간세포암의 고주파 열치료 후 천자침 경로를 통한 전이 1례

조영완,박석주,진한영,김준영,이재익,강명주,박정하,윤정희,박성재,지삼룡,이연재,이상혁,설상영 인제대학교 2006 仁濟醫學 Vol.27 No.-

Radiofrequency ablation(RFA), as a form of minimally invasive therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, has become an important treatment modality. Because of limitation of surgery, RFA has become standard therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in some situations. But there are some complications of RFA such as bleeding, infection, hematoma, adjacent organ thermal damage including intestinal perforation, needle track seeding, and so on. There are few reports in the literature that systematically evaluate the incidence of needle tract seeding and its associated risk factors. And only 2 cases of needle tract seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma after RFA were reported in Korea. We report a case of needle tract seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma after RFA.

암남공원의 식물상과 삼림식생에 관한 연구

남정칠,박승범,김승환,강영조,이기철,이정아 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.1

The objective of this study is to analyze the flora and forest vegetation of Amnam urban natural Park. 10 transects of quadrat of 10×10m were selected for the experiment. They were surveyed from January to October 1997. The obtained results were summerized as follows ; 1. The flora of plants distributed in Amnam Park was 88 families, 245 genus, 374 species. Dicotyledom in an angiosperm was 81.3% of total percentage was 73 families, 194 genus, 304 species, Monocotyledonous plant was 13.9% of total percentage was 7 families, 38 genus, 52 species, Gymnospermous plant was 2.1% of total percentage was 4 families, 5 genus, 8 species. Pteridophyta was 2.4% of total percentage was 3 families. 7 genus, 9 species, Shave grass was 0.3% of total percentage was 1 family, 1 genus, 1 species. 2. The representative wood plants of Amnam Park were Pinus thunbergii, Machilus thunbergii, Camellia japonica, Quercus spp., Celtis sinensis, Morus bombysis, Prunus sangentii, Sorbus alnifolia, Albizzia julibrissin, Juniperus rigida, Platycaya strobilacea, Lespedeza spp., Zanthoxylum piperitum, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Rhus spp., Carpinus coreana, Mallotus japonicus. Ficus erecta, Pittosporum tobira, Eurya japonica. Elaeagnus macrophylla. 3. The area of plant community in Amnam Park was 84.29% in Pinus thunbergii community. 6.7% in Quercus dentata-Celtis sinensis community, 1.5% in Pittosporum tobira-Eurya japonica community, 1.4% in Quercus aliena-Prunus sargentii community, 1.29% in Pinus thunbergii-Pittosporum tobira community, 1.27% in Pinus thunbergii-Eurya japonica community.

Nanogenerators: Fully Rollable Transparent Nanogenerators Based on Graphene Electrodes (Adv. Mater. 19/2010)

Choi, Dukhyun,Choi, Min-Yeol,Choi, Won Mook,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Park, Hyun-Kyu,Seo, Ju-Seok,Park, Jongbong,Yoon, Seon-Mi,Chae, Seung Jin,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Jo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.22 No.19

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>The cover shows an image of fully rollable transparent nanogenerators synthesized using chemical vapor deposition grown large-scale graphene sheets as transparent electrodes and piezoelectric ZnO nanorod arrays. Sang-Woo Kim, Jae-Young Choi, and co-workers report on p. 2187 the electrical and structural stability of the nanogenerators, with excellent charge scavenging performance under external mechanical loads such as bending and rolling. This study shows that graphene-based nanogenerators are very promising for self-powered rollable transparent device applications. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content'> </P>

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

퇴원한 정신분열병 환자의 외래 통원 치료에 미치는 요인

박기국,원승희,김상헌,김휘동,강병조 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.2

목적 : 저자는 외래 통원 치료를 지속적으로 받는 환자들과 중단한 환자들의 현황을 조사 비교했다. 그리고 외래 통원 치료를 지속적으로 받는 환자들 중 투약 약물 종류에 따른 치료 순응도에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 변인들을 비교했다. 연구 대상과 방법 : 첫 번째 1997년 4월 1일부터 1998년 4월 30일 동안 퇴원한 정신분열병 환자 140명을 대상으로 자료를 조사한 후 분석했다. 두 번째 1998년 5월 18일부터 1998년 6월 17일까지 한달 동안 외래를 방문한 후 순응도 요인에 관한 설문지의 항목을 작성한 46명 환자의 자료를 분석했다. 결과 : 외래 통원 치료를 지속적으로 받는 환자군과 통원 치료를 중단한 환자군을 비교했을 때, 성별, 연령, 교육 수준, 결혼 여부, 직업, 종교, 정신분열병 아형, 발병 연령, 유병 기간, 입원 횟수, 복용 약물들의 하루 총복용 횟수에서 통계학적으로 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 퇴원 당시 clozapine을 투약했던 환자들에서 외래 치료지속율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 외래 통원 치료를 받는 환자들의 투약 약물 종류군에 따라 경제적 곤란도, 교육 수준, 유병 기간, 입원 횟수에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 약물 종류군(clozapine, risperidone, typical anti-psychotics)에 따라 경제 상태, 향후 기대 치료 기간, 약물에 대한 인식도, 약물 효과에 대한 기대, 현재 약의 부작용, 약물의 부작용 경험도, 성별, 연령, 결혼 여부, 직업, 종교, 정신분열병 아형, 발병 연령, 1일 약물 복용 총 횟수의 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 클로자핀 약물을 투약한 환자들이 다른 종류의 항정신병 약물 투약 환자들에 비해 외래 통원 치료를 지속적으로 받는 비율이 높았다. Objectives : The authors compared the status of discharged schizophrenics between who are continuously followed and who are not in the treatment. Also we compared compliance factors among administered drug groups of the follow-up schizophrenics. Methods : First, we surveyed and analysed one hundred-four schizophrenics after discharge. Second, we analysed the questionnaires which were written by the forty-six follow-up patients who were asked about compliance factors. Results : There were no significant differences between patients who are continuously follow-up and who are not in the treatment on sex, age, educational level, marriage, occupation, religion, subtypes of schizophrenia, age of onset, duration of illness, admission rate, and complexity of drug administration methods Clozapine administered group had higher follow-up rate than that of other antipsychotics(rispendone and typical antipsychotics) administered groups among the discharged schizophrenics. Among the follow-up patients, there were significant differences between atypical antipsychotics patients and typical antipsychotics patients on economic difficulty, educational level, duration of illness, admission rate. There were no significant differences on the other of demographic and psychiatric characteristics. Conclusion : Clozapine administered group had higher follow-up rate than that of ther antipsychotics administered groups among the discharged schizophrenics.

분산모델을 이용한 진동 공급기내에서 고체 입자 혼합특성

朴相瓚,趙炳烈 충주대 2000 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.35 No.2

This work has been carried out to study the mixing characteristics of solid in vibrating feeder by dispersion model.The experimental variables were particle size, particle densities, vibration amplitude and vibration frequency etc.The system consisted of two particles such that fine particles were located on the top of the coarse particles before vibratory mixing had started.It was found from this study that dispersion model can effectively explain the mixing characteristics of solid in vibrating feeder.

佛蘭西 商事會社法上 監事의 法的 地位에 관한 小考

朴相祚 청주대학교 사회과학연구소 1984 한국사회과학연구 Vol.2 No.-

Le commissariat aux comptes constitute l'un descaspects essentiels de La re´forme des socie´te´s commerciales. En effect, la loi du 24 Juillet 1966 met en oevre deux principes assez nouveaux en droit francais. Tout d'abord, Le contro^le tend a` devenir ge´ne´ral, c'est-a`-dire qu'il aboutit non seulement a`ne certification des comptes mais a`une ve´rication de la re´gulaite´de l'ensemble de la vue sociale. A la limite, bien que ce point ne soit pas encore atteint, le commissaire deviendra la 《conscience morale》 des dirigeants et donnera son avis sur toutes les questions inte´ressant la socie´te, sauf la gestion. Ce n'est donc pas sans paradoxe qu'au moment me´me ou´ elle e´largit la mission des commissires, la loi 24 juillet 1966 leur confe´re officiellement le titre rescrictif de 《commissaires aux comptes》, alors que les textes anciens visaient les 《commissaires》 tout court (L. 24 juil, 1867, art. 32 et 33). En second lieu, la re´forme de 1966 et les textes subse´quents s'orientent vers une conception unitaire du contro^le, la le´gislateur abandonne la distinction des commissaires agrees, exerc¸ant dans les socie´te´s faisant publiquement appel a` l'e´parne, et des commissaires ordinaires. Sourtout it e´tablit un droit commun : le contro^le dans les socie´te´s anonymes, regi par les articles 218 a` 235 de la loi du 24 juillet 1966. 11 s'efforce d'y renvoyer, chaque fois que cela est possible, pour le contro^le des antres personnes morales. De me^me le statut du commissaire ne de´pend, en principe, ni de son mode de de´signatin ni de sa qualite´ de personne physique ou de socie´te´.

議決權 代理行使와 會社支配

朴相祚 淸州大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.11 No.1

광CDMA를 이용한 ATM기반 PON 에서의 동시 접속 ONU 수와 수신 SNR 특성 해석

박상조 서원대학교 응용과학연구소 2001 응용과학연구 Vol.10 No.1

In this paper, we propose the fiber-optic asynchronous subscriber access system for the ATM-based PON(Passive Optical Network) using the optical CDMA method with spatial filters composed of diffraction gratings, lenses and a phase mask. We theoretically analyze the SINR and the BER of regenerated data at the OLT(Optical Line Termination). It is found that the PN(Pseudo random Noise) codes besides the optical orthogonal codes can be applied by suppressing the MAI(Multiple Access Interference), thus the number of distinct code sequences assigned to ONUs is improved. As the number of ONU(Optical Network Unit)s increases, ther are a lot of optical losses in the optical fiber link owing to optical couplers and the BER is deteriorated as the peak transmitted optical power decreases. Thus the optical CDMA is a scheme of the effective multiple methods for the ATM-based PON because of its synchronous access and the code multiplexing by inserting an optical amplifier between the ONU and the OLT.

결핵균 30 kDa항원과 Interleukin-2 혹은 Anti-CD28의 병합이 건강인 말초혈액 림프구와 단핵구 증식에 미치는 영향

박정규,윤상호,조은경,김화중,백태현 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

Cell-mediated immunity is necessary for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. T lymphocytes are thought to play a central role in cell-mediated immune response. And in vitro stimulation of leukocytes with mycobactria or their products induces synthesis and release of several cytokines, including IL-2. To study the T lymphocyte proliferative response to purified 30 kDa antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, IL-2 or their combination, peripheral blood lymphocytes and mononuclear cells isolated from healthy subjects were stimulated with the 30 kDa antigen, IL-2 or both. The proliferations of lymphocytes and molnonuclear cells to 30 kDa or 30/32 kDa antigen were significantly increased in PPD(+) group when compared to those in PPD(-) group. It is confirmed here that have shown synergy between 30 kDa antigen and IL-2(250U) in the induction of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells proliferation in PPD(+) group. The proliferative response reflects synergy between two separate activation stimuli. And macrophage-like cells existed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were shown to help the synergy of the proliferative response to mycobacterial antigen and IL-2. The proliferative responses of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells to 30 kDa antigen were more increased than those to 30/32 kDa antigen. So it was suggested that 30 kDa antigen was the more immunogenic antigen than 30/32 kDa antigen.