine group replaced by pyrazole moiety, to increase pharmacological activity and to decrease side effects, and we also synthesize substituted benzimidazole rings. The structure of the compounds was identified with ^1H-NMR, M.S. and I.R. The compounds which have 5-substituted benzimidazole show good activity in the following order MeO > Cl > H, and also, 1-benzyl group of pyrazole substituted compounds has inhanced activity.

적응 임계치를 이용한 동영상 차분 블록 부호화 알고리즘

김태효,최재윤 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1997 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

본 논문은 적응 임계치를 이용한 동영상의 차분블록 부호화 알고리즘을 기술한 것이다. 적응 임계치는 영상 프레임 중에서 이동블록의 히스토그램으로부터 구해진다. 연속되는 영상의 이전 프레임과 현재 프레임의 차분프레임을 8×8부블록으로 분할하고 각 블록마다 적응임계치(adaptive threshold value)를 이용하여 이동성분을 포함하는 블록들을 검출한다. 이러한 이동성분의 데이터를 압축하기 위해 DCT(discrete cosine transform)처리하고, Huffman code로 부호화한다. 실험 결과, 복원 영상에 대한 PSNR이 44dB 이상의 양호한 특성을 가졌으나, 양자화처리를 하지 않았으므로 큰 압축률은 얻을 수 없었다. This paper describes the differential block coding algorithm for moving image using adaptive threshold value which is obtained from the histogram of the moving blocks. We split the difference frame between the previous frame and the current frame into 8 × 8 sub-blocks. The moving blocks are detected from each of sub-block using threshold value which is selected from the histogram data of difference between frames. Then they are performed DCT and Huffman coding in order to reduce the data. In simulation the PSNR from the reconstruction image was obtained from the test images. As a result, we confirmed that the PSNR have above 44dB in both of the test images, but owing to less quantization the reconstruction images have less compression rate.

Insulin에 의하여 유도된 혈장 Homovanillic Acid 농도변화와 정신분열병환자의 임상증상

김병효,윤태호,한규희 대한생물치료정신의학회 1999 생물치료정신의학 Vol.5 No.2

요 약12명의 정상대조군과 54명의 항정신병약물을 복용중인 정신분열병환자를 연구대상으로 하여 insulin 투여후의 혈장 HVA농도의 변동을 알아 보았다. Insulin투여후의 변동을 알아 보기 위해 오전 8시에 기저 혈액을 채혈하고 insulin(0.1 unit/kg)을 투여한 후 30, 60, 90분 시점에 채혈하였다.정상대조군은 insulin을 투여하지 않은 상태의 오전 8시 기저치는 12.46ng/ml이었으며 이로부터 insulin투여 후 30, 60, 90분 후 HVA의 농도는 11.94, 11.86, 11.21ng/ml로 유의하게 감소하는 경향을 볼 수 있었다. 전체 정신분열병환자의 기저치는 10.81, insulin투여 30분 후 10.73, 60분 후 11.27, 90분 후 10.97ng/ml로 나타났다. 25명의 양성군 환자들의 기저치는 10.38, 30분 후 9.83, 60분 후 10.31, 90분후 9.73ng/ml로 나타났다. 27명의 음성군환자들의 기저치는 11.44, 30분 후 11.64, 60분 후 12.18, 90분 후 11.53ng/ml로 나타났다. 양성-음성지수와 HVA농도의 변동을 살펴 보았던 바 음성지수가 증가함에 따라 HVA농도도 증가하는 양상을 볼 수 있었다. The authors tried to compare the significant changes of plasma homovanillic acid(HVA) concentration after insulin administration in normal controls(n=12) and schizophrenic patients(n=54). Male patients with schizophrenia taking neuroleptics were participated in this study, with multiple samplings at baseline, 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes after insulin administration. There was a gradual decrement of plasma HVA concentrations from 8 to 9:30 am in normal controls. Plasma concentration at baseline was 12.46ng/ml in normal controls. It decreased to 11.94, 11.86 and 11.21ng/ml at 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes after insulin administration. Plasma concentration at baseline was 10.81ng/ml in schizophrenic patients. It changed to 10.73, 11.27, and 10.97ng/ml at 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes after insulin administration. This pattern was not correlated with clinical variables, such as age, onset age, duration of illness and presence of family history. Schizophrenic patients were grouped into five groups by negative syndrome scale. The negative syndrome score correlated positively with plasma HVA concentration. This result suggests that plasma HVA concentration can be a biological marker for the clinical states in patients with schizophrenia. In the near future, the author will try to confirm whether the insulin-HVA method can be used as a biological indicator for the elucidation of complex clinical manifestations of schizophrenia.

자동 경계 탐지(Automated Border Detection)심초음파도를 이용한 좌심방 면적 및 기능의 평가

김현주,주승재,임진형,정효균,이영수,유호대,차태준,이재우 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.2

시화호의 계절변화에 따른 지화학적 환경요인 특성 연구

김태하,박용철,이효진,김동화,박준건,김성준,이미연 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.12

Seasonal variation of biogeochemical characteristics was determined in Lake Shihwa from October 2002 to August 2003. When the lake was artificially constructed for the freshwater reservoir in 1988, the development of the strong haline density stratification resulted in two-layered system in water column and hypoxic/anoxic environment prevailed in the bottom layer due to oxidation of accumulated organic matters in the lake. Recently, seawater flux to the lake through the sluice has been increased to improve water quality in the lake since 2000, but seasonal stratification and hypoxic bottom layer of the lake still developed in the summer due to the nature of artificially enclosed lake system. As the lake is still receiving tremendous amount of organic matters and other pollutants from neighboring streams during the rainy summer season, limited seawater flux sluicing into the lake may not be enough for the physical and biogeochemical mass balance especially in the summer. The excess of accumulated organic matters in the bottom layer apparently exhausted dissolved oxygen and affected biogeochemical distributions and processes of organic and inorganic compounds in the stratified two-layered environment in the summer. During the summer, ammonia and dissolved organic carbon remarkably increased in the bottom layer due to the hypoxic/anoxic condition in the bottom layer. Phosphate also increased as the result of benthic flux from the bottom sediment. Meanwhile, dissolved organic carbon showed the highest value at the upstream area and decreased along the salinity gradient in the lake. In addition to the sources from the upstream, autochthonous origin of particulate organic carbon from algal bloom in the lake might be more important for sustaining aggravated water quality and development of deteriorated bottom environment in the summer. The removal of trace metals could be attributed to scavenging by strong insoluble metal-sulfide compounds in the hypoxic/anoxic bottom layer in the summer.