Solar urticaria in Korean patients

( Sung Min Kim ),( Young Ah Cho ),( Ji Su Lee ),( Ji Youn Hong ),( Jin Hee Kim ),( Joo Ran Hong ),( Hye In Cheon ),( Yang Won Lee ),( Yong Beom Choe ),( Kyu Joong Ahn ) 대한피부과학회 2020 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.72 No.1

Background: Solar urticaria (SU) is an uncommon type of photodermatoses characterized by erythematous wheal with pruritus after sunlight exposure, which shows a female predominance. Only a few studies to analyze the clinical features of SU were reported in Asia. Objectives: We aimed to analyze the clinical and photobiological characteristics of SU in Korea. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the medical records of patients with SU who visited the department of dermatology, Konkuk university medical center from January 2005 to January 2020. Results: Of a total of 44 patients, 36 (81.8%) were male and 8 (18.2%) were female. The mean age at onset was 17.6 years (range, 5-47) and the mean threshold time was 19.7 minutes. Among 32 patients who underwent phototesting, the action spectrum most commonly implicated was ultraviolet (UV) A only in 12 (37.5%), and then visible light (415nm) only was responsible for SU in 8 (25.0%). Three patients (9.4%) were induced by both UVA and visible light (415nm). Even 4 patients (12.5%) were triggered by only natural sunlight. Serum immunoglobulin E levels were measured in 33 patients, and 17 (51.5%) showed values higher than normal. The treatment most widely used were oral antihistamine (43.2%), followed by phototherapy (13.6%). Conclusion: SU is a rare photodermatosis in Korea, which shows a male preponderance. In this study, UVA and visible light (415nm) were predominant action spectrum of SU.

자동차디자인에 있어서 새로운 형태 변화에 관한 연구 : 제3회 서울모터쇼에서 발표된 컨셉트 카를 중심으로

홍대일,김영수 한국디자인과학학회 1999 디자인과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

초기의 산업시대에는 제품의 핵심기술에 의한 차별화로 독점시장을 형성할 수 있었다 그러나 산업혁명이래 계속 되어온 대량생산 기술의 발전은 핵심기술의 독점 기간을 단축시켰다. 그리고 100여 년이 지난 현재, 전 세계적인 기술 개발 경쟁에도 불구하고 기술의 보편화와 평준화 현상으로 인해 더 이상 핵심 기술만으로 타사 제품과의 차별화가 어려워지고 있다. 이렇게 제품의 기술적 차별화가 어려워지면서 기업은 자사의 제품이 타사의 제품과 구별되어 경쟁력을 획득하기 위해 디자인, 마케팅 등에 눈을 들리게 되었다. 현재 국내외의 각 자동차 업체에서는 기존의 부류와 차별화 되는 여러 가지 다양한 형태의 디자인을 선보이고 있다. 과학기술의 진보와 맞물린 인간의 삶의 풍요로움을 보다 독특하고 개성있는 자동차디자인의 변화를 가져다 주었고, 이재는 운송수단 자체만의 기능이 아닌 생활속 놀이문화의 한부분으로까지 변화되고 있는 것이다. 더 나아가 자연으로부터의 모방을 통해 소비자의 눈에 익숙한 디자인으로 이목을 끓기도 하는 이러한 새로운 형태의지자인을 통해 변화하는 자동차디자인의 흐름을 알아보고 다음 세대의 디자인을 고찰해 본다. At the beginning of the industrial age, monopolistic market system could be formed due to the distinction of the products core technology. However, the continuous growth of mass production technology since the Industrial Revolution reduced the monopoly period of the core technology. And today, 100 years later, even with the worldwide competition of technology development, it Is becoming more difficult to make a distinction from other companys product because of the generalization and equalization of the technology. For the difficulty of achieving products technical distinction from others, the enterprises turned to design and marketing to acquire competitiveness for Its own product, distinguishing from other companys product. Currently, domestic and international automobile industry has been introducing various forms of designs to distinguish themselves from the existing class. Progress of science and technology with the abundance In peoples life have brought on the change in the automobiles design to be more characteristic and unique, so it is becoming not only a simple transportation vehicle but a part of play culture within human life. Furthermore, by copying from nature, the design familiar to the consumers eyes gets attention and through these kinds of design wecan see the changing flew of the automobiles design and examine the design of next generation.

도시 거주 노인 수면 습관 및 불면증상의 요인 : 인구학적,질병 및 정신증상의 관련성

홍진표,안준호,윤영국,박종익,이소영,함봉진,김장규,한오수,조맹제 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구는 국내 노인의 습관을 조사하고 불면 증상과 연관 있는 인구학적, 질병학적 요인을 알고자 했다. 방 법 : 1997년 12월부터 1998년 1월까지 약 1개월에 걸쳐 2단계 층화집락표본추출의 역학조사법을 통해 선정된 3개 4개동 거주의 만 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 수행되었다. 대상자 중 723명에서 등답을 받았으며 응답률은 73.8였다. 대학생인 설문조사요원들을 훈련시킨 뒤, 이들로 하여금 대상지역의 노인거주가정을 방문하여 개개 노인을 대상으로 반구조화된 면담으로 수면습관 및 불면증상 설문을 실시하였으며 그 외 한국어판 노인정신장애평가척도, 삶의 질 척도를 이용한 설문조사와 과거 질병력을 청취조사하게 하였다. 결 과 : 국내 노인들은 평균 오후 10시 16분에 자리에 누워 오전 5시22분에 일어나서 총 7시간 6분의 수면시간을 보였다. 노인의 11.7%가 거의 매일 밤 불면증을 14.8%가 간헐적 불면증을 호소하였다. 남자에서는 연령이 증가할수록 침상에 누워있는 시간이 증가하고, 또, 입면시까지 소요되는 시간과 수면 중의 각성회수가 증가되었으나 여성에서는 명확하지 않았다. 단변수 분석에서 요통, 중풍 병력의 환자에서 불면증상이 심했다. 다변량분석 결과 불면 증상과 관련 깊은 요인으로 남자에게서는 고령과 우울증상이 여자에게서는 남자의 위험요인에다 신체통증과 피부병력이 추가로 관련이 있었다. 결 론 : 지역 거주 노인에서 불면 증상은 매우 흔한 증상이며 우울증상과 명확한 상관관계를 보이고 있었다. 불면증을 극복하기 위해 불면증 위험요인의 인과관계에 대한 추후 연구가 필요하다. Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze sleep habit and investigate the association between insomnia and demographic, health and psycho-behavioral symptomatology in Korean urban elderly Method : A total of 723 community residents aged 65 years or older were surveyed by two stage, random cluster sampling method. The response rate was 76.2%. Interviewers performed door to door visits and administered a questionnaire about sleep, past medical history, and several scales as the Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale(PAS), the short form Quality of Life Scale (SF-36) and etc. Results : The mean scores are as follows : retiring time was ten-sixteen p.m., wake-up time was five twenty two a.m., duration of sleep was seven hours and six minutes. Among the elderly, 11.6% and 14.8% of the subjects reported chronic and intermittent difficulty in sleeping, respectively. The patients with back pain and history of stroke complained of more insomnia symptoms in univariate analysis. In ANCOVA analysis, insomnia symptoms were associated with an old age, depressive symptoms in male. Bodily pain and history of dermatologic disease were additional risk factors in female. Conclusions : The data suggest insomnia is one of most common health problems among elderly Koreans living in the community. Strong positive relationship between depressive symptoms and insomnia were found. Further research is needed to explore the causal relationship between insomnia and risk factors.

외상성 비장 손상 5 2예의 임상적 고찰

홍성화,이상목,고영관,오수명,장연수 대한외상학회 1999 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

Backgrounds : A total splenectomy was considered as the standard method to management of splenic injury. However, recently, splenic preservation has been emphasized because of the spleen ’s important immunologic function, especially in the young. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and the indications of non-operative management of traumatic splenic injury. Methods : The medical records of 52 patients who were managed for traumatic splenic injury between Jan. 1, 1990, and Jun. 30, 1999, were evaluated. The clinical manifestations, the mecha-nism of injury, the diagnostic method, the grade of injury, the initial management, the initial treatment mode, treatment course, and complications were investigated. Results : Thirty(30) patients were initially treated medically with transfusions and intensive monitoring. A delayed operation was required in 9 patients (30%) who suffered a severe splenic injury more than grade III. Twenty-one(21) of the 30 patients (70%) who suffered a splenic injury less than grade III were successfully managed non-operatively. Nineteen(19) of the 22 patients (86%) who required an initial operation suffered a severe splenic injury more than grade III. There were differences between the non-operative and the operative groups in transfusion amount (1.1 vs 6.5 pints) and in hospital stay (14.8 vs 30.9 days). Conclusions : Non-opeartive management of traumatic splenic injury will be successful in patients who are hemodynamically stable with adequate resuscitation and a small amount of transfusion and who have suffered injuries below grade III.

Critical role of bile acid (BA) in the cellular entry and permissiveness of Hepatitis B virus in vitro

Hong‑Jai Lee,Bo‑Young Shin,Jae‑Seung Moon,Ailyn Fadriquela,Selikem Abla Nuwormegbe,Chun‑Chang Ho,Jin‑Su Shin,Jee‑Sang Yoon,Sang‑Kyou Lee,Soo‑Ki Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Lack of universal replication system for hepatitis B virus with narrow host range and organ tropism has hampered to uncover the pathogenesis of HBV. Previously, we reported the essentiality of humoral milieu and its components toward HBV and hepatitis C virus survival/viability in vitro. Of these components, the precise role of enterohepatic humoral milieu such as bile acid (BA) on HBV cultivation in vitro and in vivo is unknown. Objective We explored whether BA, specifically taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) would directly regulate the viral DNA and surface antigen expression of HBV in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. Result We found that higher concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) is able to preserve the genomic stability of HBV in cell-free DMEM, showing higher the surface antigenicity than taurocholic acid (tCA). In line, we found that in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCDCA coupled with 1 × 108 g e/mL HBV) would be optimal for HBV entry into target cells. Using this, human (HepG2, Huh7), and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected by HBV, as evidenced by the presence of HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, and HBV DNA in culture supernatant, as well as HBcAg in cell). Further, cellular entry test revealed that HBV is able to infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species, and organ/tissue, consequently reproducing progeny as confirmed by HBV biomarkers. Last, reinfection test showed that the progenies of HBV from immortalized HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells are able to enter into each or vice versa naïve HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells with or without BA. Conclusion This study demonstrates that enterohepatic humoral milieu such as BA, specifically tCDCA would directly regulate HBV DNA and its surface antigen expression in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. This is the first note to render HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells via sole manipulation of humoral milieu, thus establishing the platform for in vitro robust replication system of HBV.

Borrmann 4형으로 진단된 진행성 위암환자의 임상적 검토

천영국,김영태,홍수진,김진오,조주영,이문성,심찬섭 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Background/Aim: It is difficult to dignosis of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer at the early stage, because of its special morphology. Most of the cases have been detected at the advanced stage with poor survival rate. We reviewed patients with advanced gastric cancer, to define clinicopathologic characteristics of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer comparing other types of gastric cancer. Methods: 1033 patients with advanced gastric cancer were divided into two groups, consisting of 50 patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer, and the remaining 983 patients with all other types of gastric cancer, which were then compared clinicopatologically. Results: The proportion of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer to advanced gastric cancer was 4.48%(50/1,033). The patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer to advanced gastric cancer was 4.48%(50/1,033). The patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer were composed 20 males and 30 males and revealed the highest frequency 3rd decade (24.0%) in age (range 26-78). In giant folds group (n=27), the number of poorly differentiated cell type, lymph node metastasis, peritoneal seeding were 20 (74.1%), 17 (63,0%), 12 (44.4%). In non-giant folds group (n=23), the number of poorly differentiated type, lymph node metastasis, peritoneal seeding were 17 (73.9%), 15 (65.2%), 6 (26.1%). Rate of tumor invasion in serosa and beyound serosa was 88.9% in giant fold group, 63.0% in non-giant fold group. Surgery was performed in only 32% as a modality of treatment (vs. 82.5%). Characteristics findings of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer in EUS showed a thickening of the third (submucosa) and fourth (muscularis propria) layers in 72% of 50 patients, and a well preserved five-layered gastric wall structure in 33 patients. Conclusions: We concluded that Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer was diagnosed more in females, as a more advanced disease, early detection was needed. And endoscopic ultrasonography is useful for diagnosis of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer in the cases of suspicious results of gastroscopy.

탄산음료에 의해 부식된 법랑질 표면변화에 대한 증례발표

김수연,박재홍,김광철,최영철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

현대 사회에서 증가하고 있는 산성 음료의 소비는 치아 부식의 원인으로 주목받고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산성 음료와 산부식 용액,산성 음료 적용 후 칫솔질,산성 음료 적용 후 우유,타액, Tooth Mousse^(ⓡ) 의 적용이 치아 법랑질 표면 재광화에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 사람 소구치의 치관 시편을 제작하여 각각을 적용시킨 후 scanning electron micrograph (SEM)를 촬영 한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Coca-Cola와 Chilsung-Cider의 산도는 FineEtch 37과 self-etching primer인 Tyrian™SPE의 산도보다 높았다. 2. Coca-Cola,Chilsung-Cider, FineEtch 37, Tyrian™SPE를 적용한 후 촬영한 SEM 사진에서 법랑질 표면의 부식된 양상을 비교한 결과 Coca-Cola와 Chilsung-Cider의 산부식 정도가 나머지 둘의 산부식 정도보다 낮은 양상을 보였다. 3. Coca-Cola. Chilsung-Cider를 적용한 후 우유,타액, Tooth Mousse^(ⓡ)를 적용시키고 촬영한 SEM 결과 모두 비슷한 양상을 보였으며 이는 부식된 법랑질 표면보다 덜 부식된 양상을 보였다. 4. Coca-Cola를 적용시킨 다음 칫솔질한 후와 Coca-Cola. 타액,칫솔질의 순서로 적용한 후 촬영한 SEM 결과,타액을 적용시킨 법랑질의 표면이 덜 부식된 양상을 보였다. It is widely believed that the increase in the prevalence of dental erosion is due to soft drinks. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of soft drinks and etchant on the erosion of tooth enamel and the effect of tooth brushing on the abrasion of eroded enamel, and the effect of milk, saliva and Tooth Mousse"' on the remineralization. The changes in tooth enamel surface were observed by scanning electron microscophy. The results were as follows; 1. The pH of Coca-Cola and Chilsung-Cider were higher than the pH of FineEtch 37 and Tyrian™SPE. 2. The SEM photos revealed that the pattern of the surface eroded by Coca-Cola and Chilsung-Cider were more obvious than that eroded by etchants. 3. The results of remineralization by saliva, milk, Tooth Mousse^(ⓡ) were not different from each other. 4. The remineralization by saliva decreased tooth brushing abrasion.

Single Nucleotide Primer Extension 기법을 이용한 SNP 연구

안영욱,예성수,박영홍 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) are the most frequent type of DNA sequence variation of individuals. They are defined by the presence of two alternative bases at a particular position in a DNA sequence and occur about one per 500-1000bp in the human genome. The recent completion of the first reference sequence of the human genome has provided a basis for comprehensive analysis of sequence variation in man. The identification and dense mapping of SNPs is of considerable significance for association studies of complex diseases, pharmacogenetics, population genetics and physical mapping. Their use as genetic markers is favored by their high abundance, low mutation rate and the easy automation of typing. With the development of ABI Prism 3100 or 3700 system, single nucleotide primer extension, we car get a straightforward and large-scale method for validation of or comparative genotyping of known SNPs and point mutations. In the mini sequencing primer extension reaction, a DNA polymerase is used specifically to extend a primer that anneals immediately adjacent to the nucleotide position to be analyzed with a single labeled nucleoside triphosphate complementary to the nucleotide at the variant site. The reactor allows highly specific detection of point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) without direct sequencing. Because all SNPs can be analyzed with high specificity at the same reaction conditions, mini sequencing is a promising reaction principle for multiplex high-throughput genotyping assays. It is also a useful tool for accurate quantitative PCR-based analysis. This review discusses the advanced biotechnique.

斜面의 三次元 破壞確率에 關한 硏究(Ⅱ)

金泳壽,車弘濬,鄭聖寬 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1983 産業技術硏究 Vol.3 No.-

The probability of failure is used to analyze the reliability of three dimensional slope failure, instead of conventional factor of safety. The strength parameters are assumed to be normal variated and beta variated. These are interval estimated under the specified confidence level and maximum like-lihood estimation. The pseudonormal and beta random variables are generated using the uniform probability transformation mehtod according to central limit theorem and rejection method. By means of a Monte-Carlo Simulation, the probability of failure is defined as; Pf=M/N N : Total number of trials M : Total number of failures Some of the conclusions derived from the case study include; 1. Three dimensional factors of safety are generally much higher than 2-D factors of safety. However situations appear to exist where the 3-D factor of safety can be lower than the 2-D factor of safety. 2. The F3/F2 ratio appears to be quite sensitive to c and Φand to the shape of the 3-D shear surface and the slope but not to be to the unit weight of soil. 3. In cases that strength parameters are assumed to be normal variated and beta variated, the relationships between safety factor and the probability of failure are fairly consistent, regardless of the shape of the 3-D shear surface and the slope. 4. As the c-value is increased, the probability of failure for the same safety factor is increased and as the Φ-value is increased, the probability of failure for the same safety factor is decreased.

경상북도 전문계 고등학교 발전방안

정철영,최홍영,이광호,김재호,이건남,최수정 한국농업교육학회 2008 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.40 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 경상북도에 소재하고 있는 전문계 고등학교가 발전할 수 있도록 하는 방안을 제시하는 데 있다. 이 연구는 다음과 같은 과정을 통해서 수행되었다. 첫째, 전문계 고등학교 관련 정책, 전문계 고등학교의 교육여건, 지역 산업여건 및 전망, 전문계 고등학교 진단, 교육수요자들을 대상으로 요구조사를 하였다. 둘째, 경상북도 전문계 고등학교의 내적, 외적 사항을 고려하여 발전방향을 설정하였다. 셋째, 경상북도에 소재한 전문계 고등학교 발전을 위한 기본방향을 설정하고 그에 따른 추진과제를 제시하고, 단위학교별, 계열별, 권역별 발전 전략, 행·재정적 지원 방안을 제시하였다. 이 연구의 결과로는 첫째, 경상북도 전문계 고등학교 발전을 위한 5대 기본방향, 15대 추진과제, 45대 세부추진과제를 수립하였다. 둘째, 경상북도에 소재하고 있는 각 전문계 고등학교별로 전문화 및 특성화 영역, 발전 기본방향, 발전방안, 우선 해결과제, 지원 요청 사항을 포함한 단위학교 발전방안을 수립하였다. 셋째, 경상북도에 소재하고 있는 전문계 고등학교의 계열의 SWOT분석을 실시하고, 계열발전방향, 발전과제 및 전략을 포함한 계열별 발전방안을 수립하였다. 넷째, 경상북도를 4개의 권역으로 구분하고 각 권역별 인구추이, 학교수, 학생수, 중점사업 및 산업발전계획 내용을 기초로 하여 권역에 따른 계열별 발전방향 및 발전방안을 제시하였다. 다섯째, 전체 발전방안, 단위학교, 계열, 권역별 발전 방안이 잘 수행될 수 있도록 행·재정적인 지원 전략을 수립하였다. The purposes of this study were to suggest directions to promote vocational high schools in Gyeongsangbuk-do by adapting actively to internal and external environment changes, and corresponding to regional characteristics and industrial demands. The study was performed as follows: (1) analyzing the external and internal surroundings of vocational high schools in Gyeongsangbuk-do such as related educational policies, conditions and prospects of regional industry, community member's notices and needs, educational conditions and self development plan of vocational high schools, (2) establishing the strategic criteria selected for promoting the vocational high schools by the results of the first, (3) based on the strategic criteria, establishing the basic directions for promoting the vocational high schools in Gyeongsangbuk-do and development strategies by schools, fields, and regions. The following five findings are the results of this study. (1) S basic directions, 15 themes, and 45 sub-themes of the vocational high school development were established. (2) Promoting plans for all 72 vocational high schools were provided in terms of basic directions, development strategies, and specialization. (3) Promoting plans for vocational high school fields such as agricultural high school, technical high school, commercial high school, and home economics high school were presented. (4) Based on the industrial strategies in Gyeongsangbuk-do, promoting plans for four provinces were presented. (5) Administrational and financial strategies were suggested in order to support for promoting vocational high schools in Gyeongsangbuk-do.