정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

유전성대사질환의 유전자치료

윤혜란,정성철 덕성여자대학교 약학연구소 2006 藥學論文誌 Vol.17 No.-

Inherited metabolic disease, inborn errors of metabolism is a group of genetic diseases defect in the metabolic pathways. Alterations in metabolic pathways are usually caused by defect of enzymes in the process. Generally, inherited metabolic diseases show heterogenous clinical features and symptoms may differ between siblings and families. Excess accumulation of precusors and their toxic derivatives in target tissues result in organ failures, such as central nervous system involvement and hepato-splenomegaly. Therapeutic starategies for inherited metabolic disease, including bone marrow transplantation, enzyme replacement therapy, and diet restriction, have been developed with some positive outcomes. However, these treatments could not be an ultimate therapeutic syarategy, their effects are temporary and give a burden to patients and their families economically and psychologically. Gene therapy can be a best choice for the treatment of inherited metabolic disease. Gene therapy involves the placement of missing genes into particular tissues by the harnessing of suitable vectors (originally these were animal viruses such as adenovirus). For example, gene therapy in the rat for diabetes has succeeded by liver-production of insulin (using genes obtained from pancreatic Islets of Langerhans cells). Many inborn errors of metabolism could be treated in this way: examples may include 100 haemoglobinopathies (such as sickle cell anaemia), phenylketonuria (PKU) etc. Here we present examples of gene therapy progress for Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, PKU, and MPS 1 (Hurlers syndrome) caused by lack of tissue-production of a particular enzyme (in its catalytically-active conformation).

집단정신치료의 내용과 과정

윤성철,이후경 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate important therapeutic factors in encounter group and compare these therapeutic factors with those in long-term outpatient group psychotherapy, to understand the content and process in real cases for facilitation of interpersonal learning which is important for long-term outpatient group psychotherapy, and to acquire basic data of long-term outpatient group psychotherapy on the basis of this understanding. Methods : The subject was 7 encounter groups, composed of 41 persons. We used short from of Yalom's Q-sort to find important therapeutic factors in encounter group. We selected 2 cases for analying the process and content in these cases. Results : Three of the most important therpeutic factors were existential factors', 'self understanding', and 'interpersonal learning(input)'. Conclusion : We suggest that interpersonal learning is the most important therapeutic factor in encounter group.

열대 지역에서 통일형 초다수성 벼 품종의 생육 및 수량성 비교

이지윤,준현,성환,손영보,송유천,한상익,박동수,권영업,이철원,이종희 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

드레인 전류 잡음원만을 고려한 스케일링이 가능한 바이어스 의존 P-HEMT 잡음모델

윤경식,이창석,맹성재,이진희,박철순 대전산업대학교 반도체기술연구소 1999 半導體技術硏究所報 Vol.1 No.-

게이트 길이가 0.2㎛인 P-HEMT에 대하여 드레인 바이어스 전류의 변화 및 게이트 폭에 대해 스케일링이 가능한 잡음모델을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 S-파라미터를 정확히 예측하기 위하여 x를 제외한 intrinsic 파라미터는 offset를 도입하여 정규화 한 후 스케일링을 하였다. 드레인 포화전류에 대한 드레인 전류의 비율과 게이트 폭을 변수로 하는 소신호 모델 파라미터의 맞춤함수를 구하였다. 또한, 잡음 파라미터를 정확히 예측하기 위하여 진성저항 잡음 온도 T_g, 게이트 단 전류 잡음원 등가잡음 컨덕턴스 G_ni 드레인 단 전류 잡음원 등가잡음 컨덕턴스 G_no를 잡음 모델정수로 사용하여 그 값을 추출하여 스케일링 하였다. 잡음 온도 T_g는 드레인 전류와 게이트 폭에 거의 추출되었다. 그러므로, G_no만을 잡음 모델정수로 하는 잡음모델과 T_g, G_ni, G_no를 잡음 모델정수로 하는 잡음모델을 측정값과 비교하여 본 결과 G_no만을 갖는 잡음모델도 측정된 잡음 파라미터와 잘 일치하였다. 따라서, 모델 정수 추출이 간단한 G_no 만을 갖는 잡음모델은 게이트 폭과 바이어스 전류에 대해 스케일링이 가능한 실용적인 잡음모델임을 확인하였다. Bias-dependent noise models of 0.2㎛ gate length P-HEMT's which are scalable with gate width are proposed. To predict S-parameters of the P-HEMT's the intrinsic parameters except for x subtracted the offsets introduced in this paper are normalized to the gate width and then scaled. The small-signal model parameters are expressed as fitting functions of the drain current to I_dss ratio and gate width. In addition, to estimate accurately noise parameters the noise temperature T_g of the intrinsic resistance, the equivalent noise conductance G_ni of the gate current noise source, and the equivalent noise conductance G_no of the drain current noise source are adopted as the noise model parameters. The extracted values of T_g are nearly independent of drain current and gate width and their average is arou

퍼머제의 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

윤복연,문덕환,박명희,황용식,함성애,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : This study was conducted to prepare the fundamental data on heavy metal concentration in hair permanents agents and to prevent the health impairment due to heavy metal. Methods and Material : The author determined of 5 heavy metals(Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cu) concentration hair permanent agents in the market with flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results : The results were as follows: 1. The geometic mean concentrations of total subjects were 0.04㎍/g for Pb, 0.09㎍/g for Cr, 0.06㎍/g for Mn, 0.03㎍/g for Ni, and 0.04㎍/g for Cu. 2. The most highest mean concentrations of heavy metals in hair permanent agents by using type were Cr for wave agent and straight cream agent, Cu for setting iron agent, Cr and Cu for coating perm agent. 3. Metal most hlghest mean concentrations of heavy in hair permanent agents by type of color was green for Cu. 4. The mean concentration of Cu among 5 heavy metals in hair permanent agents by marker was most highest. 5. There was most statistically significant difference on mean concentration in hair permanent agents between domestic and foreign products. 6. The exposure amount of heavy metal concentration by one time using the permanent agent were 4.O㎍ for Pb, 9.O㎍ for Cr, 6.0㎍ for Mn, 3.O㎍ for Ni and 4.0㎍ for Cu. Conclusion : As above results author suggest to prepare the preventive program of health impairment due to heavy metal by long term chronic exposure to who were using the hair permanent agents hair designer and customers.

수산화세륨(Ⅲ)으로부터 질산암모늄세륨(Ⅳ)의 제조

윤호성,김철주,이진영,김성돈,김준수,유승준 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.3

본 연구에서는 수산화세륨으로부터 질산세륨 용액 제조 후 질산암모늄 첨가에 의한 질산암모늄세륨 제조시, 출발용액의 산도와 농도 그리고 질산암모늄 첨가량, 반응온도 및 반응시간이 질산암모늄세륨 합성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였으며, XRD, SEM 그리고 TGA 분석을 통하여 결정의 형태 및 구조에 대한 고찰을 수행하였다. 4가의 수산화세륨을 질산에 용해한 질산세륨(Ⅳ)수용액으로부터 질산암모늄 첨가에 의한 질산암모늄세륨 제조시 회수율을 고려한 최적 합성조건은 출발물질의 세륨 농도 70-100g/l, 출발용액의 산도 7 mol/l, 질산암모늄 첨가량 2.5당량, 감압·가열온도 65℃ 및 반응시간 15-30min.이었으며, 제조된 질산암모늄세륨의 결정 화학식은 (NH_4)_2[Ce(NO_3)_6) · ×H_2O(x=6-8)인 것을 알 수 있었다. Synthetic process of ammonium cerium nitrate from cerium hydroxide was presented and influences of concentration and acidity of starting solution, addition quantity of ammonium nitrate, reaction temperature, reaction time on the yield of ammonium cerium nitrate are discussed. The shape and composition of crystal were determined by SEM, thermogravimetry differential thermal, x-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. The optimum synthesizing conditions of ammonium cerium nitrate were discribed as follows; rare earth concentration of starting solution 70-100 g/l. acidity of starting solution 7 mol/l, addition quantity of ammonium nitrate 2-3 equivalent, the condition of rotary evaporation 65℃ and reaction time 15-30 min. It was also known that the chemical formulae of ammonium cerium nitrate was (NH_4)_2[Ce(NO_3)_6] ·×H_2O(x=6-8) from TGA.

부산시 상업중심지의 공간적 분포특성

윤철현,이상현,박봉진 동아대학교 건설기술연구소 2000 硏究報告 Vol.24 No.2

Spatial distribution of centeral places in one of key factors to find out internal structure of the city. However, there has not been, still now, even basic study or survey on the commercial centers in Pusan. Thus, this paper has the purpose to discover the spatial structure of the commercial centers of Pusan. For that, this paper has defined functions by the statistical data of 1981 and 1998 and has made Z-score by functions. As a result, enormous change has been discovered in the spatial distribution as well as hierachy of the commercial centers of Pusan between early '80s and late '90s, according to Z-score>1.

집단정신치료와 싸이코드라마

윤성철,이후경 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.2

In this paper, first of all we compared psychoanalysis with psychodrama by a historical point of view. Next, we reviewed group psychotherapy generally and considered the position of psychodrama through the comparison with various types of group psychotherapy. On the basis of this consideration, we compared Yalom's group psychotherapy as a typical type of group psychotherapy with psychodrama. Lastly, we discussed the application of group psychotherapy and psychodrama to each other. Psychoanalysis, psychodrama, and group psychotherapy developed separately at similar times in different fields. Finally, these three fields met with one another in the field of psychiatry. Each of these three fields changed itself as a result of absorbing various things from one another. Therefore, nowadays these fields became to have a close relation with one another. Psychodrama is in a position as a type of group psychotherapies, so it is important to understand group psychotherapy generally for understanding psychodrama. Psychodrama has similar aspects to other group psychotherapies, but also has different aspects from other group psychotherapies. When we understand these aspects, we can conduct therapeutic works effectively in practice. Psychodrama's methods can be applied to group psychotherapy and group psychotherapy's theories can applied to psychodrama. When psychodrama and group psychotherapy takes good points from the other side they can make progress.

Cu/Kieselguhr 觸媒에 依한 Acrylonitrile의 水和反應에 關한 硏究

尹奇俊,姜喆象 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1990 論文集 Vol.41 No.2

Catalytic hydration of acrylonitrle over Cu/kieselguhr catalysts was studied at 343K. The catalysts with varying Cu loadings were prepared by the precipitation method using NaOH and K_2CO_3 solutions as the precipitants. The active surface areas were measured by O_2 chemisorption at 77K in order to determine the areal reaction rate constants. Some effects of the precipitant and the Cu loading were investigated. The results were as follows : (1) Only acrylamide was produced over the catalysts prepared using NaOH, whereas ethylene cyanohydrin was also produced over the catalyst prepared using K_2CO_3. (2) The reaction rate for the production of acrylamide was first order with respect to the concentration of acrylonitrile. (3) The areal reaction rate constant. for the catalysts prepared using NaOH decreased significantly with decreasing Cu loading. The constant at 343K for the catalyst having 50% Cu loading was 2.83 x 10 wxp(-6)l/㎡. min.