스텝응답을 이용한 공정의 전달함수 동조

윤양웅,최정내,김진권 원광대학교 2001 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

논문에서는 공정동조를 위한 새로운 방법을 제시한다. 미지의 동특성을 가지는 공정은 PID 제어기를 적용하기 위해 2차 전달함수로 모델링된다. 우선 오버슈트(os), 정정시간 (ts), 정상상태 값 (yss)가 미지공정의 스텝응답으로부터 얻어지고, 위의 세가지의 파라메터를 이용하여, 전달함수를 얻을수 있다. 제안된 동조방법의 우수성을 보이기 위해 다른 동조방법들과 시뮬레이션을 통하여 비교하여 제시하였다. In this paper, a new method for system identification is proposed. Unknown dynamic system is identified to the second order transfer function, which can be applied to PID controller design. First, overshoot(os), settling time(ts), and steady state value(yss) are obtained from the step response of unknown dynamic system. And then, we can get the second order transfer function using equations which are extracted from those three parameters(os, ts, yss) through mathmatical analysis. In addition, simulation is carried out to show excellent performance of proposed identification method compare with other.

Pestalozzi의 도덕교육에 관한 연구

최정웅,강진소 한국교육학회 대구·경북지회 2000 교육학논총 Vol.21 No.2

This study was carried out in order to define and introduce Pestalozzi's educational thought, moral education and influencing aspect to the modern education. The procedure used in this paper was to analyze, organize, and synthesize Pestalozzi's epistemology. A review of many available literatures were made of Pestalozzian epistemology and implication were described as they relate to the problem of this study in the context of early childhood moral education. Pestalozzi's education method sought to educate the totality of the human, and to develop the substantial personality of the child, desires, needs, ideas, and hopes. Petalozzi's philosophy and education method describe the life and career on which based on his ideas and explain moral, intellectual and physical education and how they relate to each other. Pestalozzi's philosophy and method moral education represents that identifies Pestalozzi's three natures of humanity, discusses moral education and presents morality as the work of man.

접착강화제가 치아경조직과의 접척강도 변화에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

최웅대,박상진 大韓齒科保存學會 1995 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.20 No.1

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dentin bonding agents on the bond strength of composite resin restorations in case of applying the dentin bonding agents to acid etched enamel surfaces. Freshly extracted 364 bovine anterior teeth were selected as a adherents. 320 enamel specimens were divided into two groups(unetched group (D and etched group ?for testing the shear bond strength, 40 specimens were used for the hardness testing, and 4 specimens of rest were to observe the resin-tag forma- tion into etched enamel surfaces.All surfaces of enamel specimens were polished with 320~1500 SiC paper under conti- nuous running water. In Group (D, 100 enamel specimens were polished and unetched. 220 polished enamel specimens in Group ?were etched with 37% phosphoric acid solution for 60 seconds, washed with water for 20 seconds, and dried with a light air pressure for 60 seconds.Three kinds of dentin bonding agents( Gluma, Prisma, Scotchbond 2) were evaluated the effect on the bond strength to conditioned enamel surfaces. Shear bond strengths were measured on the three cases such as a coating of primer only, a coating of sealer only, and a sequential coating of primer and sealer to acid etched enamel surfaces were compared with the bond strengths measured by the coating of enamel bonding agent followed by the bonding of composite resin (Photo clearfil bright, Kuraray, Japan) to unetched and acid etched enamel surfaces.In addition, the hardness tested on the adhesive fractured surface between composite resin enamel as a mean of evaluation of a factor whether the mechanical bond strengths were affected and the penetration of dentin bonding agents into etched enamel surfaces was also observed. Bond strengths were measured using the method of shear bond strength by a universal testing machine (Instron-4467, USA), statistical test were applied to the results using a one way analysis variance (ANOVA), and hardness was measured by the Vicker's Hardness Tester(MHT-i, Matsuzawa, Japan) and the penetration of the resins were observed by the SEM (Hitachi, S-2300, Japan).The following conclusions were drawn ; 1. Enamel bonding agent showed to affect the improvement of bond strength of composite resin to enamel surface both unetched and etched. 2. Dentin bonding agents could be resulted in increase of bond strength to unetched enamel surface, but there were no statistical significances. 3. Bond strengths to etched enamel surface were significantly decreased with a coating of dentin primer only. 4. Coating of sealer only and coating of primer and sealer noticed the similar bond strengths of composite resin to etched enamel using the enamel bonding agents. 5. The applying method proved to be more effective than the kinds of dentin bonding agents on the bond strength of composite resin to etched enamel than the kind of dentin. 6. Vicker's hardness numbers of dentin bonding agents were lower than that of composite resin, but the degree of penetration of dentin bonding agents into etched enamel surfaces was excellent.

응급실내에서 발생한 폭력의 실태

최웅지,조남수,조수형,김성중,박광철,박진실 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.1

Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to obtain circumstances about violence providers and cause of the violence in emergency room. Materials and Methods: Reports were provided to emergency department doctors, nurses and emergency medical technicians working in Chosun University Hospital Emergency Center during the sixty days from 26 May 2003 to 24 July 2003. Report form consisted of the degree of violence, the reason for the violence, dermographic information about violence providers, outbreak time of violence and response of emergency personnels. Results: SixtyUeight case of violence in the emergency department were reported. Almost all of the violence was due to the male gender and high incidence in third and fourth decade. The violence occured mostly in the night shift. 55.9% of violence was done by patient and 41.2% was done by patient's guardians. The leading cause of violence were alcohol drunken and delay of laboratory test and treatment. Verbal abuse and threats were the most concern form of violence, Conclusion: It is necessary to solve the problems faced in the emergency department not only administrative and financial aid but also regular preventive education and further study.

레이저 照射後 臼齒用 복합레진의 結合力에 關한 硏究

최웅진 全北大學校 齒醫學硏究所 1991 전북치대논문집 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this sutdy was investigating the bond strength between composite resin and enamel surface of the tooth. The enamels of sound primary molars and permanent premolars were used for experiment. They were extracted for orthodontic therapy or at physiologic exfoliation. They were classified into 10 groups at random ; 1 control group, 4 experimental groups were contained in self-curing resin and light-curing resin each. Laser impacts on each experimental groups were made at energy density of Q-switched Nd : YAG laser with 3.6J/m^2 and 10.8J/cm^2, Giant pulsed Nd : YAG laser 40J/cm^2 and Normal pulsed Nd : YAG laser with 40J/cm^2. Then the decalcified patterns of enamel by 36% phosphoric acid were investigated with scanning electron microscope add adhesive shear strength was measured on the each decalcified enamel surface after adhesion of light-curing and self-curing resin. All the decalcified enamel surfaces were classified into 3 groups and the hardness change after laser irradiation was examined. The obtained results were as follows. 1. There were not significant difference statistically between the light-curing resin groups in adhesive shear strength of primary molar(P>0.05), but significant increase in bonding force of self-curing resin groups as significant level α=0.05 in Q-switched Nd : YAG laser with 3.6J/cm^2, significant level α=0.01 in Normal pulsed Nd : YAG laser with 40J/cm^2. 2. There were not significant difference statistically between the light-curing resin groups in adhesive shear strength of permanent premolar, but significant increase in bonding force of self-curing resin groups as significant level α=0.05 in Q-switched Nd : YAG laser with 10.8J/cm^2 and Normal pulsed Nd : YAG laser with 40J/cm^2. 3. There were significant increase in bonding force of self-curing resin groups(α=0.01) in contrast to light curing resin groups when adhesive shear strength was examined with primary molar and permanent premolar. 4. In the hardness change after laser irradiation. primary molar was decreased significantly only in irradiation of Normal pulsed Nd : YAG laser as significant level α=0.01(P<0.01). In case of permanent premolar, significant decrease was seen statistically as significant level α=0.05 in Giant pulsed Nd : YAG laser irradiation and significant level α=0.01 in normal pulsed Nd : YAG laser irradiation(P<0.01).

農村 靑少年의 家庭生活에 관한 價値觀

崔敏浩,鄭址雄,金性洙,李洛薰,金鎭模 서울大學校 農科大學 1985 서울대농학연구지 Vol.10 No.2

The purposes of the study were to investigate the values of the rural youth in relation to family living, and to compare changes in the values with the similar study of the reseacher of 1970 in Korea. Data were collected by undergraduate and graduate students of the Seoul National University from randomly selected 993 rural youths of 13 to 24 years of age through questionnaire method. The data were analyzed by HP 3000 Computer in the College of Agriculture, Seoul National University. Major statistical techniques used for the study were frequency, percentile, chi square test. Statistical significance was tested at 0.05 level. The major findings of the study were as follows; 1. It was revealed that values on family living were changed into modern democratic ideals from traditional Confucian values 2. The view of respondents that the first son should take care of parents has decreased from 32.8% in 1970 to 23.8% in 1984. The Respondents who think that one of sons should take care of parents has increased from 45.8% in 1970 to 60.8% in 1984. 3. The rate of respondents claiming that the head of a family should govern the family with authority and dignity has increased from 61.1%in 1970 to 68.3% in 1984. 4. The respondents claiming that the head of a family should decide the important things of family living dogmatically has decreased from 16.9% in 1970 to 8.1% in 1984. 5. The rate of respondents claiming that father should respect mother's opinion in family has increased from 78.6% in 1970 to 90.5% in 1984. 6. The rate of respondents claiming that fathers should understand the things of children with maximum degree has increased from 86.8% in 1970 to 93.8% in 1984.

그람양성구균에 대한 Teicoplanin과 Vancomycin의 시험관내 항균력

최태열,김경숙,전용관,서일혜,김정욱,이웅수,안정열,김홍석,정재용,최효선,김덕언,유진우 대한감염학회 1994 감염 Vol.26 No.1

An increasing frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA), methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS) and Enterococcal infection have been observed in recent years. Teicoplanin is a new glycopeptide antibiotic obstained from the Actinoplanes teicomycetius. The molecular structure and spectrum of antimicrobial activity of teicoplanin is simillar to those of vancomycin, and has been reported to have an excellent in vitro and in vivo effect against various gram-positive infections. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitor susceptibility of gram positive cocci, such as, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci(CNS), and Enterococci to teicoplanin and vancomycin. The total 253 strains consisted of MSSA(40), MRSA(53), MSCNS(47), MRCNS(48), and Enterococci(65). They were assayed by disc diffusion and agar dilution. During the study, 57% of S. aureus and 49% of CNS showed resistance to methicillin. The inhibitory diameter of teicoplanin was 15-20mm in MSSA, 12-19mm in MRSA, 13-24mm in MSCNS, 11-23mm in MRCNS, and 15-22mm in Enterococci respectively, and showed sensitivity in all but 8 strains(3.2%). The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of teicoplanin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS and Enterococci were 9.12-2.0㎍/ml, 0.25-2.0㎍/ml, & 0.25-32㎍/ml, 0.12-1.0㎍/ml respectively. One case of S. haemolyticus was resistant to teicoplanin (32㎍/ml) by the agar dilution method. Eight minor (3.2%) and one major(0.4%) error was observed when the MIC and disk diffusion data were correlated with teicoplanin. As for vancomycin the inhibitory diameter was 17-21mm in MSSA, 15-21mm in MRSA, 18-26mm in MSCNS, 18-25mm in MRCNS, and 16-22mm in Enterococci respectively. The range of the MIC of vancomycin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS, and Enterococci were 0.25-1.0㎍/ml, 0.25-4.0㎍/ml, 0.5-2.0㎍/ml and 0.5-2.0㎍/ml respectively. One minor error (0.4%) was seen with the vancomycin disk. The MIC90 of MSSA and MRSA exhibited the same results in teicoplanin (1.0㎍/ml, 1.0㎍/ml), and vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). MSCNS and MRCNS exhibited greater MIC90 with teicoplanin(4.0㎍/ml, 8.0㎍/ml) than vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). Incontrase Enterococci were more susceptible to teicoplanin(0.5㎍/ml) than to vancomucin (2.0㎍/ml). Results from this analysis indicated that both teicoplanin and vancomycin were very excellent for gram positive infections, especially those resistant to methicillin.

위암 환자의 복강내 투여를 위한 Activated Charcoal-Alginate Bead 제형으로부터 Mitomycin C의 용출 거동

이진호,최선웅,서중기,김동민,정경수,오정연,김진향,노승무,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,강대영,송규상,양준묵,조준식,정현용,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Locoregional recurrence is the most common type of recurrence in surgical operation of gastric adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal dissemination is one of the most difficult problems in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma treatment. Because the peritoneal cavity is the most common site of the first recurrence after gastric cancer resection, intraperitoneal chemotherapy seems a logical choice for cancer chemotherapy. In this study, Mitomycin C (MMC)-activated charcoal (CH)-alginate (ALG) beads were prepared by the mixtures of CH particles adsorbed with MMC as an anti-cancer drug and aqueous alginate solution. The alginate is recognized as biodegradable, nontoxic, and biocompatible. The release of MMC from the beads in 0.1 M Tris buffer was stable and continuous until about 1 week. The MMC-CH-ALG beads can be applied in the peritoneal cavity for intraperitoneal chemotherapy since they provide a good adhesiveness on the tissue and controlled release pattern of the drugs.

생체분해성 고분자의 특성 및 의학적 응용

이진호,최선웅,강길선,노승무,민병무,김용백,김학용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

"Biomaterials" are nonviable materials used in medical devices, intended to interact with biological systems. They should have "biocompativility", which is defined as the ability of materials to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application. It includes many materials that are often classified as biomaterials. Metals, ceramics, polymers, glasses, carbons, and composite materials are some examples. Among them, biodegradable polymers are discussed in this revies article. Since a biodegradable polymeric implant does not have to be removed surgically once it is no longer needed, biodegradable polymers are of value in short-term applications that require only the temporary presence of a polymeric implant. Main short-term medical applications of biodegradable polymers include the temporary tissue scaffold, the temporary adhesion barrier, the drug delivery device, and the multifunctional implant. In this article, the properties, processing methods, and medical applications of the biodegradable polymers are reviewed.

중학생의 개인적 특성에 따른 자아정체감에 관한 연구

민수진,최웅재,김성훈 한국학교체육학회 2003 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 중학생의 개인적특성에 따른 자아정체감을 살펴봄으로써 성장기의 자아정체감을 확립하는데 도움이 되는 기초자료를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 연구대상은 2002년 현재 서울지역 중학교에 재학중인 학생으로 하였고, 층화표본추출법(Cluster random sampling)을 사용하여 서울을 강남과 강북으로 분류한 후 서울시 교육청에 등록된 학교에 난수표를 부여한 후, 각각 1개교씩 2개교를 선정하였다 선정된 학교에서 교사의 양해를 얻어 250명씩 총 500명을 표집하였다. 연구대상 500명 중 불성실하게 응답하거나 신뢰성이 떨어지는 53부를 제외한 447부가 본 연구의 분석자료로 사용되었다. 본 연구에서 사용한 측정도구는 설문지로 박아청(1996)이 제작한 한국형 자아정체성 검사 중 '정체감 유예'와 '정체감 혼미'를 제외한 '주체성', '자기수용성', '미래확신성', '목표지향성', '주도성', '친밀성'의 6개 영역을 각 8문항씩 총48문항으로 재구성한 류청렬(1999)의 검사지를 수정·보안하여 본 연구에 적합한 설문지를 완성하였다. 본 연구에서 자료분석을 위하여 사용된 분석방법은 SPSS 10.0 version 프로그램을 이용하여 신뢰도 분석(Reliab Analysis), T-검증(T-Test), 교차 분석(Crosstabs Analysis), 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA) 및 요인 분석(factor Analysis)등의 통계기법을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 자료분석 결과와 논의를 통해 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 개인적 특성의 변인으로 성별, 학년, 학업성적, 경제수준에 따라 자아정체감에서 성별은 '친밀성' 요인에 있어서는 여학생들이 남학생들보다 높게 나타났다. 학년은 '주도성', '목표지향성'. '자기수용성', '천밀성' 순으로 높게 나타났다. 학업성적은 학업성적이 높으면 전체 자아정체감이 높았으며, '친밀감', '자기수용성', '미래확신성', '주체성' 순서로 높게 나타났다. 경제수준은 '주체성'이 높게 나타났다. This study was intended to present the basic materials helpful for middle school students in their middle school days and establishing their self-identify in a period of growth. For this purpose, this study attempted to identify what effect middle school students' participation had on the formation of self-identity through the investigation of the relationship between their participation in self-identity. The questionnaire research was conducted for middle school students attending middle schools in Seoul as of 2002. For this purpose, 500 students were sampled using the duster random sampling method. 447 questionnaires returned from them were used as data for analysis of this study. Such statistical analysis techniques as reliability analysis, t-test, crosstabs analysis, one-way ANOVA and factor analysis were used to analyze data using the SFSS 10.0 version program. Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusion was drawn: First, an attempt was made to investigate self-identity according to such individual characteristic variables as sex, school year, school records and economic level. Middle school girls showed the higher level of intimacy than the schoolboys in terms of sex. Self-identity was shown to be higher in the ascending order of 'initiative', 'goal orientedness 'self-acceptance and 'intimacy' in terms of school year. Middle school students with better school records, showed the high overall self-identity, which was shown to be higher in the ascending order of 'intimacy', 'self-acceptance', 'future assurance', 'subjectivity'. They showed the high level of 'subjectivity' in terms of economic level.