의사들의 호스피스 관리에 대한 임상적인 접근

손현화,유기동,서영선,김태균,김양수,정재용,박유환,정춘해,홍승민,전제열,이상운 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1999 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.24 No.2

Background: Cancer has become the major cause of death in Korea. Doctors who treat terminal cancer come across problems which are too difficult to solve. These problems are related with religious, moral and legal problems. These problems are easy death, patients' or family' s refuse of treatment, practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) in terminal cancer, definition of death and so forth. In Korea, studies related with terminal cancer patients and the doctors who treat them are very rare and the hospice system for terminal cancer patients is not organized yet. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the opinions of doctors who treat terminal cancer about these problems. Materials ðod: This study was performed on 90 doctors working at Chosun university hospital, who are divided in to three parts as staff, residents and interns. We used questionares related with the above problems, composed of 19 items and six general characteristics. We could confirm 75 questionaires. Results &onclusion: For the question "ve terminal cancer patients was announced their diagnosis and prognosis?"hat was most important to doctors was patients' opinions and the second was their family' s. For the question "eatment which could prolong the life of terminal cancer patients who are unnconscious is performed?"doctors showed a negative opinion. About the easy death of terminal cancer patients, more than half the doctors showed agreement. The prohibition of CPR in terminal cancer patients was agreed by 40%. For the question about the definition of death in terminal cancer patients 76.1% doctors agreed it was brain death. 85.7% subjects answered that they felt moral enmity in treatment of terminal cancer patients. In Korea, the programs for these problems are very poor, and the results of this study can affect the formation of systems and laws about the terminal cancer patients and the doctor's treatment. National support for terminal cancer patients and the hospice care system is required.

라벤더 정유의 기체크로마토그래피 분석표

손현화,전명숙,이동선 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2011 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.23 No.-

In this study, gas chromatographic profiles of total 15 lavender or lavandin essential oils were evaluated and compared. Linalyl acetate and linalool were major components, ocimene, terpinene-4-ol and lavandulyl acetate were minor, and octanone, limonene, phellandrene, cineol, camphor, lavandulol and terpineol were also detected. Lavandin essential oils showed significantly higher levels of linalyl acetate, linalool and camphor than lavender essential oils. Some essential oils showed poor quality. Key words:lavender, lavandin, gas chromatographic profiles, essential oils, aroma.

염소계 난연제 Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate 분석용 ABS 상용표준물질 개발

손현화,이진숙,차진선 한국분석과학회 2021 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)는 플라스틱과 같은 가연성 소제에 첨가되는 대표적인 염소계 난연제로 브롬계 난연제가 유해물질로 규제되면서 그 대체제로 사용량이 계속 증가하고 있다. 그러나 생식 독성과 같은 인체 유해성이 보고되면서 유럽에서는 2010년부터 TCEP를 REACH(Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of CHemicals) SVHC(Substance of Very High Concern) 물질로 지정하여 규제하고 있다. 또한 전기전자제품의 유해물질 시험방법 국제표준화 작업반(IEC/TC 111/WG 3)에서 표준 개발이 가장 시급한 유기성 유해물질로 선정되어 현재 국제표준화가 진행 중이며 향후 규제가 강화될 전망이다. 국내외 관련 기업들이 환경규제에 선제적으로 대응하기 위해서는 표준물질 사용을 통한 신뢰성 높은 유해물질 평가가 요구된다. 그러나 현재 TCEP 분석용 표준물질은 국내외 전무한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전자재료용 고분자 소재로 널리 사용되고 있는 ABS를 매질로 하여 TCEP 분석용 상용표준물질 2종(고농도, 저농도)을 개발하였다. 제조한 표준물질은 TCEP-d12 동위원소를 이용하여 동위원소희석질량분석법으로 고농도 표준물질의 경우 (779 ± 55)mg/kg, 저농도 표준물질의 경우 (107 ± 8) mg/kg으로 TCEP의 특성값을 부여하였다 (신뢰수준 95 %, k = 2). 또한 등간격샘플링을 통해 균질성을 평가한 결과 상대표준편차 3 % 이하로 균질함을 확인하였으며, 고온 (70 ℃), 저온 (-20 ℃)에서의 운송 안정성과 6개월간 장기 안정성을 평가하여 회귀분석법으로 경향성을 확인한 결과 유효기간 내에 안정함을 확인하였다.

장미 정유의 기체 크로마토그래피 분석표

손현화(Hyun-Hwa Son),이동선(Dong-Sun Lee) 한국분석과학회 2012 분석과학 Vol.25 No.4

`스크롤`의 미디어, 웹툰의 스토리텔링 특성 연구

손현화(Sown, Hyun Hwa),전승규(Jeon, Seung Kyu) 한국디자인학회 2015 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

The webtoon can be considered the medium of ‘scroll’, whose impact has rapidly grown along with the spread of smartphones and tablets. The webtoon is fundamentally different from any other existing storytelling media, as it exclusively involves scrolling down of a web page on a smart device. This study aims to identify storytelling characteristics of the webtoon by comparing it to other more traditional storytelling media, the comic book and film. Currently, the webtoon is the only storytelling medium that allows infinite canvas. It furthermore enables the author to utilise the auditory and tactile sense in addition to the visual sense. The webtoon is still at its infancy, and its full potential has yet been realised.

시료상층부 원판 형태 단일 다공성 물질을 이용한 바닐라 향수의 휘발성 아로마 성분 추출 분석

손현화(Hyun-Hwa Son),이동선(Dong-Sun Lee) 한국분석과학회 2011 분석과학 Vol.24 No.6

Graded 다층박막거울을 이용한 단색 엑스선 획득

유철우,최병정,손현화,권영만,김병욱,김영주,천권수 한국방사선학회 2015 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.9 No.4

최근 의료영상기술에서 유방암 엑스선 진단기술의 주요 이슈는 정확한 조기암 진단과 환자의 피폭선량의 감소에 있다. 엑스선 영상대비도를 높이고 피폭선량을 줄이는 기술 중 하나로써 다층박막거울을 이용한 단색 엑스선을 획득하는 연구가 선행되어 왔다. 그러나 기존의 Uniform 다층박막거울은 거울면의 일부 반사영역에서만 원하는 파장대역의 단색 엑스선을 얻을 수 있어서 엑스선 영상기술 응용에 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 다층박막거울의 전 영역에 걸쳐 동일한 단색엑스선을 얻기 위해 거울에 입사하는 백색 엑스선의 입사각에 상응하는 선형적 기울기의 박막두께를 갖는 Graded 다층박막거울을 설계하였고, 기존 이온빔 스퍼터링 장치에 마스크 제어 장치를 추가 제작하여 100×100mm2 크기로 제작하였다. 제작된 Graded 다층박막거울은 17.5keV의 단색엑스선을 획득할 수 있도록 설계하였으며 박막두께주기는 2.88nm~4.62nm(Center 3.87nm)이다. 엑스선 반사율은 60% 이상이며, 단색 엑스선의 FWHM은 1.4keV 이하이고 엑스선 빔 폭은 3mm정도이다. 유방촬영에 적합한 몰리브덴 특성엑스선에 해당하는 17.5keV의 단색 엑스선을 얻음으로써 저선량·고감도 유방암 진단장치 개발에 응용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. At a recent medical imaging technology, the major issue of X-ray diagnosis in breast cancer is the early detection of breast cancer and low patient's exposure dose. As one of studies to acquire a monochromatic X-ray, Technologies using multilayer mirror had been preceded. However, a uniform multilayer mirror that consists of uniform thin-film thickness can acquire a monochromatic X-ray only in the partial area corresponds to angle of incidence of white X-ray, so there are limits for X-ray imaging technology applications. In this study, we designed laterally graded multilayer mirror(below GML) that reflects same monochromatic X-ray over the entire area of thin-film mirror, which have the the thickness of the linear gradient that correspond to angle of incidence of white X-ray. By using ion-beam sputtering system added the mask control system we fabricated a GML which has size of 100×100mm2. The GML is designed to achieve the monochromatic X-ray of 17.5kev energy and has thin-film thickness change from 4.62nm to 6.57nm(3.87nm at center). It reflects the monochromatic X-ray with reflectivity of more than 60 percent, FWHM of below 2.6keV and X-ray beam width of about 3mm. The monochromatic X-ray corresponded to 17.5keV using GML would have wide application in development of mammography system with high contrast and low dose.

CdTe 멀티에너지 엑스선 영상센서 패키징 기술 개발

권영만,김영조,유철우,손현화,김병욱,김영주,최병정,이영춘 한국방사선학회 2014 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.7

CdTe 멀티에너지 X선 영상센서와 ROIC를 패키징 하기 위한 flip chip bump bonding, Au wire bonding 및 encapsulation 공정조건을 개발하였으며 성공적으로 모듈화 하였다. 최적 flip chip bonding 공정 조건은 접합온도 CdTe 센서 150℃, ROIC 270℃, 접합압력 24.5N, 접합시간 30s일 때이다. ROIC에 형성된 SnAg bump의 bonding이 용이하도록 CdTe 센서에 비하여 상대적으로 높은 접합온도를 설정하였으며, CdTe센서가 실리콘 센서에 비하여 쉽게 파손되는 것을 고려하여 접합압력을 최소화하였다. 패키징 완료된 CdTe 멀티에너지 X선 모듈의 각각 픽셀들은 단락이나 합선 등의 전기적인 문제점이 없는 것을 X선 3D computed tomography를 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 Flip chip bump bonding후 전단력은 2.45kgf/mm2 로 측정되었으며, 이는 기준치인 2kgf/mm2 이상으로 충분한 접합강도를 가짐을 확인하였다. The process of flip-chip bump bonding, Au wire bonding and encapsulation were sucessfully developed and modularized. The CdTe sensor and ROIC were optimally jointed together at 150℃ and 270℃ respectively under24.5 N for 30s. To make SnAg bump on ROIC easy to be bonded, the higher bonding temperature was established than CdTe sensor's. In addition, the bonding pressure was lowered minimally because CdTe Sensor is easier to break than Si Sensor. CdTe multi-energy sensor module observed were no electrical failures in the joints using developed flip chip bump bonding and Au wire bonding process. As a result of measurement, shearing force was 2.45kgf/mm2 and, it is enough bonding force against threshold force, 2kgf/mm2s.

Use of Polyacrylic Acid and Polydimethylsiloxane Mixture for In-Needle Microextraction of Volatile Aroma Compounds in Essential Oils

전혜림,손현화,배선영,이동선 대한화학회 2015 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.36 No.11

A prototype stainless steel needle (Hamilton 90022, 22 gauge, 718 µm o.d., 413 µm i.d., 51 mm length, bevel tip) packed with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mixture (7:3 ratio) having a micro-bore tunnel (290 µm i.d., ca. 61.5 µm thickness, 10 mm length) was newly prepared as a device of headspace in-needle microextraction (HS-INME). Design of the needle, optimization of adsorption, desorption parameters, and validation of analytical methods were conducted to evaluate the HS-INME efficiency for volatile organic compounds. The optimized adsorption conditions were 60 °C for 20 min and desorption conditions were 240 °C for 2 min. The calibration curves showed good linearity with the squared correlation coefficient value (r2) over 0.99. The limit of detection for linalool, (+)-limonene, and eugenol were 13.5, 10.9, and 9.1 ng while limit of quantification were 45.1, 36.4, and 30.5 ng, respectively. The recovery results showed the acceptable range between 95.6 and 115.3%. The relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-assay showed the values less than 10%. It was applied to analyze seven essential oils for polar and nonpolar volatile aroma compounds successfully. From the results obtained in this study, HS-INME was advantageous to low cost due to ease of fabrication, reuse without loss of absorbent or reduction of extraction efficiency, and no use of solvent. In conclusion, a needle packed with PAA and PDMS mixture having a micro-bore tunnel is a new development of INME that may complement the shortcomings of the current headspace extraction methods.

마스크 제어를 이용한 선형적인 두께 기울기를 갖는 다층박막거울 제작

최병정,손현화,권영만,김병욱,김영주,유철우 한국진공학회 2015 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2015 No.2