김정은 체제의 구축과 변화전망

박종문 ( Jong Moon Park ) 이실학회(구 한국경찰이론과실무학회) 2012 경찰연구논집 Vol.10 No.-

북한을 철권통치 했던 김정일이 사망하면서 아들인 김정은이 3대 권력을 세습하였다. 3년이라는 짧은 후계수업 기간과 권력기반마저 미약하여 많은 우려를 자아냈으나, 현재까지 별다른 어려움 없이 최고사령관과 당 제1비서, 당 중앙군사위원장, 국방위원회 제1위원장으로 추대되면서 북한의 최고 지도자가 되었다. 김정은은 아버지와 달리 TV생중계와 공개연설 그리고 스킨십 등으로 대중 친화적이고 새로운 정치스타일을 보이면서 긍정적인 북한의 변화를 예측하게 하는 한편 공개연설을 통해 김일성 주체사상과 김정일의 선군정치를 계승·발전시켜 군사강국·경제강국을 달성하겠다는 다짐과 장거리 미사일을 발사하고 핵개발을 포기하지 않을 것이라는 입장을 보이고 있다. 앞으로 김정은은 체제 안정을 위하여 대내적으로 군부세력을 관리하고 당의 권한을 강화시켜 지도력을 강화하고, 주민의 생활을 개선과 경제난국을 타개하기 위한 경제정책을 펼칠 것이다. 대외적으로는 국제적인 고립을 피하고 정권의 존속을 위하여 절대적인 후원국인 중국과 협조관계를 공고히 하고, 미국에 대해서는 한국을 배제한 채 강온정책으로 평화협정 채결과 경제지원을 받기 위해 노력할 것이다. 또 한국에 대해서는 이명박 정부의 ``원칙 있는 대북정책``에 극도로 반감을 표출하고 있어 현 정권에서는 대남강경정책을 펼치다가 차기 정부와는 새로운 돌파구를 찾을 것으로 보인다. 특히 2012년은 한국의 대통령 선거를 비롯한 한반도 주변 주요국들의 정권교체가 있는 해로서 김정은 체제의 안정성과 향후 대내외정책에 따라 동북아와 한반도의 평화에 절대적인 영향을 미칠 것이다. 따라서 북한의 대내외 정책 변화를 신속정확하게 파악하고 국제사회와 긴밀한 협력으로 김정은의 군사적 모험주의에 대비하고 북한의 경제 개선전략을 지원함으로써 갈등과 대립에서 협력과 공동번영의 한반도로 거듭나야 할 것이다. Immediately after his father Kim Jong-il`s death, the younger Kim Jong-un was hailed as “the great successor”. Even though some of experts expressed their concerns that Kim Jong-un took only 3-year-class to be a successor and his political background was not strong enough, without any difficulty, he has held the titles of the First Secretary of the Workers` Party of Korea, the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, First Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea and the Supreme Commander of the Korean People`s Army. And also he was officially declared the supreme leader of North Korea. 57) Kim Jong-un shows that he has new and public-friendly style of leadership which is different from that of his father. This implicates that North Korea will change in a positive way. He made his first public speech as North Korea marked the 100th anniversary of the birthday of Kim Il-sung on 15 April, praising the “military first” doctrine and emphasizing the need of economic growth. A few months into his leadership, North Korea launched a long-range missile which it said would put a satellite into orbit. It shows that Kim Jong-un will not give up reinforcing North Korea`s nuclear capability. In the future, Kim Jong-un will control military authorities, strengthen his leadership and push ahead economic policy to overcome financial difficulties internally. Externally, he will cement friendly relations which have existed between North Korea and China to avoid international isolation and maintain his regime. In addition, he will try to conclude a peace treaty between North Korea and the United States and demand economic aid. Regarding South Korea, Kim Jong-un has antagonism toward policy of Lee Myung-bak administration on North Korea. Therefore he has taken his hard-lined offensive movements against South Korea and he may shift to more moderate policy toward South Korea in the next government. In particular, there will be some of important events this year, such as an upcoming presidential election in South Korea and change of government in other neighboring countries. The stability and internal/external policy of North Korea will have a strong influence on peace of Northeast Asia and Korean peninsular. In conclusion, South Korea should analyze the whole situation of North Korea promptly and accurately, cooperate with the U.S., China and the International Society, develop national security strategy against Kim Jong-un`s “military first” doctrine and support the economic development plan of North Korea. By doing so, the relationship between South Korea and North Korea will be improved for the better.

Correction: Bioinspired M-13 bacteriophage-based photonic nose for differential cell recognition

Moon, Jong-Sik,Kim, Won-Geun,Shin, Dong-Myeong,Lee, So-Young,Kim, Chuntae,Lee, Yujin,Han, Jiye,Kim, Kyujung,Yoo, So Young,Oh, Jin-Woo Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Chemical Science Vol.8 No.2

<P>Correction for ‘Bioinspired M-13 bacteriophage-based photonic nose for differential cell recognition’ by Jong-Sik Moon <I>et al.</I>, <I>Chem. Sci.</I>, 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02021f.</P>

Nonextraction treatment of Class Ⅱ division 2 in an adult patient using microimplant anchorage (MIA)

Chae, Jong-Moon 대한치과교정학회 발행 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Maxillary anterior teeth were intruded and lingually root torqued with two maxillary anterior microimplants between the lateral incisors and canines. Overerupted maxillary canines were intruded with two other microimplants between the maxillary canines and first premolars. Maxillary posterior teeth and canines were distalized, then the maxillary incisors were retracted with two maxillary posterior microimplants between the first and second molars. The mandibular anterior teeth were intruded and the mandibular posterior teeth were extruded with conventional method such as anterior bite plane, intrustion arch and Class Ⅱ elastics. The mandible moved slightly forward after the correction of deep bite and retroclination of the upper incisors. Consequently, microimplant anchorage (MIA) provided absolute anchorage for simultaneous correction of Class Ⅱ canine and molar relationships and deep overbite. 상악 측절치와 견치의 치근 사이에 식립한 microimplant를 이용하여 상악 전치의 함입과 설측으로의 치근 이동을 얻을 수가 있었으며, 상악 견치와 제1소구치의 치근 사이에 식립한 microimplant를 이용하여 과맹출된 상악 견치를 함입시켰다. 또한 상악 제1,2대구치의 치근 사이에 식립한 microimplant를 이용하여 상악 견치 및 구치의 후방 이동 및 상악 전치의 후방 견인을 시행하였다. Anterior bite plane과 intrusion arch, 그리고 Ⅱ급 고무 등과 같은 전통적인 방법을 사용하여 하악 전치의 함입 및 구치부의 정출을 얻얼 수가 잇었으며, 과개 교합 및 상악 전치의 설측 경사가 해소 되면서 하악골이 전방으로 약간 이동하였다. 이와 같이 MIA는 Ⅱ급 2류 부정교합 환자에 있어서 Ⅱ급 견치 및 구치 관계 그리고 과개교합을 동시에 해소 하는데 절대적인 고정원을 제공하였다.

The Potential ‘O-GlcNAc-P’om’

Il Soo Moon(문일수),HyunSook Lee(이현숙),Hyung Jong Lee(이형종) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.2

O-GlcNAc 화(O-GlcNAcylation)는 단백질의 serine이나 threonine에 N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 분자가 결합하는 것으로, 기존의 당단백질과 달리 세포질 및 핵단백질 모두에 일어난다. 또한 수정의 속도가 빠르고 가역적으로 일어남이 인산화 수식과 유사하다. 그러나 수많은 인산화효소와 탈인산화효소가 관여하는 것과 달리 O-GlcNAc 수식은 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT)와 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 단 두 개의 효소에 의하여 이루어진다. 이러한 단순한 조절기전은 세포가 내외환경에 즉시 적응할 수 있도록 진화한 것으로 해석된다. 즉, O-GlcNAc 수식은 특정한 단백질 하나 하나의 활성을 켜거나 끄는 것이 아니라, 세포의 신호전달과정의 효율을 전반적으로 조절하는 ‘가변저항기(rheostat)’ 역할을 한다. O-GlcNAc 수식은 흔히 같은 아미노산 혹은 그 주변의 아미노산이 인산화되는 것을 수반하는데, 이는 인산화와 함께 서로 조화를 이루어 세포활성을 조절하는 것으로 해석된다. 최근 O-GlcNAc이 더 나아가 O-GlcNAc-P로 인산화될 가능성이 제시되고 있는 바, 본 총설에서는 이의 가능성을 이론적으로 설명하고, 실제 실험결과를 소개한다. The addition and removal of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) molecules on serine or threonine residues of a protein is called O-GlcNAcylation. This post-translational modification occurs on both cytoplasmic and nuclear protein, and is fast and reversible as comparable to phosphorylation. In contrast to the phospho-signaling cycles, this emerging moon-lightening signaling is cycled by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). The simple machinery is a good evolutionary adaptation of a cell for quick accommodation to continuously fluctuating intra- and extracellular microenvironments. Rather than “switching” on or off a specific proteins ? this would be done by phosphorylation where numerous specific kinases and phosphatases are involved - O-GlcNAcylation would play a “rheostat” which would be much more delicately increase or decrease the efficacy of signal transductions in response to cellular nutrient and stress conditions. Interestingly, recent evidence indicates that O-GlcNAc is further modified by phosphorylation. The O-GlcNAc-P will upgrade the modulation efficiency of cellular processes to continuous ‘analogue’ level. So far, only one protein AP180 was reported to have O-GlcNAc-P on Thr310. But, proteomic data from our laboratory indicate that there are multiple O-GlcNAc-P proteins, constituting “O-GlcNAc-P’om”. This will focus on the possibility of existence of “O-GlcNAc-P’om”.

백화사설초 메탄올 추출물에 의한 HL-60 細胞 枯死過程에서의 cell cycle 關聯因子의 活性變化 硏究

한세희,이종범,문구,문석재,원진희,박래길,이종덕 대한한방종양학회 2000 대한한방종양학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Objecives: Hedyotis diffusa is used to treat cancer in traditional Korea Medicine. So this study was carried out to examine the expression of cell cycle related genes in HL-60 cells undergoing apoptosis by the methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa. Methods: 1. HL-60 cells were treated with various concentrations (from 200 to 50㎍/ml)of metnanol extract and H20 extract (200 ㎍/ml) of hedyotis diffusa. After 48 h later, the cells were tested for viability by MTT assay. 2. The HL-60 cells were treated with 200 ㎍/ml of methanol extract for the indicated periods. The whole cell lysates were prepared and analyzed by westem blotting using anti-p53 antibody. 3. The nuclear extract were prepared and analyed by western blotting using anti-p21 antibody, anti-p27 antibody, anti-cyclen A antibody, anti-cylin E antibody and anti-CDK2 antinbody. Results: 1. The methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa induced the death of HL-60 cells in a dose dependent manner. 2. The methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa makedly decreased the level of p21/Cipl and cyclin A in a time dependent manner. 3. The methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa markedly increased tje ;eve; pf p27/Kip and cyclin E in a time dependent mammer. 4.The methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa markedly did not affect the level of CDK2. Conclusions: These results provide evidence that expression of cell cycle related genes in HL-6- cells undergoing apoptosis by the methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa mainly results from decreased level of p21/cipl and increased level of p27/Kipl of the cell cycle related genes.

老齡者의 建康을 위한 生活習慣 實態調査

申東敏,長鳳愚,李揆文,金賢俊,金昌範,崔宗洙,崔鍾晥,李鍾珏,金圭碩,趙庚旭,金鍾聲,朴鍾振 平生體育硏究所 論文集 1987 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

With a view to examining the habit and method in which old people maintain and improve their health, we consulted 551 men and 444 women who were over 65 years old, and concluded as follows: 1. Habit of eating It's been revealed that most of the old people keep a regular eating hour, control the quantity of meal or eat a little food, and prefer vegetables to meat. 2. Mental health Old people feel the necessity for mental health and most of them (about 80%) keep good mental health without becoming pessimistic. Their chief concenrs have turned out to be about their sons and daughters and their own health and finance. 3. Managing Good Health It has been revelaed that old people do not possess any special kind of secret to keep good health but taking plenty of rest, regular meal, and proper exercise, and many of them (about 60%) have been shown to eat invigorant food that they can easily get around their living area. 4. Physical Functions It has been revealed that many old people are conscious of some symptoms about their parts of body and about to percent of them suffers from neuralgia. Some measures like medical aid especially for old people need to be taken as soon as possible. As we have found that the health-keeping method of old people consists plenty of rest, proper exercise, and appropriate nutrition, we can conclude that the recreatonal and culture facilities and programs for keeping old people in good health should be developed. It is also necessary to study food that contribute to their health and develop ways to get rid of the stresses to which they are exposed in their daily life. Presides, it is natural that government found an administrative department to deal with these matters effectively.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

연안산 패류를 이용한 조미소재의 가공 및 정미성분

문정호,강수태,김종태,오광수 경상대학교 해양산업연구소 2002 해양산업연구소보 Vol.15 No.-

고부가가치를 창출할 수 있는 새로운 식품가공용 풍미조미소계의 개발과 품질의 개선, 그리고 연안에서 생산되는 수산자원의 유효이용이라는 관점에서, 고부가 활용도가 거의 없는 바지락을 원료로 하여 고부가가치의 풍미계 조미소재 및 수프 소재로서 활용될 수 있는 유용 조미소재의 최적 가공조건을 구명하였고, 이의 정미성분을 분석하였다. 바지락 2단 효소분해 조미소재는 최적 가공공정은 다음과 같다. 시료 바지락을 chopper로써 세절한 다음 약 3배량의 물을 가하고, 98℃에서 5분간 자숙하여 자가소화효소를 불활성화시킨 후, 시료액의 pH를 8.0으로 조정하고 여기에 활성이 비교적 약한 내알칼리성 단백분해효소 가하여 교반하면서 55℃에서 4시간 동안 가수분해시킨다. 이어 자숙 처리하여 효소를 불활성화시킨 후 다시 pH를 6.0으로 조정하고, 여기에 exopeptidase 형의 중성 단백분해효소를 가한 다음 45℃에서 교반하면서 4시간 동안 가수분해시키고, 효소를 불활성화시킨 후 원심분리하여 상등액을 취함으로서 효소분해 조미소재를 얻을 수 있었다. 열수추출법, 자가소화법 및 2단효소분해법으로 바지락 조미소재를 조제하고, 각 조미소재의 특성을 서로 비교 검토한 결과, 바지락 열수 및 가압추출 조미소재에서는 대체로 감칠맛이 났으나 맛의 강도가 약하였고 패류취가 감지되었다. 바지락 2단 효소분해 조미소재는 감칠맛과 맛의 조화력이 월등히 강하였고, 특히 투명도 상승 등 조미소재의 물리적, 관능적 품질이 현저히 개선되었다. 바지락 열수 및 가압추출 조미소재, 2단효소분해 조미소재의 유리아미노산 총량은 각각 1,352.1 mg/100g, 1,174.1 mg/100g 및 2,122.4 mg/100g이었고, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, phonylalanine, arginine 등이 주요 유리아미노산으로 추출방법에 따라 아미노산의 농도변화가 켰다. Betaine 함량은 116.O~845.0 mg/100g으로 열수추출이나 가압추출에 비해 효소분해 조미소재의 함량이 월등히 많았으며, 타 정미성분과도 함량을 비교해 볼 때 바지락 조미소재의 주된 정미성분일 것으로 추정되었다. 무기이온으로서 P, Na, K 및 Cl의 함량이 많았으며, 열수나 가압추출 조미소재에 비해 효소분해 조미소재 쪽이 함량이 훨씬 많았다. To develop natural flavoring substances, optimal two stage enzyme hydrolysis conditions and flavour compounds for short-neck clam enzyme hydrolysates were examined. The optimal enzyme hydrolysis conditions for two stage enzyme hydrolysate(TSEH) of short-neck clam were revealed in temperature at 55℃ for 4 hours digestion with alcalase at the 1st stage and 4 hours digestion at 45℃ with exopeptidase type neutrase at the 2nd stage. From the results in quality tests of hot-water extracts, steam extracts and 4 kinds of enzyme hydrolysates, TSEH processing method was superior to other methods on the aspects of yield, nitrogen contents, taste such as umami intensity and inhibition of off-flavor formation, and transparency of extract. And the flavor constituents and functionality of short-neck clam were also examined as affected by two stage enzyme hydrolysis. Total free amino acid contents in hot-water extract steam extract and TSEH of short-neck clam were 1,352.1 mg%, 1,174.1 mg% and 2,122.4 mg%, respectively. Major free amino acids in TSEH were glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, arginine. As for nucleotides and other bases, betaine, TMAO and creatinine were principal components in TSEH. And the major inorganic ions in TSEH were Na, K, p and Cl

공동주택의 노후요인 및 수선주기 분석 : 건축물 내·외부를 중심으로 Mater of importance a exterior and interior at the Apartments

문종욱,문정민 진주여자전문대학 1998 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

Since the 1970's, a lot if housing have been constructed to solve the shortage of housing in urban area. Among them, the multi-family housing has located as major housing type in urban area with recently two million housing construction. In 1993, the total number of housing construction was about 690 thousand, among which positioned in 77% of apartment and 31% of detached-housing. Though this policy resulted from housing policy focused on construction & supply, the aspect of maintenance of building has not concerned. In the end, the housing policy which was focused on construction resulted in inefficient living of low housing condition. Therefore, we should take a policy to use the housing resources efficiently with the systematic maintenance. This require to correct the maintenance concerned law, code, maintenance repair technique. With the recurring development of housing construction technique and new material and etc., the maintenance methods should be systematized. For this, it analyzed the deterioration factor and compared our preparations with the foreign code about repair cost, cycle, repair time, repair ratio. This study will use as basic data to set the repair criteria of multi-family housing. These results of this study will provide the systematic and technique preparations, analyzing the factors of building deterioration. And this study will enlarge the life of building and to live the higher housing condition and use the building resources efficiently.

MRAC를 이용한 2 자유도 구륜 이동로보트의 경로추적

문종우,김원규,박종국 경희대학교 자연과학종합연구원 1997 자연과학논문집 Vol.3 No.-

본 논문은 2 자유도 구륜 이동로보트의 기구학 모델과 기준모델 적응제어기 설계를 다루었다. 구륜 속도와 본체 속도를 계산하기 위하여 정기구학(forward kinematics)과 역기구학(inverse kinematics)를 유도하였으며, 제어변수의 수와 제어입력의 수가 동일하게 되도록 제어변수를 극좌표로 변환하였다. 구륜 이동로보트의 경로추적을 위한 제어기를 제안하였으며, 제어기 매개변수는 기준모델 적응제어(reference-model adaptive control, MRAC)에 기초한 적응법칙(adaptation law)에 의해 매 단계마다 갱신된다. 설계된 적응제어기를 분석하고, 제어 시스템의 안정성과 수렴성을 증명한다. 제어시스템의 유효성을 입증하기위해 모의실험을 수행하고, 그 결과를 제시한다. This paper presents the kinematic model and the design of a model-reference adaptive controller for wheeled-mobile robots(WMRs) with 2 d.0.f. We derive the forward kinematics and the inverse kinematics to calculate the wheel-velocity and body-velocity. The controlled variables are represented in the polar coordinate so that the number of the controlled variable can be reduced to the same number as the control input. A controller is proposed for path tracking, and then controller parameters are modified by adaptation law based on reference-model adaptive control(MRAC) each step. The adaptive controller is analyzed, and its stability and convergence are proved. Simulation is conducted to prove efficiency of the control system and the results are showed.