업종에 따른 연 취급 사업장의 기중 연 농도 및 연 노출 수준 평가

이병국,김용배,리갑수,안현철,김화성,이용진,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

In order to obtain an useful information for health management and biological monitoring of lead exposed workers, Authors tried to investigate air lead level and the lead exposed level of workers in lead industry according to occupational category. The subjects in our study were 2074 workers in 7 lead-using industries, and study subjects were divided into 4 occupational categories such as storage battery industry (type 1), primary smelting industry (type 2), secondary smelting industry (type 3) and litharge making industry (type 4). Blood zincprotoporphyrin concentration (ZPP), blood lead concentration (PbB) and urinary δ -aminolevulinic acid (ALAU), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) were selected as the indices of lead exposure. Personal variables such as age, work duration were also collected. The results were as follows. 1. The geometric mean air lead in 9 lead-using industry was 0.1133±4.3120 ㎎/㎥, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 0.1038±3.4952 ㎎/㎥, 0.0429±3.4329 ㎎/㎥, 0.1877±2.5123 ㎎/㎥ and 0.9961±5.2910 ㎎/㎥, respectively. 2. The mean ZPP in 9 lead-using industry was 53.1±28.0 ㎍/㎗, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 52.0±24.8 ㎍/㎗, 48.0±16.4 ㎍/㎗, 109.8±85.6 ㎍/㎗ and 74.3±37.8 ㎍/㎗, respectively. There was significant difference in ZPP according to occupational category (P<0.01). The percents of lead workers whose ZPP were above 100 ㎍/㎗ in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 4.0%, 1.7%, 34.3% and 21.6%, respectively. 3. The mean PbB in lead-using industry was 26.0±11.2 ㎍/㎗, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 25.3±11.1 ㎍/㎗, 26.7±8.8 ㎍/㎗, 50.3±15.2 ㎍/㎗ and 36.4±11.0 ㎍/㎗, respectively. There was significant difference in PbB according to occupational category (P<0.01). The percents of lead workers whose PbB were above 40 ㎍/㎗ in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 10.4%, 7.7% 71.9% and 43.2%, respectively. 4. While the correlation of Hb corrected PbB with ZPP was higher than non corrected PbB, the correlation of log-transformed ZPP with PbB was higher than non corrected ZPP. 5. Simple linear regressions of PbB and corrected PbB as independent variable with ZPP, log-transformed ZPP and ALAU as dependent variable were statistically significant (P0.01). Coefficient of determination of corrected PbB with other variables was higher than non corrected PbB. As the result of this study, it was suggested that reconsideration of environmental and biological monitoring program was highly recommended for secondary smelting and litharge making industry.

Light-extraction efficiency control in AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet flip-chip light-emitting diodes: a comparison to InGaN-based visible flip-chip light-emitting diodes.

Lee, Keon Hwa,Park, Hyun Jung,Kim, Seung Hwan,Asadirad, Mojtaba,Moon, Yong-Tae,Kwak, Joon Seop,Ryou, Jae-Hyun Optical Society of America 2015 Optics express Vol.23 No.16

<P>We study light-extraction efficiency (LEE) of AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) using flip-chip (FC) devices with varied thickness in remaining sapphire substrate by experimental output power measurement and computational methods using 3-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) and Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations. Light-output power of DUV-FCLEDs compared at a current of 20 mA increases with thicker sapphire, showing higher LEE for an LED with 250-관m-thick sapphire by ~39% than that with 100-관m-thick sapphire. In contrast, LEEs of visible FCLEDs show only marginal improvement with increasing sapphire thickness, that is, ~6% improvement for an LED with 250-관m-thick sapphire. 3D-FDTD simulation reveals a mechanism of enhanced light extraction with various sidewall roughness and thickness in sapphire substrates. Ray tracing simulation examines the light propagation behavior of DUV-FCLED structures. The enhanced output power and higher LEE strongly depends on the sidewall roughness of the sapphire substrate rather than thickness itself. The thickness starts playing a role only when the sapphire sidewalls become rough. The roughened surface of sapphire sidewall during chip-separation process is critical for TM-polarized photons from AlGaN quantum wells to escape in lateral directions before they are absorbed by p-GaN and Au-metal. Furthermore, the ray tracing results show a reasonably good agreement with the experimental result of the LEE.</P>

최신토지피복자료를 이용한 대구시의 열환경 수치모의

이현주(Hyun-Ju Lee),이귀옥(Kwi Ok Lee1),원경미(Gyeong Mee Won),이화운(Hwa Woon Lee) 한국대기환경학회 2009 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Plant regeneration from callus of Iris odaesanensis Y. N. Lee native to Korea via organogenesis

Bae, Kee-Hwa,Yoo, Kyoung-Hwa,Lee, Mi-Hyun,Jeong, Jae-Hun,Choi, Yong-Eui,Yoon, Eui-Soo The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2013 식물생명공학회지 Vol.40 No.3

Iris odaesanensis Y. N. Lee. is an important endangered and native plant belonging to the family Iridaceae in Korea. This study describes a method for rapid micropropagation of this species via from leaf, rhizome and root explants derived calli. Leaf, rhizome and root explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) for callus induction. Rhizome explants yielded calli at a frequency of 72% when cultured at 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D. Calli were maintained at 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D. These calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D in combination with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/l BA for adventitious shoot induction. The highest number of adventitious shoot (228.9 per petri-dish) were formed at 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/l BA. WPM medium was the best to convert calli into plantlets, where up to 98.2% of calli were regenerated into plantlets. This in vitro propagation protocol should be useful for conservation of this endangered plant.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

SED유출모델의 미계측유역에의 적용

이영화,조현경 慶山大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.15 No.1

An objective for this study is to apply a SED runoff model and identify its applicability in a ungauged watershed. Since there is no observation value, Tank model is used as a comparison subject which its applicability has been identified. We obtained the parameters of the models by the trial and error method. The SED runoff model predicted a runoff from Banbyun-chun watershed in Nakdong river basin. Although the peak flow of SED model was a bit less than the one of Tank model, the hydrographs of SED model and Tank model were showed a similar shape. Accordingly, the SED model shows a good applicability in ungaugred watershed.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus를 동반한 Multiple sclerosis

이지현,이기주,윤성호,부귀범,손현화,박유환,정춘해,김진호,정원영 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.2

Multiple sclerosis and lupus erythematosus are chronic, potentially disabling diseases of unknown cause. It is a rare occasion that the finding of both diseases occurs in one patient. Because both diseases may affect the central nervous system, it may be difficult at times to differentiate symptoms of lupus erythematosus from those of multiple sclerosis. As far as we know, there was no case report of SLE in multilple sclerosis in Korea. We report a case of multiple sclerosis accompanied by SLE.

계면활성제의 토양흡착에 대한 특성

신현무, 이상화 경성대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏報 Vol.10 No.1

Surfactant washing process being operated in ex-situ mode could be appropriate one of the most effective remediation alternatives for NAPLs(non-aqueous phase liquids) in soil. The adsorption of sufactants has been concern of the reduction of expenditure and the increase of efficiency. Through the result of estimating the extent of adsorption of surfactants to soils, notion sufactants showed higher adsorption to soils than anion surfactants. From the results of evaluating which model could explain the surfactant adsorption to soils, it was determined that anionic surfactants were described well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, while nonionic surfactants were with Freundlich model.

복잡한 해안지역의 지역특성을 고려한 대기 유동장에 따른 SO₂의 확산장 수치모의

이화운,원혜영,최현정,이강열,김현구 한국환경과학회 2005 한국환경과학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Recently air quality modeling studies for industrial complex and large cities located in the coastal regions have been carried out. Especially, the representation of atmospheric flow fields within a model domain is very important, because an adequate air quality simulation requires an accurate portrayal of the realistic three-dimensional wind fields. Therefore this study investigated effect of using high resolution terrain height data and FDDA with observational data to reflect local characteristics in numerical simulation. So the experiments were designed according to FDDA and the detail terrain height with 3sec resolution or not. Case 30s was the experiment using the terrain height data of USGS without FDDA and Case 3s was the experiment using the detail terrain height data of Ministry of Environment without FDDA and Case 3sF was experiment using the detail terrain height data of Ministry of Environment with FDDA. The results of experiments were more remarkable. In Case 3s and Case 3sF, temperature indicated similar tendency comparing to observational data predicting maximum temperature during the daytime and wind speed made weakly for difference of terrain height. Also Case 3sF had more adequate tendency than Case 3s at dawn.

대기오염 확산 해석을 위한 포항지역 기상장 연구 : 바람장 수치모의 Numerical Simulation of Wind Field

이화운,정우식,김현구,이순환 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Sea/land circulation system is a representative mesoscale local circulation system in coastal area. In this study, wind fields around coastal area, Pohang, which is affected by this system was investigated and its detailed characteristic analysis was carried out. The following can be found out from the numerical simulation. Generally, at nighttime mountain winds prevail and land breeze toward the coastal area was well simulated. During daytime, valley wind and sea breeze was simulated in detail. Especially, as a result of analyzing the land breeze path, it could be found along the coastline as it flows out through low land coastal area. In order to investigate the accuracy of model results, wind speed, temperature and wind direction of continuous typical sea/land breeze occurrence day was compared with observation data. Analyzing the characteristics of local circulation system was very hard because of horizontally sparse observation data but from the above result, a numerical simulation using RAMS, which satisfies the spatial high resolution, will provide more accurate results.