대학 교양으로서 일반생물학 수업에서 ‘기후 변화’ 교육

박돈하(Don Ha Park),장수철(Soo Chul Chang) 목원대학교 교양교육혁신연구센터 2024 지식과 교양 Vol.- No.14

기후변화는 인류 모두가 풀어야 할 급하고도 중요한 과제이다. 그래서 대학 교육, 특히 교양교육에서 기후변화 교육을 수행해야 함은 이론의 여지 없이 너무도 당연하다. 본 연구는 생물학에서 가능한 ‘기후변화’ 교육을 모색하였다. 이를 위해 교양교육 과정의 일반생물학 교과 내용을 분석하였고 수도권과 지방의 국공립과 사립 대학이 개설한 교양생물학 교과 주제를 조사, 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 지구 기후 이해를 위한 원리와 개념을 제공하는 생태학 교육은 매우 중요하므로 교양 교과로서 일반생물학 수업은 원칙적으로 반드시 교과 과정에 생태학 단원을 포함하여야 한다는 결론에 이르렀다. 그런데 대학들의 교과 주제를 분석한 결과, 대부분 대학은 일반생물학 교과목에 이 단원을 포함하지 않았다. 이에 대한 대책으로, 생태학 단원 전체를 한 학기 또는 두 학기 교과 과정에 포함하지 못하더라도 기후변화에 관련된 5~6 주제를 다른 단원에 연결하여 수업을 진행할 수 있을 것이다. 또는 몇몇 대학처럼 생태학 교과목을 따로 개설할 필요가 있다. 또는 기후변화를 포함하는 다른 과학 교과목을 개설할 수도 있다. 다만, 이 경우 학생들의 교과목 수강 지도가 필요한데, 수강 지도를 담당하는 교원을 위한 기후변화 교육이 필요한 점은 과제로 남게 된다. 더불어 생물학뿐만이 아닌 자연과학과 인문사회과학을 포함한 여러 교양교육 교과들이 이러한 시도를 함으로써 기후변화라는 과제를 푸는 데에 도움을 제공하여야 한다. 더불어 교양기초교육원에서 제정한 ‘교양기초교육의 목적’에 기후변화에 관한 내용을 추가할 것을 제안한다. Climate change is an urgent and important problem that all humanity must solve. Therefore, it is indisputable that climate change education should be provided in universities, especially as part of liberal education. This study explored possible climate change education in biology. For this purpose, we analyzed the contents of the general biology curriculum in the general education curriculum and investigated and analyzed the topics of the general biology curriculum offered by public and private universities in the metropolitan area and local regions. As a result we came to the conclusion that general biology classes as a liberal arts subject must, in principle, include an ecology unit in the curriculum. However, most universities in Korea do not include this unit in their general biology curriculum. As a countermeasure, even if the entire ecology unit cannot be included in the curriculum for one or two semesters, the class can connect five to six topics related to climate change to other units. Otherwise, like some universities, there is a need to open a separate ecology course. Alternatively, other science courses that include climate change could be offered. In this case, though, guidance is needed for students to take the courses, and the need for climate change education for teachers in charge of course guidance remains an issue. In addition, various other liberal arts education subjects, including not only biology but also natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences, should also make such attempts to help solve the problem of climate change. Moreover, we propose adding content on climate change to the ‘Purpose of Liberal Education’ statement established by the Korea National Institute for General Education.

연구논문 : 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화의 다양한 비침습 혈청표지자검사의 비교

김선민 ( Sun Min Kim ),손주현 ( Joo Hyun Sohn ),김태엽 ( Tae Yeob Kim ),노영욱 ( Young Wook Roh ),은창수 ( Chang Soo Eun ),전용철 ( Yong Cheol Jeon ),한동수 ( Dong Soo Han ),오영하 ( Young Ha Oh ) 대한간학회 2009 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.15 No.4

목적: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 병의 경과와 예후를 평가하고 치료반응을 예측함에 있어 간섬유화의 진단은 중요하다. 최근 간섬유화 평가에 표준방법이지만 침습적 간생검을 대신하여 여러 가지 비침습적 진단법이 이용되고 있고, 또한 새로운 검사법들이 개발되고 있다. 저자들은 만성 B형 및 C형간염 환자를 대상으로 임상에서 광범위하게 흔히 시행하는 혈액검사와 임상 소견을 이용한 아래와 같은 진단법들만으로 간섬유화를 얼마나 정확하게 평가할 수 있는지 알아보고, 단일 검사로 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 유용하다고 알려져 있는 hyaluronic acid(HA)와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 그 임상적 유용성을 평가하였다. 대상과 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2007년 2월까지 만성 바이러스간 질환으로 간생검을 시행받은 225명의 환자(HBV 180명, HCV 43명, HBV+HCV 2명)를 대상으로 분석하였다. 간생검을 시행하는 날에 말초혈액검사, 혈액응고검사, 혈청생화학검사를 시행하고, 혈중 HA, IV형 콜라겐 농도를 측정하였다. 간섬유화의 정도는 F0(섬유화가 없음), F1(문맥역 섬유화), F2(문맥주변부 섬유화), F3(섬유성 격막) 및 F4(간경변증)의 4단계로 구분하였다. 대상 환자를 F0-1, F2-4 혹은 F0-2, F3-4의 두 집단으로 분류하여 두 집단을 구분하고자 할 때 AAR(AST/ALT ratio), API(age-platelet index), APRI(AST to platelet index), CDS(cirrhosis discriminant score), platelet count, HA, IV형 콜라겐의 예측능을 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)값을 이용하여 비교하였다. 결과: 대상환자의 섬유화의 단계는 F0 집단은 17명, F1 집단은 40명, F2 집단은 61명, F3 집단은 74명, F4 집단은 33명이었다. 의미 있는 간섬유화를 F2 이상으로 판단할 때, 의미 있는 섬유화의 예측에 대한 AUROC 값은 APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, API=0.756, HA=0.749, IV형 콜라겐=0.718, AAR=0.642 순이었고, F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화 예측에 대한 AUROC값은 CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, API=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, IV형 콜라겐=0.697, APRI=0.691 순으로 관찰되었다. 결론: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 임상 소견 및 혈액검사를 이용한 방법들이 비침습적 진단법 중 단독 검사로도 유용한 것으로 알려져 있는 혈중 HA와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 우월하거나 대등하였다. 특히 APRI는 다른 인자들에 비해 F2 이상의 의미 있는 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였고, CDS는 F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였다. Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical performances of noninvasive serum markers for the prediction of liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. Methods: We analyzed a total of 225 patients with chronic viral liver diseases (180 with hepatitis B virus, 43 with hepatitis C virus, and 2 with hepatitis B+C virus) who underwent a liver biopsy procedure at the Hanyang University Guri Hospital between March 2002 and February 2007. Serum was also obtained at the time of liver biopsy. Liver fibrosis was staged according to the scoring system proposed by the Korean Study Group for the Pathology of Digestive Diseases. Various noninvasive serum markers were evaluated, including the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), age-platelet (AP) index, AST/platelet ratio index (APRI), cirrhosis discriminant score (CDS), platelet count, hyaluronic acid (HA), and type IV collagen. Results: There were 17, 40, 61, 74, and 33 patients at stages F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracies of each marker, as determined by the area under receiver operating characteristics curves, were APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, AP index=0.756, HA=0.749, type IV collagen=0.718, and AAR=0.642 for predicting significant fibrosis (≥F2); and CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, AP index=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, type IV collagen=0.697, and APRI=0.691 for predicting extensive fibrosis (≥F3). Conclusions: Conclusions: All noninvasive serum markers evaluated in this study were useful for predicting significant or extensive liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. In particular, APRI was most useful for the prediction of significant fibrosis, and CDS was most useful for the prediction of extensive fibrosis. (Korean J Hepatol 2009;15:454-463)

Bloodstream Infections and Clinical Significance of Healthcare-associated Bacteremia: A Multicenter Surveillance Study in Korean Hospitals

Son, Jun Seong,Song, Jae-Hoon,Ko, Kwan Soo,Yeom, Joon Sup,Ki, Hyun Kyun,Kim, Shin-Woo,Chang, Hyun-Ha,Ryu, Seong Yeol,Kim, Yeon-Sook,Jung, Sook-In,Shin, Sang Yop,Oh, Hee Bok,Lee, Yeong Seon,Chung, Doo The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.7

<P>Recent changes in healthcare systems have changed the epidemiologic paradigms in many infectious fields including bloodstream infection (BSI). We compared clinical characteristics of community-acquired (CA), hospital-acquired (HA), and healthcare-associated (HCA) BSI. We performed a prospective nationwide multicenter surveillance study from 9 university hospitals in Korea. Total 1,605 blood isolates were collected from 2006 to 2007, and 1,144 isolates were considered true pathogens. HA-BSI accounted for 48.8%, CA-BSI for 33.2%, and HCA-BSI for 18.0%. HA-BSI and HCA-BSI were more likely to have severe comorbidities. <I>Escherichia coli</I> was the most common isolate in CA-BSI (47.1%) and HCA-BSI (27.2%). In contrast, <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> (15.2%), coagulase-negative <I>Staphylococcus</I> (15.1%) were the common isolates in HA-BSI. The rate of appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy was the highest in CA-BSI (89.0%) followed by HCA-BSI (76.4%), and HA-BSI (75.0%). The 30-day mortality rate was the highest in HA-BSI (23.0%) followed by HCA-BSI (18.4%), and CA-BSI (10.2%). High Pitt score and inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy were the independent risk factors for mortality by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, the present data suggest that clinical features, outcome, and microbiologic features of causative pathogens vary by origin of BSI. Especially, HCA-BSI shows unique clinical characteristics, which should be considered a distinct category for more appropriate antibiotic treatment.</P>

척수손상후 운동 유발전위와 지각 유발전위의 비교

지철,이재수,하영수,최창락,송진언 대한신경외과학회 1987 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.16 No.4

Electrical monitoring of the nervous system offers the potential for the detection of injury, intraoperatively. The relationship of MEP(Motor Evoked Potential) and SEP(Sensory Evoked Potential) taken in 30 rats before and after spinal cord injury is reported. MEP was obtained from distal portion to the site of spinal cord injury by electrical stimulation of the cerebral motor cortex after insertion of a ball electrode in the cerebral motor cortex. SEP was collected at the cerebral somatosensory cortex during the sciatic nerve stimulation. Experimental animals were divided into a 20g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group and 50g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group. Changes of cardiopulmonary function after cerebral motor cortex stimulation and pre-and post-injury MEP and SEP were obtained at constant time interval. The results were follows : 1) Significant changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate were noted to be elevated after stimulation of cerebral motor cortex and these were returned to normal in 10 minutes after stimulation. 2) MEP in control group showed that the latency was 8.6±1.54msec and the amplitude was 20.60±3.2㎶. In MEP of 20g㎝ spinal cord trauma group, the latency was increased to 30% (11.26±1.76msec) compared to control group at 10 minutes after the injury and the amplitude was decreased to 29% (14.60±2.99㎶). The latency was slowly decreased with the passage of time, to 21% increase. (10.42±1.84msec) at 1 hour after injury but the amplitude was not changed. In 50 g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group the latency was decreased to 75%(4.9±1.52㎶) compared to control group. With the passage of time, no change was revealed in latency but amplitude was decreased. The amplitude was decreased to 80%(4.00±1.49㎶) compared to control group. Change of MEP was marked in 50g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group. With the passage of time MEP was slightly improved in 20g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group but deteriorated in 50g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group. 3) The latency of SEP in control group was 12.22±0.7msec and the amplitude of those was 20.00±2.21㎶. No significant statistical change was recorded in the SEP of each spinal cord-trauma group compared to control group. MEP might be more important indicator than SEP in estimation and evaluation of the functional change of spinal cord injury.

아시아 지역 폐렴 구균의 항균제 내성 현황 및 변화 양상 : Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Study

정숙인,김나영,손준성,기현균,고관수,서지연,장현하,김연숙,오원섭,백경란,이남용,송재훈,항생제 내성 감시를 위한 아시아 연합 (ANSORP) 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.1

목적 : 1980년대부터 페니실린을 비롯한 β-lactam 계열과 비 β-lactam 계열 항균제에 대한 폐렴구균의 항생제 내성이 급격하게 증가하여 국내 뿐 아니라 세계적인 문제로 대두되고 있다. ANSORP 에서는 아시아 지역에서 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성과 그 변화 추이, 내성의 기전 및 위험인자를 분석하고자 본 국제 공동 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 1999년 11월부터 2001년 8월까지 아시아 지역 12개국의 14개 기관에서 폐렴구균 감염증 환자의 임상 검체로 분리된 침습성 폐렴구균을 대상으로 액체배지 미량희석법을 이용하여 16개 항생제의 MIC를 구하였다. 위험인자의 분석을 위하여 폐렴구균 감염증 환자를 대상으로 의무기록지를 조사하였다. Quellung 반응을 통해 혈청형을 결정하였다. 결과 : 총 685균주 중 52.4%가 페니실린에 대하여 비감수성(중등도 내성 22.9%, 내성 29.5%)을 보였고, 그 빈도는 베트남(92.1%), 스리랑카(85.7%), 홍콩(67.9%), 한국(64.5%)의 순이었다. Erythromycin에 대한 비감수성 비율은 베트남(92.1%), 대만(87.7%), 한국(80.6%), 홍콩(76.8%) 등에서 높게 나타났고, 베트남, 대만, 한국, 홍콩 등의 erythromycin의 MIC_(90)이 32㎍/mL를 넘는 고도내성을 보였다. 홍콩, 싱가포르, 대만, 인도에서는 fluoroquinolone에 대한 내성 균주가 출현하였다. 전체 균주 중 다제내성 균주의 비율은 47.7%였다. 혈청형은 19형과 23형이 가장 많았고, 그 외 6형, 14형 등이 있었다. 페니실린 비감수성 감염증의 위험인자로는 5세 미만(OR=1.7; 95%, CI, 1.2-2.4; P=0.002), 기관지폐질환(OR=2.0; 95%, CI, 1.3-3.1; P=0.003), 악성종양(OR=2.3; 95%, CI, 1.2-4.6; P=0.015), 스테로이드의 사용(OR=2.8; 95%, CI, 1.1-7.4; P=0.032)이 확인되었다. 결론 : 침습성 폐렴구균 균주를 대상으로 한 본 연구의 결과 아시아 국가들에서 페니실린, β-lactam 및 macrolide에 대한 폐렴구균의 내성률 및 내성 정도가 급증하고 있음을 확인하였다. Background : Emergence of pneumococcal resistance became a global issue since 1990s. According to the ANSORP studies with clinical isolates and carriage isolates between 1996 and 1999, some Asian countries showed alarmingly high prevalence of resistance to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents. To investigate the changing trends of pneumococcal resistance, ANSORP study group has performed a multinational surveillance study with invasive pneumococcal isolates from Asian countries. Methods : All isolates from various invasive pneumococcal diseases were prospectively collected from 14 centers in 12 countries between November 1999 to August 2001. Broth microdilution tests with 16 antimicrobial agents were performed according to the NCCLS procedures. Serotyping was performed by means of Quelling reaction with use of group-specific antisera. Results : A total of 685 isolates were collected. Overall, 52.4% of invasive isolates from Asian countries were not susceptible to penicillin (intermediate (1), 22.9%, Resistant (R), 29.5%). Vietnam showed the highest prevalence of penicillin non-susceptibility (1 20.6%, R 71.4%) followed by Sri Lanka (1 71.4%, R 14.3%), Hong Kong (1 24.1%, R 76%) and Korea (1 9.7%, R 54.8%). China (I 19.8%, R 23.4%) and Malaysia (1 9.1%, R 29.5%) also showed remarkable increase in penicillin resistance compared with previous ANSORP data, which were less than 10%. Vietnam (92.1%), Taiwan (87.7%), Korea (80.6%), and Hong Kong (76.8%) showed high prevalence of erythromycin resistance. MIG_(90)S for ciprofloxacin were 4 ㎍/mL (Hong Kong) and 2 ㎍/mL (11 Asian countries except Hong Kong), respectively. Conclusion : Compared with previous data from ANSORP studies, antimicrobial resistance among invasive pneumococcal isolates has markedly increased in Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, China, and Malaysia. Continuous surveillance of pneumococcal resistance in Asia is strongly warranted.

Three zone of purple, red and white patch, A characteristic dermoscopic sign for glomus tumor

( Woo-haing Shim ),( Geun-hwi Park ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Hyunju Jin ),( Hyang-suk You ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-b 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.2

Background: Despite characteristic clinical features of glomus tumor, dermatologists can meet diagnostic difficulty in some cases with glomus tumor. Objectives: To investigate clinical features and dermoscopic findings of glomus tumors. Methods: For 22 cases of glomus tumors, sex, age of initial visit, disease duration, site of lesion, size, associated symptoms and nail deformities and dermoscopic findings were investigated. Results: Mean age of initial visit and disease duration was 43.4±13.4 years old and 5.6±5.1 years, respectively(19 female, 3 male). Both 1st Fingers(9, 40.9%) were most common involved site. Nail lunula(12,54.5%) was more frequently involved than proximal nail fold(6,27.3%) or nail bed(4,18.2%). 15 cases were identifiable for size, and mean size was 6.0±1.9mm. There was associated symptoms such as pain(16,72.7%), tenderness(7,31.8%) and cold intolerance(2,9.1%). Onychoschizia(13,59.1%), longitudinal ridging(12,54.5%) and distal nail notching(8,36.4%) were commonly associated nail changes. On dermoscopic examination, whitish patch(16, 72.7%), purplish patch(15, 68.2%), erythematous patch(13, 59.1%) and irregular linear vessel(1, 4.5%) were observed. In 9 cases(40.9%), characteristic three zone consisting of central purplish patch, middle erythematous patch and peripheral whitish patch were observed. Conclusion: Characteristic dermoscopic findings of this study can help making more accurate diagnosis and performing appropriated treatment in glomus tumors

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Large infantile hemangioma with subfascial location: a case with difficulty of clinical diagnosis

( Dae-lyong Ha ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum Kim ),( Hoon-soo K 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.1

The unexpected finding of newly growing lump in an infant induces anxiety to parents and results in an urgent visit to hospital. Before performing invasive interventions for this infant patient, benign conditions like infantile hemangioma (IH) should be excluded as it could show variable clinical characteristics. A 6-month-old girl was presented with protruding skin-colored tumor on right upper back, with approximately 10cm in diameter and without surface change. The tumor abruptly enlarged over the period of 2 weeks without any previous episode. MRI showed a lobulated hypervascular mass in the subfascial layer with neovascularization inside. Through this findings, thought by radiologist and orthopedic surgeon to be malignant tumor, exploratory surgery was planned. Before surgical excision, this patient was consulted to our department. As the lesion was softly palpable and movable, incisional biopsy was performed to rule out the benign tumor like deep type IH. Histopathologic examination showed numerous vessels lined by plump endothelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the positivity of endothelial cells for CD-31, GLUT-1. Under the diagnosis of IH, the patient received oral propranolol medication for 1 year. Following the patient, we found the tumor diminished dramatically in volume. Although IHs are common benign tumor in infancy, Subfascial location is unfamiliar and rare. So, we herein report a case of subfascial lH.

한국인 담석증에 대한 임상적 고찰

김광하(Gwang Ha Kim),옥창민(Chang Min Ok),김병진(Byung Jin Kim),주형준(Hyung Jun Joo),송철수(Chul Soo Song),송근암(Guen Am Song),조몽(Mong Cho),양웅석(Ung Suk Yang) 대한소화기학회 1997 대한소화기학회지 Vol.29 No.3

N/A Background/Aitns: It has been reported frequently that clinical features of gallstone diseases in Koreans were different from those of Occidentals. These differences were thought to be due to inherent racial difference and acquired living habits. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the pattern of gallstone disease changes or not in Korea. Methods: We analyzed 5,488 cases of gallstone diseases which were reported in Korea frorn 1966 to 1994. We divided the period into 6 groups: the first period was 1,000 cases reported from 1966 to 1970, the second was 331 cases from 1971 to 1975, the third was 1,000 cases from 1976 to 1980, the fourth was 1,957 cases from 1981 to 1985, the fifth was 1,000 cases from 1986 to 1990, and the sixth was 200 cases from 1991 to 1993. Results: The age group of highest incidence was the fifth and sixth decade. The incidence below the third decade showed a decreasing tendency. In contrast, the incidence above sixth decade showed an increasing tendency. The male to female ratio was 1:1.25 to 1:1.71 and had no periological change. The duration of illness of highest frequency was below 6 months. In the case of duration above 5 years these was a decreasing tendency. The major complaints of biliary stone were right upper quadrant pain and tenderness. Nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and radiating pain showed a decreasing tendency. The major laboratory findings were leukocytosis, elevated SGOT and SGPT, elevated alkaline phosphatase, hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Of these, only hypoalbuminernia had a decreasing tendency. By the second period, the main diagnostic procedures were oral cholecystogram and intravenous cholecysto- graphy. From the fourth period, ultrasonography, ERCP, CT and PTC were been used comrnonly. For the location of gallstone, the gallbladder stone revealed the only increasing tendency, the common bile duct stone had a decreasing tendency, and the intrahepatic duct stone had no periological change. From 1980, the cholesterol stone became the main composition of gallstones. But, there was no periological change between early and late 1980s. Positive bacterial culture rate was 57.0% and the most common microorganism was E. coli. Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Pseudomonas showed an increasing tendency. Of the diseases associated with gallstone, only diabetes had an increasing tendency. The frequency of residual stone had an increasing tendency. Conclusions: The age of peak incidence of gallstone diseases was the fifth and sixth decades and there was a little predominance in females. From 1980, the cholesterol stone becarne the main composition of gallstones. For the location of gallstone, the gallbladder stone showed an increasing tendency and the common bile duct stone revealed a decreasing tendency. These suggested clinical features of gallstone diseases in Koreans are somewhat similar to those of Occidentals. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1997;29:352 - 361)

지속가능발전목표(SDGs) 내 성평등 독자 목표의 국내이행을 위한 지표 연구

장은하(Eun Ha Chang),문유경(You Kyung Moon),조혜승(Hye Seung Cho),김정수(Jung Soo Kim),김지현(Ji Hyun Kim) 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 2018 여성연구 Vol.98 No.3

2015년 국제사회는 새천년개발목표 (Millennium Development Goals, 이하 MDGs)를 대체 할 새로운 국제개발목표로 지속가능발전목표(Sustainable Development Goals, 이하 SDGs)를 채택하였다. SDGs는 17개 목표(goals)와 169개의 세부목표(targets), 그리고 244개의 지표로 구성되었으며 2030년까지 달성을 목표로 한다. MDGs에서와 마찬가지로, SDGs에서는 성평등을 위한 독자 목표(Goal 5)로 “양성평등 및 여성과 여아의 권한강화”가 채택되었다. 독자 목표인 5번의 경우 MDGs와는 달리 구조적 변화를 촉구하는 항목들이 대거 포진되어 성평등 달성에 있어서 전환적(transformative)인 변화를 추구하고 있다. 본고는 SDGs의 국내이행의 착수를 앞두고, SDGs 성평등 목표의 이행 점검을 위한 국내 가용통계를 점검하고, 향후 SDGs 성평등 목표의 국내이행점검을 위한 기초 매핑을 제시함으로써, 국내이행을 위한 지표 수립에 기여하고자 한다. 이를 위해 이론적 배경으로 SDGs 내 지표 수립과정을 소개하고 특히 성평등 목표의 범위와 지표 수립 과정을 보다 자세히 서술한다. 이어서 SDGs 국내이행을 위한 거버넌스 체계를 소개하고 현재까지 수행된 연구들을 개괄한다. 본 연구의 분석을 위해서는 SDGs 글로벌 지표의 정의의 완성도와 현재 국내통계의 가용상태를 고려하여 4가지의 범주로 구성된 분석틀을 고안하였다. 연구방법으로는 국내･외 관련 문헌을 검토하였다. 연구결과, SDGs의 효과적인 국내이행을 위해서는 정의가 불확실한 지표에 대해 조작적 정의가 선행될 필요가 있으며, 국내 가용통계가 부재하거나 미흡한 지표의 경우 이에 대한 추가개발의 필요함이 드러났다. 결론에서는 분석내용을 토대로 국내 SDGs 이행을 위한 시사점을 도출하여 논의하였다. This research explores the status and future tasks of national implementation of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 in South Korea by especially focusing on indicators. Among its 17 goals and 169 targets, SDGs sets forth gender equality and empowerment of women and girls as a stand-alone goal 5, and gender issues are also cross cut in other goals as well. The independent as well as cross cutting nature of gender related issues imply the quintessential nature of gender in attaining the overall SDG targets. In particular, SDG goal 5, unlike Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), pursues transformative changes in achieving gender equality with a number of indicators urging structural changes. Given this context, this paper examines the meaning and the availability of national data corresponding to SDG 5’global indicators, and provides implications for South Korea’s establishment of SDG 5 indicators for national implementation. As a theoretical background, we first outline the process of setting up the indicators of SDGs with particular focus of Goal 5, and then we introduce the governance system for SDGs implementation in South Korea and analyze the existing literature for this study. For methods, this study employs document reviews. We created an analytical matrix, using two pillars ; indicators’ definitions and availability of national data. Based on this matrix, this research categories each indicators into four groups. As results, this study reveals that several indicators require operational definition for domestic implementation and development of gender-sensitive domestic data for future implementation in South Korea. In conclusion, we present practical implications for future implementation of SDG goal 5 and its indicators in South Korea. The results of this study can be used as basic research for establishing national indicators for the implementation of gender-related SDG targets in South Korea, and ultimately to achieve the goal of gender equity in SDGs.