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Knockdown of vps54 aggravates tamoxifen-induced cytotoxicity in fission yeast
Lee, Sol,Nam, Miyoung,Lee, Ah-Reum,Baek, Seung-Tae,Kim, Min Jung,Kim, Ju Seong,Kong, Andrew Hyunsoo,Lee, Minho,Lee, Sook-Jeong,Kim, Seon-Young,Kim, Dong-Uk,Hoe, Kwang-Lae Korea Genome Organization 2021 Genomics & informatics Vol.19 No.4
Tamoxifen (TAM) is an anticancer drug used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. However, its ER-independent cytotoxic and antifungal activities have prompted debates on its mechanism of action. To achieve a better understanding of the ER-independent antifungal action mechanisms of TAM, we systematically identified TAM-sensitive genes through microarray screening of the heterozygous gene deletion library in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). Secondary confirmation was followed by a spotting assay, finally yielding 13 TAM-sensitive genes under the drug-induced haploinsufficient condition. For these 13 TAM-sensitive genes, we conducted a comparative analysis of their Gene Ontology (GO) 'biological process' terms identified from other genome-wide screenings of the budding yeast deletion library and the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. Several TAM-sensitive genes overlapped between the yeast strains and MCF7 in GO terms including 'cell cycle' (cdc2, rik1, pas1, and leo1), 'signaling' (sck2, oga1, and cki3), and 'vesicle-mediated transport' (SPCC126.08c, vps54, sec72, and tvp15), suggesting their roles in the ER-independent cytotoxic effects of TAM. We recently reported that the cki3 gene with the 'signaling' GO term was related to the ER-independent antifungal action mechanisms of TAM in yeast. In this study, we report that haploinsufficiency of the essential vps54 gene, which encodes the GARP complex subunit, significantly aggravated TAM sensitivity and led to an enlarged vesicle structure in comparison with the SP286 control strain. These results strongly suggest that the vesicle-mediated transport process might be another action mechanism of the ER-independent antifungal or cytotoxic effects of TAM.
Comparison of frictional forces on graphene and graphite
Lee, Hyunsoo,Lee, Naesung,Seo, Yongho,Eom, Jonghwa,Lee, SangWook IOP Pub 2009 Nanotechnology Vol.20 No.32
<P>We report on the frictional force between an SiN tip and graphene/graphite surfaces using lateral force microscopy. The cantilever we have used was made of an SiN membrane and has a low stiffness of 0.006 N m<SUP>−1</SUP>. We prepared graphene flakes on a Si wafer covered with silicon oxides. The frictional force on graphene was smaller than that on the Si oxide and larger than that on graphite (multilayer of graphene). Force spectroscopy was also employed to study the van der Waals force between the graphene and the tip. Judging that the van der Waals force was also in graphite–graphene–silicon oxide order, the friction is suspected to be related to the van der Waals interactions. As the normal force acting on the surface was much weaker than the attractive force, such as the van der Waals force, the friction was independent of the normal force strength. The velocity dependency of the friction showed a logarithmic behavior which was attributed to the thermally activated stick-slip effect. </P>
나노다이아몬드를 첨가한 오일의 트라이볼로지 특성 및 이에 미치는 표면 경도의 영향
이규선(Gyu-Sun Lee),김현수(HyunSoo Kim),이정훈(Jeonghoon Lee),박태희(Tae Hee Park),이정석(Jung Suk Lee),이영제(Young-Ze Lee) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2011 한국윤활학회지(윤활학회지) Vol.27 No.6
Nanodiamond was dispersed in paraffin liquid oil to investigate the effects of nanodiamond at the marginally lubricated condition. Scuffing test and immediate loading sliding wear test were conducted using the fabricated nanodiamond oil. As a result, dispersion of nanodiamond in oil leads to increase in scuffing life, and nanodiamond contents affects the scuffing life. In case of immediate loading sliding wear test, the result was different according to hardness of specimen. If hardness of specimen was low, abrasion of nanodiamond occurred actively. If hardness of specimen was increased, however, nanodiamond can act as a spacer or rolling between contacting surfaces.