NiTi scissors-bite corrector의 와이어 굵기에 따른 3차원적 치아 이동 양상

전현주,박선형,정상혁,전윤식 대한치과교정학회 2009 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference in three dimensional tooth movement using three different wire sizes (0.018 × 0.025-in, 0.016 × 0.022-in, 0.016-in) on a NiTi scissors-bite corrector. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) images of the experimental model before and after tooth movement were taken and reconstructed into three dimensional models for superimposition. The direction and the amount of tooth movement were measured and analyzed statistically. Results: The lingual and intrusive movements of the crown of the maxillary second molar were increased as the size of the NiTi wire increased. The roots of the maxillary second molars moved buccally except for the 0.016-in group. The intrusive movement of the roots of the maxillary second molars was increased as the size of the NiTi wire increased. Due to the use of orthodontic mini-implants, anchorage loss was under 0.2 mm on average. Conclusions: The 0.018 × 0.025-in NiTi wire was most effective in lingual and intrusive movement of the maxillary second molar which was in scissors-bite position. Indirect skeletal anchorage with a single orthodontic mini-implant was rigid enough to prevent anchorage loss. 본 연구에서는 NiTi scissors-bite corrector를 세 가지 서로 다른 굵기 0.018" × 0.025", 0.016" × 0.022", 0.016" 의 NiTi 와이어로 제작하였을 때 각각의 치아 이동 양상을 치아 이동 시뮬레이션 장치인 Calorific machine을 이용하여 3차원적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 가위교합에 이환된 상악 제2대구치 모형을 제작하고 제2소구치와 제1대구치 사이에 교정용 미니 임플랜트(orthodontic mini-implant)를 식립하여 제1대구치에 간접골성고정원을 설계하였다. 세 가지 굵기의 NiTi scissors-bite corrector를 부착하여 실험하였다. 치아의 이동 전후에 실험 모형은 computed tomography (CT)로 촬영하고 3차원 데이터로 변환하여 중첩하였다. 치아 이동 방향과 이동량을 계측하여, NiTi scissors-bite corrector 와이어 굵기에 따른 치아 이동 양상에 관한 통계적 유의성을 검정한 결과, 제2대구치 치관의 설측 이동량은 0.018" × 0.025"군(2.65 mm)이 가장 많았으며, 0.016"군(1.96 mm)과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05). 제2대구치 치관의 압하량은 0.018" × 0.025"군(2.35 mm), 0.016" × 0.022"군(1.18 mm), 0.016"군(1.00 mm)으로 0.018" × 0.025"군이 나머지 두 군과 유의한 차이를 보였고 (p < 0.05), 치근의 압하량은 0.018" × 0.025"군(4.19 mm), 0.016" × 0.022"군(3.29 mm), 0.016"군(2.24 mm)으로 세 군 간 모두 통계적 유의차를 보였다 (p < 0.05). 치아의 이동 양상을 관찰한 결과, 0.016"군에서는 제2대구치 치근의 협측 이동이 나타나지 않았다. 간접골성고정원으로 사용된 제1대구치의 고정원 소실은 0.2 mm 이하로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 0.018" × 0.025" NiTi 와이어로 제작한 NiTi scissors-bite corrector를 교정용 미니 임플랜트를 이용한 간접골성고정원과 함께 이용하였을때, 최소한의 고정원의 소실과 함께 가장 큰 상악 제2대구치의 설측 이동 및 압하가 일어났다고 할 수 있다.

정부용 IC 카드 공통 발급 모형 연구

전문선,윤현정,이기한 서울여자대학교 컴퓨터과학연구소 2006 정보기술논문지 Vol.4 No.-

A government agency has used a card for various means such as confirming an identification, levying a public transportation and etc.. Recently those cards are gradually replaced by a form of an IC card in several years. This study proposes the integrated issuing system model of various government agency's IC cards. First, the integrated issuing system model has a center-controlling (central controlling) system which has all personal information and manages it. The second model is the central integrated issuing system which is basically similar to the integrated issuing system, but specifically, the former system strengthens the secunty by introducing the digital signature and the cryptographic communication. The third model is the link issuing system. This system is one that the government agency has the authorization of handling specific personal information and the information related to service functions, and the managing center merely supports the basic index file and links the other agency to the personal information in a case if requested. And the last model is the link control issuing system one which is similar to the link issuing system one, but specifically, it strengthens the security by introducing the digital signature and the cryptographic communication. 최근 정부에서는 교통카드 등과 같은 카드를 점차적으로 IC 카드로 대체하고 있다. 이 논문은 각종 정부 기관의 IC 카드의 통합 발행 시스템 모델을 제시한다. 통합체계형 발급 모델은 중앙 센터에서 개인정보와 관리를 하는 중앙 제어 형식이다. 중앙통합형 발급 모델은 통합체계형 발급 모델과 비슷하지만 개인정보를 전자서명과 암호화한 후에 정보통합 서버에 전송된다. 세 번째 모델은 연계체계형 발급모델로 중앙의 연계센터를 통하여 모든 정부기관이 개인정보를 공유하는 시스템이다. 마지막 모델인 연계통제형 발급모델은 연계체계형의 단점을 보완한 개념으로 개인정보를 전자서명과 암호화 후에 요청한 기관에게 전달하는 개념으로 사용자의 개인정보는 각각의 기관에서 관리하는 구조를 갖는다.

자살기도자의 임상적 특성

전현수,손명세,한선호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1988 신경정신의학 Vol.27 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical meanings and the various factors associated with the patients who attempted suicides. The study subjects were 59 patients who made suicidal attempt(18 males and 41 females) and were treated in the neuropsychiatric department of Soonchunhyang University Hospital from Jan. 1979 to May 1986. From the analysis of the medical records of the patients, the following results were obtained. 1) The male ; female sex ratio of the patients was 1 : 2.3. 2) 50.9% of the patients were in the age group of 20-29. In the male patients, the age group of 16-19 was the most prevalent, whereas in the female patients, the age group of 20-29 was the most prevalent. 3) 54.2% of them were in the middle class of socioeconomic level and 86.4% of the patient had more than high school education. 4) In terms of occupation, 37.2% of the patients were unemployed, 25.4%, students, 15.3%, housewives, 6.8%, salary men, and 5.1%, business men. 5) The marital status ; 61.0% of the patients were singles, 25.4%, married 5.1%, separated, 5.1%, widowed, and 3.4%, divorced. 6) The sibling orders : 44.1% of them were the middle children, 28.8%, the first children and 27.1%, the last. 7) Previons suicidal attempt : 74.5% of the patients made no previous attempt, 11.9%, once before, 8.55, two times, 5.1%, 3 times or more. 8) 72.8% of the patients attempted suicide in their own home. 9) As method of suicidal attemps, 74.5% of the used drugs. 54.1% used tranquilizers alone, 6.8%, tranquilizers and alcohols, 5.1%, rat poisons and tranquilizers, and 1.7%, insect killers. 10) The motives of suicidal attempt : 44.0% of the patients had a conflict with lovers or spouses, 22.0%, mental disorders, and15.3, family discord. Job and business problems were the cause exclusively for male patients whereas pessimism and debt were limited to the female patients. 11) The distribution of psychiatric diagnosis : 30.5% of the patients had adjustment disorders, 8.5%, schizophrenia, 6.8%, major depression, 5.1%, bipolar disorders, depressed, and 1.7%, alcoholic hallucinosis. In the male patients, the order of diagnostic distribution was as follows, personality disorders(10.1%), adjustment disorders with depressed mood(5.1%), schizophrenias (5.1%), whereas in the female patients, adjustment disorders with depressed mood was followed by personality disorders (17.0) and dysthymic disorders (15.2%). 12) The mode of hospitalization : 45.7% of the patients were transferred from other departments, 39.0% of them were hospitalized via emergency room, and 15.3%, via out-patient department. Internal medicine department was the most common route of transfer.

임플란트의 collar design이 변연골과 연조직에 미치는 영향

유현상,강선녀,정창모,윤미정,허중보,전영찬 대한치과보철학회 2012 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.50 No.1

연구 목적: 임플란트 경부가 잘 설계된 경우 양호한 연조직 반응을 통해 변연골을 보존하는데 도움이 된다. 본 실험에서는 연, 경조직 경계부에 가장 가까이 위치하는 임플란트의 collar design이 변연골 변화와 연조직 반응에 미치는 영향을 동물실험을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 2마리의 건강한 Beagle dog에 임플란트 collar design만 다른 두 종류의 임플란트(Neobiotech Co. Seoul, Korea)를 식립하였다. Collar에 bevel 을 부여한 군(Bevel 군)과 "S"자 형태를 부여한 군(Bioseal 군)으로 나누어 마리 당 7개, 군당 7개, 총 14개의 임플란트를 무작위로 식립한 후 Healing abutment를 즉시 체결하였다. 디지털 표준구내 방사선사진을 이용해 4주 간격으로 총 12주간 근원심 변연골 변화를 관찰하였고, 12주에 희생하여 조직학적 분석을 통해 협설 변연골 흡수 및 임플란트 주변 연조직 반응을 평가하였다. Mann-Whitney test를 통해 동일한 방사선 사진 촬영 시점에서 근원심 변연골 변화량 및 조직계측치를 군 간 비교하였고, Kruskal-Wallis test를 통해 방사선 사진상 근원심 변연골 변화량이 시간에 따른 차이가 있는지 군 내 분석 한 후 Duncan test를 통해 사후 검증하였다(α=.05). 결과: 방사선학적 분석 결과 각 촬영 시점에서 두 군간 근원심 변연골 변화량의 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>.05). 군 내에서 시간에 따른 근원심 변연골의 흡수량을 분석한 결과 Bevel 군에서는 시간에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았으나 (P>.05), Bioseal 군에서는 시간에 따른 차이를 보였으며, 4주및8주와 비교했을 때 12주에서 변연골의 증가를 보였다(P<.05). 조직학적 분석 결과 협설측 변연골 흡수량에서 두 군간 차이를 보이지 않았으나 (P>.05), Bevel 군에 비해 Bioseal 군에서 더 견고한 결합조직부착을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 생물학적 폭경의 값은 두 집단 간 차이를 보이지 않은 반면에 (P>.05), 접합상피부착은 Bevel 군에서 유의하게 길었고, 결합조직부착은 Bioseal 군에서 더 길게 나타났다(P<.05). 결론: Bevel 군에 비해 Bioseal 군에서 결합조직부착은 길게 형성된 반면에 접합상피부착은 더 짧게 나타났으며, 생물학적 폭경과 초기 변연골 흡수에는 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 연조직 반응의 차이가 실제 기능하중 하에서 변연골 변화에 미치는 영향에 대해서 향후 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of implant collar design on marginal bone change and soft tissue response by an animal test. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two types of Implant (Neobiotech Co. Seoul, Korea) that only differs in collar design were planted on two healthy Beagle dogs. The implants were divided into two groups, the first group with a beveled collar (Bevel Group) and the second group with "S" shaped collar (Bioseal group). Standardized intraoral radiographs were used to investigate the mesio-distal change of the marginal bone. Histological analysis was done to evaluate the bucco-lingual marginal bone resorption and the soft tissue response adjacent to the implant. Mann-Whitney test was done to compare the mesio-distal marginal bone change at equivalent time for taking the radiographs and the tissue measurements between the groups. RESULTS. Radiographic and histological analysis showed that there was no difference in marginal bone change between the two groups (P>.05). Histological analysis showed Bioseal group had more rigid connective tissue attachment than the Bevel group. There was no difference in biological width (P>.05). Bevel group showed significantly longer junctional epithelium attachment and Bioseal group showed longer connective tissue attachment (P<.05). CONCLUSION. For three months there were no differences in marginal bone change between the Bevel group and the Bioseal group. As for the soft tissue adjacent to the implant, Bioseal group showed longer connective tissue attachment while showing shorter junctional epithelium attachment. There were no differences in biologic width.

정신분열증 환자의 신체증상과 인구통계학적, 임상인자들과의 관련성

윤정흠,김선경,전현태,이귀행 원광대학교 의과학연구소 2009 圓光醫科學 Vol.24 No.1

배경 : 이 연구의 목적은 정신분열병 환자의 신체증상과 인구통계학적, 임상인자들과의 관련성을 알아보기 위함이다. 방법 : 연구 대상군은 입원중인 63명의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 신체 증상의 정도는 한국어판 신체증상목록을 사용하여 측정하였다. SPSS 11.5를 이용하여 신체증상의 정도와 우울, 불안, 교육정도, 적응상태와의 관계를 피어슨 상관분석을 통하여 평가하였다. 결과 : 1) 신체증상의 정도는 교육기간과 입원 당시의 적응 상태와는 부적 상관을 보였다(p<0.05). 2) 신체증상의 정도는 우울, 불안과는 정적 상관을 보였다(p<0.05). 3) 정신분열병 환자의 신체 증상의 빈도는 다음 순이었다: 두통, 피로, 수면장애, 건강염려, 현기증, 오심, 위장장애, 근력 약화, 허리나 등의 통증, 복부의 가스. 결론 : 정신분열병의 신체증상의 정도는 교육기간이 길고 입원 당시의 적응상태가 좋을수록 감소하였다. 그리고 신체 증상은 우울, 불안의 증상이 심할수록 증가하였고, 이는 특히 신체증상이 우울, 불안과 관련이 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Background : The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between somatic symptoms and demographic and clinical variables in schizophrenia patients. Methods : The subject were 63 schizophrenia patients ; male(n=35, mean age =39), female(n=28, mean=age 40). The degree of somatic symptoms was measured using the Korean versions of Wahler Physical Symptom Inventory(WPSI). The relationship among somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, education period and adjustment was evaluated by Pearson correlation with SPSS 11.5. Results : 1) The degree of somatic symptoms showed negative correlation with education period and current adjustment at admission(p<0.05). 2) The degree of somatic symptoms was significantly correlated with degree of the depression and the anxiety(p<0.05). 3) The frequent somatic symptoms were as follows in order : headaches, feeling tired, difficulty sleeping, poor health in general, dizzy spells, nausea, intestinal or stomach trouble, muscular weakness, backaches and excessive gas. Conclusion : The somatic symptoms of schizophrenia were decreased in the group of the long education period and the good current adjustment at admission. The more depression and anxiety were increased, the more somatic symptoms were revealed. It suggests that somatic symptoms of schizophrenia may be related to depression and anxiety.

Compass 연산자를 이용한 Edge의 방향정보 표현

이병일,최현주,최흥국,전순미 인제대학교 1998 仁濟論叢 Vol.14 No.1

에지(edge)의 검출은 영상처리를 하기 위한 전처리 단계로서 중요하고도 기초가 되는 부분이다. Compass 기울기 연산자는 방향에 따른 마스크를 사용하여 에지를 검출하여 주는데, 본 논문에서는 이러한 Compass 기울기 연산자를 이용하여 찾아지는 에지를 방향에 따라서 색상을 지정하여 표현함으로써 에지 정보의 방향성을 시 각화하도록 하였다. 예제 이미지는 임의의 타원으로 구성된 실험용 이미지와 다른 하나는 쥐와 운동 신경조직을 현미경으로 확대하여 본 이미지이다. Digital Image Processing is divided into two branches. One is Improvement of Image Information which helps human beings to understand image, and another is Image Data Analysis which helps the machine to have cognizance of image. Edge Detection is indispensable part to apply two branches, for it is basic application. Edge Detection is important and basic preprocess at Image Processing. Edge can be found by Compass operator as direction with 3×3 Masks. Compass operator has 8 element to be compared. Each has an information about direction of an edge. To visualize edge information, We propose the method of edge detection as direction showed by color. First, We had experiment on 4-Direction, then on 8-Direction. 8-Direction 8-Color method was better than 4-Direction 4-Color method, for Compass operator had 8 elements. Result Image shows the color which has direction information.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

알코올의 섭취가 흰쥐의 혈액과 간의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

이명숙,김영연,김효숙,김매하,전진순,서진숙,송선미,양영재,윤원손,이미라,이효영,정승현 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 2004 生活文化硏究 Vol.18 No.-

To investigate the effects of ethanol on the lipid metabolism in blood and liver, twenty one male Sprague Dawley rats had orally taken the 25% alcohol and 50% alcohol by 5g per Kg of weight during 3 weeks after the adjusting period. For the energy balance, 85% sucrose and 45% sucrose was added in control group and 25% alcohol group each. The weight was reduced by alcohol treatment according to the levels, otherwise the weight of liver and heart was little increased in alcohol groups rather than in control without significance. Moreover, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit were increased by alcohol treatment according to the levels without significance. Otherwise, adjusted bilirubin levels by 100g of weight was significantly increased by alcohol treatment dose dependently. Alcohol induced RBC degradation and increased circulated bilirubin because of liver damage. For blood lipid profiles, blood cholesterol was increased in 50% of alcohol group compared to that of 25% and control groups, otherwise, blood triglycerides (TG) was increased by 30% in 25% alcohol groups rather than in control but not significantly different. The hepatic lipid composition, cholesterol levels in alcohol treatment groups was lower than those in control. The hepatic TG was not influenced by alcohol treatment. The two reasons of decreasing hepatic lipids were suggested by 85% sucrose of control for energy balance more synthesized cholesterol and TG than those in 25 or 50% alcohol groups, and by cholesterol and TG could not be synthesized because of liver damage from alcohol.

Hepatoprotective Effects of Paecilomyces tenuipes Against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Toxicity in Primary Cultures of Adult Rat Hepatocytes

Sun Hee Hyun,Tae Won Jeon,Sang Kyu Lee,Chun Hwa Kim,Young Min Seo,Ju Hyun Kim,Hemin Jeong,Mi Jeong Kang,Jae Sung Lee,Tae Cheon Jeong 한국독성학회 2007 Toxicological Research Vol.23 No.2

Paecilomyces tenuipes (PT), one of the Ascomycetes family, has been used for medicinal purposes due to its broad pharmacological activities. The present study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of PT water extracts against CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. When the extract of PT was directly added into the culture medium at 1, 2, and 5 mg/ml, the extracts not only reduce the CCl₄-induced elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase, and lipid peroxide, but also protect cultured hepatocytes from CCl₄-induced reduction of reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione- S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. In addition, the effects of PT water extracts on cytochrome P450 enzymes were relatively marginal, indicating that the hepatoprotective effects of PT extract against CCl₄-induced toxicity might not be due to the inhibition of CCl₄ activation. In conclusion, the PT extracts were effective in protecting against CCl₄- induced hepatotoxicity in hepatocyte cultures, at least in part, by scavenging free radicals, and by modulating enzyme systems involved in cellular oxidative stress.

Articles : Life Science ; Hepatoprotective Effects of Paecilomyces tenuipes Against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Toxicity in Primary Cultures of Adult Rat Hepatocytes

( Sun Hee Hyun ),( Tae Won Jeon ),( Sang Kyu Lee ),( Chun Hwa Kim ),( Young Min Seo ),( Ju Hyun Kim ),( He Min Jeong ),( Mi Jeong Kang ),( Jae Sung Lee ),( Tae Cheon Jeong ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2008 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.18 No.-