Predictive Risk Assessment Using Cooperation Concept for Collision Avoidance of Side Crash in Autonomous Lane Change Systems

Hyunsoo Lee,Chang Mook Kang,Wonhee Kim,Woo Young Choi,Chung Choo Chung 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

We present an innovative approach to risk assessment using cooperation concept for collision avoidance of side crash for autonomous lane change system. The cooperation concept is proposed to check an available space in the target lane for lane change in a short period of the future. Before moving to the target lane, the ego vehicle needs to check whether the object vehicle is cooperative or not for the lane change. The object vehicles are indexed as cooperative driver (CD) or non-cooperative driver (NCD) through the conditions based on the relative longitudinal acceleration and the collision free time. If the object vehicle is CD, the ego vehicle moves toward the target lane within the original lane for the preparation of the lane change. The ego vehicle should keep its lateral position within the original lane until the situation for the lane change becomes safe. As soon as the risk assessment becomes safe, the lane change is performed. Therefore, lane change can be started in advance compared to the conventional methods. The proposed method was validated via computational simulation and experimental results.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

大學卒業定員制의 實施에 따른 學生生活 指導方案에 關한 硏究

崔根爀,張忠根,李相祐,張鎭吉,張大熙 충남대학교 1982 學生生活硏究 Vol.10 No.1

Higher education in Korea is faced with a new situation since 1981 when the government implemented a college graduation quota system designed to broaden the opportunities for higher education, alleviate the problem of the students who fail the entrance examination, and improve the quality of college graduates. The change of the system has brought about several serious problems including how to supply enough faculty members, how to provide enough educational facilities, and how to cope with the huge increase in the number of students, 30% more than graduation quota. The greatest single problem resulting from the implementation of college graduation quota system is the psychological and emotional unease aroused among the students, because 30% of those students with unsatisfying results must be banished from college before their graduation. This study aims to find effective measures for student guidance that each of the colleges can implement to help students adjust to the changed circumstances. After objectively investigating the problems from the various educational environments, from the recent students' views of college, and from the psychological and emotional unease arising in them by the fear of failing to graduate from their college because of implementation of the graduation quota system, a survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire composed of 40 questions and by means of personal interviews, 5,903 students, who are influenced by the graduation quota system, attending 19 public and private universities and colleges selected throughout the country. The data obtained from this survey were statistically processed with the help of the C. N. U. Computer Center, and the ratios of the responses to each of the questions were analyzed and calculated according to the distinctions of the total, sex, region, and major. The conclusions that the interrelations among the variant factors from each of the questions which were surveyed, analyzed and arranged have suggested are as follows : 1. The original purpose of graduation quota system should continually be clarified and communicated to all students and a concrete, specialized guidance system should be established to guide the minority of the students (13%) who don't fully understand the basic properties of higher educational institutions. 2. The institutions should provide enough educational facilities and supply enough faculty memebers to solve the problem of accomodating the large numbers of students. At the same time, they should suggest how students should learn positively and effectively to gain an expert knowledge, and how professors should gain public confidence in grade evaluation. Accompanying those measures, the government should develop a good policy to expand and distribute job opportunities to college graduates. 3. The admission quota should be controlled depending on the rate of naturally failed students, and then the students' unease and suppression caused by excessive competition can be relieved. In addition, it is advisable that the banished students should be allowed to transfer to University of the Air without regard to their grades. 4. An education devised to let students have a sound sense and way of thinking should be accompanied by a guidance system which their seniors, parents and society take part in. 5. An atmosphere conducive to sweet and well-rounded friendship among classmates should be created, sound extra-curricular activities should be encouraged and the number of students and adviser professor is in charge of should be lessened to a reasonable number.

Characteristics on condensation heat transfer and pressure drop for a low GWP refrigerant in brazed plate heat exchanger

Shon, Byung Hoon,Jung, Chung Woo,Kwon, Oh Jin,Choi, Chang Kyoung,Tae Kang, Yong Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER - Vol.122 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Refrigerants have been continuously developed to improve their thermal performances and to deal with relevant environmental issues. Recently, regulations on refrigerants are being intensified due to the global warming. To meet the enhanced environmental standards, low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants have been developed. In this study, experimental studies are conducted to investigate the characteristics of condensation heat transfer and frictional pressure drop for R-1233zd(E). The experiments are carried out under partial condensation conditions in a plate heat exchanger to measure temperature, pressure and mass flow rate. Heat transfer coefficients and frictional pressure drops with respect to mean vapor qualities are yielded. During the partial condensation process, the heat transfer coefficients increases as the mass and heat fluxes increase. However, no significant change in frictional pressure drop is observed when the heat flux changes. It is concluded that other correlations for Nusselt number and pressure drop from the literature cannot be applied for the low GWP refrigerant, R-1233zd(E), and the present experimental correlations agree well with the experimental results with the error bands of ±20%.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The condensation heat transfer and pressure drop in PHE with R-1233zd(E) are experimentally tested. </LI> <LI> No significant change in frictional pressure drop is observed when the heat flux changes. </LI> <LI> The present experimental correlations agree well with the experimental results with the error bands of ±20%. </LI> <LI> Other correlations from the literature cannot be applied for the low GWP refrigerant, R-1233zd(E). </LI> </UL> </P>

Endoscopy and Imaging Modalities/Basic Science of Gastrointestinal Disorders/Miscellaneous : Changing Pattern Of Digestive And Liver Disease In Korea, 1990-2006 Year; A Single Center Study

( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Sang Woo Kim ),( In Sik Chung ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Kwan Woo Nam ),( Jung Pil Suh ),( Jae Hyuck Chang ),( Won Haing Hur ),( Yu Kyung Cho ),( Jae Myung Park ),( In Seok Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Westernization in many Asian countries have changed lifestyles and diets, so once rare diseases have now become prevalent. The aim of this study is to investigate the changing pattern of digestive and liver disease in Korea, from 1990 to 2006. Methods: We extracted data specific gastrointestina (GI) disease based on the International Classification of Diseases code from the in-patients records at the Kangnam St. Mary`s Hospital in 1990, 1996 and 2006. This hospital is a tertiary-care hospital in Seoul, Korea, which has a capacity of 800 beds. Results: The admission rate for GI disease increased between 1990 and 2006. Overall in-patients were 1,623 persons in 1990, 2,368 persons in 1996 and 4,166 persons in 2006. The mean age of in-patients increased as time went by. A stomach cancer was the most common diagnosis during all periods, but its prevalence has decreased. Colon cancer ranked the 7th in 1990, but markedly increased and now ranks the second. The third was a hepatocellular carcinoma. The bile duct and gallbladder cancer, pancreas and esophageal cancer ranking followed with little interval change. In cases of cancer patients, a regular admission dramatically increased for chemotherapy. The number of patients admitted with pre-malignant neoplasm of stomach and colon increased remarkably with the development of endoscopy. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel discase, and reflux esophagitis emerged form mid-1990s with greater frequencies, yet much below the levels found in the West. The admission rate for peptic ulcer, especially ulcer bleeding remained relatively stable, despite a decreased rate for ulcer perforation. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis with cholecystitis-cholangitis, appendicitis, hemorrhoid and gastritis all decreased. Conclusions: The stomach cancer is the leading cause of admission, despite a recent decline. Colon cancer showed a marked rise. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel disease and reflux esophagitis were new diagnosis with an increased tendency.

신정부 과학기술정책 방향 모색

홍성주(Sung Joo Hong),이다은(Da Eun Lee),홍창의(Chang Ui Hong),강민지(Min Ji Kang),우청원(Chung Won Woo),강홍렬,전찬미 과학기술정책연구원 2017 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

With the presidential election in 2017 as a momentum, many people in science and engineering and social organizations gave various science and technology policy proposals. Most of them were reflected in each party’s election pledges. The media also covered lots of science and technology policy issues, which mainly included agendas reflecting the voices of the fields of R&D like research autonomy and people-oriented investment. This task aims to understand how the landscape of science and technology policies changed in an era of political change. To achieve this, we pursued to answer three research questions. First, how are we going to look at the vitalization of science and technology policy issues that occurred in the presidential election and its results? Second, what was it like in the past? Did the previous governments faithfully carry out their science and technology pledges in their science and technology policies? Third, what is the blind spot of policies that failed to attract attention or became a dilemma despite the change in science and technology policies? In order to answer these questions, the research team analyzed the way of establishing the window for science and technology policies during the presidential election in 2017, while also looked at the path taken for science and technology pledges to be implemented as policies during the past 15 years after the Rho Moo Hyun Government. The analysis results showed that we need to take largely four different approaches to science and technology issues. From the medium and long term perspective, it can be divided into issues that need access, issues that need enhancement, issues that need to gain political interests and issues that need to improve rationality. The research team’s results presented important perspective and methodology of looking at science and technology policy by not only being applied as a standard and means, but also provided a framework for devising various methods and means by policy issue. Hopefully, our researches are helpful in the planning and implementation of science and technology policy by the new government, which will be inaugurated in May 2017.

수리적 간극변화를 고려한 수리적 굴착손상영역의 정의에 관한 연구

박종성,류창하,이정인,류동우,Park, Jong-Sung,Ryu, Chang-Ha,Lee, Chung-In,Ryu, Dong-Woo 한국터널지하공간학회 2007 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.9 No.2

굴착손상영역(EDZ)은 굴착으로 인해 현지 암반이 역학적으로 손상을 입게 되어 응력상태, 변위상태, 암반의 안정성, 지하수의 흐름상태 등에 변화가 일어나는 영역을 의미한다. EDZ의 역학적 특성과 관련한 많은 연구들이 수행되었지만, EDZ에서의 지하수 유동 특성에 관한 연구는 아직 부족한 수준이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 굴착으로 인해 굴착면 주변의 수리적 간극이 늘어나는 영역을 산정하여 '수리적 굴착손상영역'이라 정의하고 이를 위해 수리-역학적 상호작용(coupling)해석을 수행하였다. 이는 개별 불연속면 망의 생성을 통한 역학적, 수리적 변화의 모사가 가능한 개별요소법(discrete element method; DEM)을 이용하여 수행하였다. 이를 통해 EDZ에서 지하수의 흐름에 영향을 미치는 각종 조건들(불연속면의 간극, 불연속면 군의 방향, 불연속면 군의 길이, 불연속면의 각도 등)의 변화와, 응력분포, 지하수의 유동 등으로 인해 수리적 간극 값이 어떻게 변화하는지를 파악하였다. 이 결과를 토대로 수리적 간극이 커지는 영역, 수리적 EDZ를 공동 주변의 불연속면 방향에 수직 방향으로 존재하는 타원형의 형태로 모델링 하였다. The excavation damaged zone (EDZ) is an area around an excavation where in situ rock mass properties, stress condition, displacement, groundwater flow conditions have been altered due to the processes induced by the excavation. Various studies have been carried out on EDZ, but most studies have focused on the mechanical bahavior of EDZ by in situ experiment. Even though the EDZ could potentially form a high permeable pathway of groundwater flow, only a few studies were performed on the analysis of groundwater flow in EDZ. In this study, the 'hydraulic EDZ' was defined as the rock zone adjacent to the excavation where the hydraulic aperture has been changed due to the excavation by using H-M coupling analysis. Fundamental principles of distinct element method (DEM) were used in the analysis. In the same groundwater level, the behavior of hydraulic aperture near the cavern was analyzed for different stress ratios, initial apertures, fracture angles and fracture spacings by using a two-dimensional DEM program. We evaluate the excavation induced hydraulic aperture change. Using the results of the study, hydraulic EDZ was defined as an elliptical shape model perpendicular to the joint.

土中施液機의 開發에 關한 연구

鄭昌柱,鄭夏禹 서울大學校 農科大學 1977 서울대농학연구지 Vol.2 No.1

This study was undertaken to develop a new subsoil liquid injector applicable to a muddy soil and to compare with that developed by the International Rice Research Institute. To improve the mobility and operational stability, three different pilot liquid injectors were designed and manufactured. These were the single-rotation-disk-float type, double-rotating-disk type, and double-rotating-disk-float type, which are shown in Photo 2 through 4. According to the comparative tests, it was shown that the single-rotating-disk-float type and double-rotating-disk type did not have a enough flotation, which resulted in the decreased mobility. The double-rotation-disk-float type may be in practical use because of its best performance on mobitity and operational stability compared to the other types developed and the float type developed by the IRRI.

구속된 비행 청소년들의 특성 및 석방 후 6개월간 재범여부와 관련된 변인

정선주,김원식,고승희,구영진,김홍창,서동혁 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1999 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.10 No.2

경유돌공 부위에서 전기신경자극기를 이용한 안면경련 환자의 치료

정창우,민진혜,이규탁 관동대학교 의과학연구소 2000 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.4 No.1

Facial spasm is the most common in middle aged women, which is a distressing condition characterized by involuntary, intermittent, unilateral twitching of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve. There are various treatments for facial spam, such as neurovascular decompression, local injection of botulinum, facial nerve compression at stylomastoid foramen and facial nerve block with O'Brien method. There are the same clinical problems associated with the reported procedure in pain clinic, such as severe pain and recurrence of spasm. In this paper, we report the modified facial nerve block using electric nerve stimulator at the stylomastoid foramen. This new technique will be able to reduce the pain and the discomfort during facial nerve block, and reduced the recurrence of facial spasm.