Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease; subgroup analysis for causes, risk factors for mortality rate, and steroid responsiveness

( Seung Hyun Yong ),( Ah Young Leem ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Young Sam Kim ),( Joon Chang ),( Moo Suk Park ),( Hye Jin Jang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-

Background: Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) has known as a poor prognosis disease, particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Corticosteroid is widely used for treatment of acute exacerbation (AE)-ILD. This study aims to clarify efficacy of corticosteroid use, and compare the mortality rate depending on the subgroups of ILD. Materials and Methods: We collected the data from the patients who have diagnosed ILD and visited emergency room (ER) with the respiratory symptoms from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. We classified AE-ILD patients into 3 groups depending on methylprednisolone dose per kilogram. Also, we compared the mortality of IPF patients to that of non-IPF patients. Results: A total case of AE-ILD visited ER from 2016 to 2018 was 209 cases, including IPF cases (n=122) and non-IPF cases (n=87). We divided total patients (n=209) into three groups depending on steroid use, and these include group 1 of 0-0.49 mg/kg (n=78), group 2 of 0.5-0.99 mg/kg (n=58), and above 1.0 mg/kg (n=41), each. We found poor prognosis from the cases of IPF compared to non-IPF cases (p=0.029, OR 2.463). Furthermore, there was significant differences of mortality rate according to steroid dose (p=0.036, OR 1.712), CRP elevation (p=0.016, OR 1.004), and intubated case (p=0.000, OR 8.152). Also, we categorized IPF (n=122) to non-IPF cases (n=87) and analyzed the mortality rate. Most of the patients were death from ILD itself (n=23, 63.9%), Pneumonia(n=8, 22.2%), and Lung cancer (n=5, 13.9%). Bacterial infection (n=26) was dominant cause of AE, followed by fungal infection (n=15), and viral infection (n=10). Conclusions: This retrospective analysis of corticosteroid treatment shows more fatal outcome when we use high dose steroid in AE-ILD cases, and there was significant difference in mortality rate depending on the subgroup of ILD and medical background, such as intubation status, higher CRP level, and IPF cases.

급성 췌장염의 합병이 추정되는 한국형 출혈열 1예

박영수,김창오,김영근,홍성관,장경희,허애정,염준섭,송영구,김준명 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.5

The Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF) is an acute febrile disease with characteristic of fever, bleeding tendency, and renal failure. There are many complications of Korean hemorrhagic fever such as infection, anemia, internal bleeding, hypopituitarism, respiratory, and neurologic complication. A few cases were reported on acute pancreatitis with hemorrhagic fever abroad, but there was no case about Korean hemorrhagic fever with acute pancreatitis in this country. We experienced a case of Korean hemorrhagic fever associated with suspected acute pancreatits. With review of articles, we report a case of 51 year-old woman with KHF, where acute pancreatitis developed during management, (Korean J Infect Dis 33:376∼379, 2001)

動物組織中의 脂質定量에 對하여

朴愛卿 이화화학회 1968 梨花化學會誌 Vol.- No.7

쥐의 뇌, 심장, 허파 등을 試料로 取하여 Thin layer chromatography에 依하여 脂質을 定量한 結果 cholesterol는 특히 뇌신경 조직과 부신에 많이 存在하며 Total cholesterol 含量은 뇌에 17.6㎎/g로 가장 많았고 심장에 3.2㎎/g로 가장 적었다. Free cholesterol 역시 뇌에 가장 많이 있고 심장에 가장 적었다. Glyceride는 Brain에 가장 많았고 大體로 Triglyceride가 많았다. Lipid is accumlated at adipose tissue, Adipose tissue consists of more than 90% triglyceride. Lipid is main energy source in the animal body as you know. In this experiment, we used brain, heart and lug from rat as samples. We tried to investigate the constituents of neutral lipid, and phospholipids. As a resalt, we separated six different material from nuetral lipid and four from the phospholipid. They were monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride, free cholesterol esterified cholesterol fatty acids and phosphatidyl ethanol amine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol, and one unknown lipid, respectively. Brain had the highest glyceride content and also highest cholesterol content which was about 4 times as high as that in the heart and lug. Phosphatidyl ethanol amine had the highest phospholipid and total cholesterol amount was the highest at the Brain.

한국 노인의 특성에 따른 맛 감지 능력의 차이에 관한 연구

박경애,이희주,박명숙,이정희,전상은,김종성,최스미 대한노인병학회 2002 대한노인병학회지 Vol.6 No.4

일 대학 보건진료소의 결핵 관리에 관한 조사 연구

박경애 東新大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

The proportion of people who contacted T.B. in Korea has drastically decreased as a result of the incessant effort of the Korean government which adopted a policy of "Drive out T.B." as its foremost health policy. However, the proportion still remains relatively high compared with that of developed countries. This study was conducted to find some means for guiding and counseling university students who have T.B. The subjects of this study was consisted of 315 students at C university who were diagnosed as T.B. patients and registered at the C university health clinic front 1991 to 1996. The findings were as follows; 1) Prevalence rates of T.B. according to years were 0.5% in average 2) Incident rates of bacteriologically confirmed T.B. by years were 3.1% in average 3) According to the route of case finding, 91.4% of T.B. patients were identified by period phygical examination. 4) Rates of T.B. patients according to registered agents were 84.5% in average by university health clinic. 5) Seventy-two point six percent of patients were minimal and 20.7% were moderately advanced and 6.7% were far advanced. 6) Eighty-five point seven percent of patients were discharged after complete treatment, 2.0% of them were transfered, 2.3% were changed their diagnosis and 9.1% were under teatment. 7-1) Advantages in utilization of university health clinic were accessibility(61.5%), availability(46.2%), comprehensiveness and affordability(42.3%), care continuity(26.9% ) in order. 7-2) Disadvantages in utilization of university health clinic were difficult in contact doctor(60.0%), too burdensome of staff in clinic(56.0%), fear to be known as T.B. patient to the colleague(44.0%) in order.

韓國飮食에 대한 女高生의 意識과 嗜好에 關한 調査硏究 : 光州ㆍ全南地域을 中心으로

박미섬,김경애 한국 가정과 교육 학회 1991 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.3 No.-

The consciousness and food preference of Korean foods by high school girls in Kwangju city and Chonnam area was survery by questionnaire. The resutls were as follows; 1. Although the cooking methods of Korean foods were scientific (63.8%), they have to be improved because of complication and diffeculty. The point of improvement in the urban area was cooing method but that in the rural area was nutrition and hygiene 2. The motives of having interest in korean tradition foods were through home life and school education, mass communication and ets. As the subjects live in more urban area and have high income level, they were affected by school education and mass communication. 3. They are used to eat both traditional and nontraitional foods on the korean festive days and annual functions. There is tendency to decrease the use of traditional foods gradually because of complicated their cooking methods and long cooking time. 4. Most houehold responded that Korean traditional food are must to succession development (52.9%), because of succeed to korean diet culture and suit one's taste. Teh most pride of traitional food are kimchi, rice cake, sweet rice drink, persimmon punch, sweet waxy rice cooked potherbs. 5. The preferenc about the korean foods were high in this order of chopusey, mandu, laver, shikhae, cooked waxy rice. And they were low in salted anchovies salted yellow convina liver cheon, lyster cheon.

잡가 연구의 현황과 과제 : 국문학계의 연구를 중심으로

박애경 洌上古典硏究會 2003 열상고전연구 Vol.17 No.-

국문학계에서 잡가 연구는 가장 혼란스러운 분야라 할 수 있다. 연구 성과가 쌓일수록 잡가의 정체성과 존속 시기에 대한 합의가 이루어지기 보다는 이견이 속속 노출되고 있기 때문이다. 잡가는 19세기 중반 이후 도시 유흥의 장에 등장한 순간부터 1920년대 전성기를 맞을 때까지 상당한 수준의 대중적 파급력을 드러낸 바 있다. 뿐만아니라 잡가는 중세 해체기의 문화적 역동성을 자양분으로 하여 자기부상한 후, 근대 전화기를 거치며 전성기를 맞이 했다는 점에서 중세의 끝에 성장한 서민 예술이 근대라는 시기와 만나며 겪는 변화와 생존 방식을 선명하게 보여주고 있다. 요컨대 잡가는 19세기 문화사와 근대 전환기 예술의 운명과 존재 방식을 가늠하는 척도이며 관문이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 잡가 연구는 그 특수한 위상을 밝히는 방향으로 진행되어야 한다. 이를 구체적으로 지적하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문집, 가집, 고악보에 분산되어 있는 잡가 관련 기록을 수집하고, 해석할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 잡가의 존재양상과 방식을 객관적으로 살핌으로써 잡가의 개념과 범주에 대한 이견을 좁힐 필요가 있다. 셋째, 조선 후기에 형성되어 근대전환기를 거치고 일제 강점기까지 존속한 잡가를 통해 '통속예술에서 대중예술로의 상승'이라는 예술사의 발전 과정을 진단하고, 19세기 도시문화의 역동성을 밝혀낼 필요가 있다. 넷째, 전통적 장르에서 근대 대중예술로 순조롭게 발전한 잡가를 통해 시가에서 근대성이 실현되는 방식을 추적해볼 수 있다. 마지막으로 잡가를 고려가요, 사설시조 등 하위문화의 속성을 지니면서 잡종 장르의 면모를 지녔던 장르 간의 계보 속에서 파악함으로써 시가에서 장르 복합적인 현상을 해명하는 이론적 틀을 마련해볼 필요가 있다. Study on Jabka is taken as the most chaotic area in Korean literature academics. This is because different views are being raised rather than aligning on identity of Jabka and its duration as study results build up. From the moment of Jabka's introduction to urban entertainment stage in mid 19 century to height of prosperity in 1920s', Jabka demonstrated great deal of public spreading capability. Also, viewed in light of its emergence utilizing cultural dynamics during break down of middle age and having its peak passing through tansit period into modern age, Jabka demonstrates clearly as to how mass art that's developed at the end of middle age went through changes and survival measures by encounter with modern age. Jabka can be standard and gateway to discern 19 century cultural history and art's destiny and existence method during transit period into modern age. Therefore, Jabka studies need to direct towards period its unique phase. This can be illustrated in detail as follows. First, we need to collect and analyze Jabka related records scattered in various collections and music books. Second, we need toi narrow different views on Jabka's concept and criteria reviewing existence appearance and method of Jabka objectively. Third, we need to review development process of art history and to investigate dynamics of 19c urban culture through Jabka that was created at the end of Chosun dynasty and existed through modern transit period and Japanese occupation, that's summed up as rising from popular art to mass art. Forth, we can track its path in which modernity is materialized through Jabka that's developed from traditional gentr to one of modern mass art. Finally, we need to set theoretical frame that explains Jabka's hybrid genre complexity reviewing from genealogy between genres in which shows mixed gentr while maintaining character of sub culture such as Koryo Gayo and Sasulshizo.

Antenatal Treatment of Ambroxol Hydrochloride and Dexamethasone for the Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome

박은애,이경은 이화여자대학교 이과대학 2003 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.26 No.2

연구목적: 미숙아에 대한 치료 한계가 점점 어린 연령, 적은 체중으로 햐향되면서 미숙아에서 발생하는 호흡곤란증(respiratory distress syndrome)은 출생 후 치료 뿐만 아니라 출생 전 예방에 더 많은 관심을 가지게 되었다 이에 본 저자는 산전 ambroxol hydrochloride와 dexamethasone치료가 미숙아 호흡곤란증 예방과 신생아 감염에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 조기 진통으로 미숙아를 분만하게 되는 101명의 산모에서 무작위로 ambroxol hydrochloride와 dexamethasone을 투여하였다. 이들에서 분만 된 113명의 신생아가 연구에 포함되었으며, 이들 환아를 대상으로 뇌실 내 출혈 및 신생아 감염의 빈도에 대한 평가도 이루어졌다. 결과: 대상 환아의 두 군간에 평균 재태연령, 출생시 체중, 조기양막파수의 빈도, 아프가 점수 등의 차이는 없었다. Ambroxol투여군에서 호흡곤란증후군의 발생 빈도가 20.6%로 dexamethasone군의 38%에 비해 낮았으나 통계적 의의는 없었다(p>0.05). 또한 인공 폐포 활성물질의 투여를 요구하는 중증의 호흡곤란증후군 빈도가 인공호읍기, 산소 치료, 입원 기간도 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 신생아 감염의 경우 ambroxol 투여군에서 4.8%로 dexamethasone군의 24%에 비해 의미있게 낮았다(p<0.05). 결론: Ambroxol hydrochloride의 산전 치료 효과는 미숙아 호흡곤란증의 예방에는 dexamethasone과 비슷한 효과를 보였으며, 신생아 감염에서는 더 낮은 감염률을 보였다.

대전 충남지역 국민학교의 학교급식 실태에 관한 조사

박영숙,이경애,김연순 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

The foodservice management of school-lunch program was studied to certify the fulfillment of it's objectives. One hundred thirtheen primary schools in Taejon and Chungnam province were participated in our survey. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Average cost per meal for each student was 772 won, that was less in central kitchen system. Productivity in terms of meals per worker was also higher in centralized kitchen system. 2. The menu was mostly planned weekly and not cyclic. 3. The dietitian's work covered all 5 parts of material handling duties in conventional system which were described in the school-lunch program laws. However it was mainly concentrated on 2 parts of the food purchase order and of the inspection of delivered foods in co-management and central kitchen systems. 4. Our results indicated that nutrition education in school-lunch program especially in co-management and central kitchen systems was almost neglected. It was stressed that school-lunch program should be extended without omitting its objectives especially nutrition education, which is important for the young.

사설시조의 여성화자와 여성 섹슈얼리티

박애경 한국여성문학학회 2000 여성문학연구 Vol.3 No.-

사설시조에는 여성화자가 주도하는 성담론이 두드러지게 나타나고 있다. 이 글은 여성화자의 성담론이 당대 현실과 관계 맺는 양상을 살피기 위해, 여성화자의 존재양상을 정황에 따라 나누어 살펴보고, 여기에 나타나는 발화 방식과 태도를 점검해 보았다. 여성화자의 성담론에는 훼손된 성을 드러내는 비교적 균일한 목소리도 간혹 드러나지만, 대개 간통, 성에 편향된 자아를 고백하는 분열된 목소리가 압도적으로 나타나고 있다. 어조의 분열은 시점의 불일치, 비현실적 상황 설정, 화자와 논평자의 분리로 가시화되고 있다. 이것은 사설시조에 나타난 여성화자와 실질적 발화의 주체와의 분리를 의미한다. 이 글은 이러한 문제 의식에서 출발하여 사설시조에 나타난 여성화자가 실은 기방 등 남성이 주도하는 유흥 공간에서 성욕을 대리 체험하고 대리 진술하는 욕망의 투사체로 기능하고 있음을 살펴보았다. 이 순간 여성화자는 남성의 일탈적 욕망의 대상으로 혹은 희화화된 ‘관음’의 대상으로 고정화되고 만다. 이는 사설시조의 여성화자가 적극적 태도, 도발적 포즈에도 불구하고 ‘타자성’에서 벗어나지 못했다는 의미로 해석할 수 있을 것이다. Sasul-Sijo is censuring in many aspects. In this study, I focused female narrator and its discourse of sexuality in Sasul-Sijo. Sexuality is the main process to understand the esthetic value of Sasul-Sijo, is known as being coincident with irregular form of this genre. Female narrator in Sasul-Sijo is escaping from the 'Model of the woman' that is restricted notion of Middle Ages. They express sexual desire, sexual experience and illicit love without hesitation. To make clear the meaning of female narrator and its discourse, I examined the aspects of discourse including tone and poetic circumstances, being related with reality at that time, and then was revealed its discord of tone, lack of unity. It is to say that the female narrator is not consistent with the real subject of speaking. It is the man who control the sexual discourse of female narrator. Therefore, we can conclude that female narrator is not the provision of expressing the desire and emotion of woman but the projection of man's sexual desire something like deviating. Female narrator is showed as the subject of expressing sexual desire and experience in place of man, sometimes the object of ridicule. And the characteristic of female narrator in Sasul-sijo is consistent with the image of Kisaeng. It means that however active on the surface, female narrator in Sasul-Sijo is not free from the meaning of the 'object'.