Vascular Protective Role of Samul-Tang in HUVECs: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NO

Choi, Eun Sik,Lee, Yun Jung,Seo, Chang Seob,Yoon, Jung Joo,Han, Byung Hyuk,Park, Min Cheol,Kang, Dae Gill,Lee, Ho Sub Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2016 No.-

<P>Samul-Tang (Si-Wu-Tang, SMT), composed of four medicinal herbs, is a well-known herbal formula treating hematological disorder or gynecologic disease. However, vascular protective effects of SMT and its molecular mechanisms on the vascular endothelium, known as the central spot of vascular inflammatory process, are not reported. The aim of this study was to investigate vascular protective effects of SMT water extract in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Water extract of SMT was prepared and identified by HPLC-PDA analysis. Expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-<I>κ</I>B) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined by western blot. Nuclear localization of NF-<I>κ</I>B and Nrf2 was visualized by immunofluorescence and DNA binding activity of NF-<I>κ</I>B was measured. ROS production, HL-60 monocyte adhesion, and intracellular nitric oxide (NO) were also measured using a fluorescent indicator. SMT suppressed NF-<I>κ</I>B translocation and activation as well as expression of CAMs, monocyte adhesion, and ROS production induced by TNF-<I>α</I> in HUVECs. SMT treated HUVECs showed upregulation of HO-1 and NO which are responsible for vascular protective action. Our study suggests that SMT, a traditionally used herbal formula, protects the vascular endothelium from inflammation and might be used as a promising vascular protective drug.</P>

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

저가 후막 EL소자 제조 및 신뢰성 평가

강계원,김대연,이영훈,강봉석,박정현,최병호 금오공과대학교 산업기술개발연구원 2000 産業技術開發硏究 Vol.16 No.-

AC powder electroluminescence(EL) device consists of seven layers : PET substrate, transparent electrode, phosphor layer, dielectric layer, two layer metal electrodes and protective layer. Etch layer needs to control to improve electrical and optical properties. Both phosphor and dielectric layer among them is more important to increase its properties. For long-time reliability, proper choices of passivation and sealing material are essential. In this paper, influence of phosphor and dielectric layer thickness on EL performance is studied. Type of cellulos is selected as a sealing material to avoid moisture. To add two type of plasticizer to resin improves flexibility and passivation of EL devices. Through this experiments, technologies of fabrication low-cost thick film EL device can be established.

표면처리된 복합레진에 대한 수리용 레진의 결합강도에 관한 연구

강현숙,최호영,민병순,박상진,최기운 慶熙大學校 齒科大學 1995 慶熙齒大論文集 Vol.17 No.1

Composite resin repair requires strong bond strength between the new and old materials. The objective of the current study was to identify the optimal treatments for sufficient bond strengths. Bondings between same kinds of materials and cross bondings using chemical curing composites and light curing composites were tested. Surface treatments included the methods of sand-blasting, acid etching and coating of bonding agent. Seven kinds cases of combinations from three kinds of methods were experimented and compared with a control group of which surfaces were highly polished. Measurements of shear bond strength and observations of surface morphologic changes using a scanning electron microscope were done. Following conclusions were drawn 1. The highest bond strength among composite resins were exhibited by the treatment of the sand-blasting and the coating of bonding agent. 2. Acid etched surfaces showed the lowest bond strength. Bond strengths obtained from experimental groups including acid etching were lower than those obtained from same kinds of experimental groups without acid etching. 3. Simple method of the coating of bonding agent produced the slightly increased bond strength on chemical curing composite and reduced bond strength on light curing composite. 4. Bonding surfaces of chemical curing composite resin showed slightly higher bond strengths than light curing composite resin, however significant differences were not confirmed statistically. 5. More significant irregular surfaces were created by sand-blasting method than acid etching method. 6. A principal component of fillers of both resins was silicon. Acid etching method produced the seperations and degradations of fillers, these were significant on light curing composite resins which containing barium fillers.

신경회로망을 이용한 송전선로 고장판별에 관한 연구

강승호,이병길,김철환 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 2000 論文集 Vol.51 No.1

High impedance fault(HIF) is defined as the fault that cannot be detected or removed by conventional overcurrent relays(OCRs). When HIF occurs in residential areas, energized high voltage conductor results in fire hazards and causes damages in electrical equipments or personal threat. This paper proposes the fault classification of not only LIFs but also HIFs using artificial neural networks. In this paper, classification of faults in transmission line is performed using the instantaneous 3-phase currents. Test results show that the neural networks were able to classify the faults including HIF accurately in transmission lines within a half cycle.

특수교육기관의 직업교육 운영 내실화 방안

강병호,이유훈,김형일 국립특수교육원 2003 연구보고서 Vol.- No.4

장애학생이 '직업'을 갖고 산다는 것은 학교 졸업 이후에 가정으로 돌아 가는 것이 아니라 사회에서 '생산적인 활동'을 경험하며 의미 있게 시간을 보내는데 있어 매우 중요하며, 동시에 누군가에게 경제적으로 의존하지 않고 스스로 생활을 해결하는 발판이 되는 것이지만 우리 특수교육 현실은 장애 학생에게 적절한 직업교육이 이루어지지 않고 있으며, 그것이 가능하지 않은 구조라는 문제의식에서 '특수교육기관의 직업교육의 내실화 방안'을 강구해 보게 되었다. 특수교육기관의 장애학생 직업교육은 특수학교 및 특수학급의 교육과정에 중핵적인 비중을 차지하고 있음에도 불구하고 현재 특수학교의 초ㆍ중ㆍ고등부, 전공과와 초ㆍ중ㆍ고등학교 특수학급의 직업교육에 대한 교육과정 운영 실태, 운영 지원 체제의 실태에 대한 종합적인 분석자료가 미흡한 상황으로, 장애학생의 직업교육 운영에 대한 종합적인 실태조사를 통하여 그 현황과 문제점을 탐색하고 효율적인 내실화 운영 방안에 대한 종합적인 연구가 필요하였다. 이에 우리나라 특수학교 및 특수학급의 직업교육의 현황 및 문제점을 분석하고, 특수교육기관의 교사 및 장애학생 부모를 대상으로 장애학생 직업교육에 대한 실태 및 요구를 파악하여 특수교육기관의 장애학생 직업교육 및 훈련 체계를 확립하는 등 직업교육 운영의 내실화 방안을 마련하고자 했다. 본 연구를 통해 나타난 특수학교 직업교육의 가장 큰 문제는 직업교육 영역의 낙후성으로 현재 특수학교에서 실시하는 직업교과는 영역이 제한되어 현실적으로 취업 가능한 영역이라고 하기 어렵다는 것이며, 특수학급의 직업 교육에서 가장 큰 문제점은 특수학급에서 '직업'이라는 교육과정을 실시한다는 자체가 매우 어렵다는 것이었다. 또한 이러한 장애학생 직업교육의 문제점을 정확히 진단ㆍ개선하기 위해서는 장애학생의 직업평가ㆍ직업교육ㆍ취업알선 및 추수지도 등에 대한 지원체계를 분명히 확립해야 함을 분석할 수 있었다. 이에 특수교육기관의 직업교육 운영 내실화를 위해서, 장애영역별, 장애정도별, 학교(급)별, 초ㆍ중등 과정에 다른 다양한 직업교육체계를 구축, 진로 발달단계에 따른 적절한 직업교육 목표를 설정, 장애학생의 특성을 고려한 종합적인 진단ㆍ평가, 실무중심의 현실적인 직업교육내용 구축, 장애학생의 직업교육 시기에 따른 다양한 지원주체와 관련기관간의 연계체제 구축, 장애학생을 위한 다양한 직종개발, 가정과 학교의 연계제제 구축, 행ㆍ재정적인 지원을 확대해 나가야 할 것이다. 장애학생의 직업교육과 직업재활 및 전환을 위해서는 장애학생 직업재활 체계의 확립, 직업재활기관의 역할 분담, 직업재활기관의 다양화 및 직업교육 담당인력의 다원화 등을 모색하지 않으면 안될 것이다. 그러나 이러한 과제는 교육부분에서 뿐 만 아니라 장애인 직업재활 및 전환과 관련된 부처간ㆍ기관간 적극적인 협력을 요구한다는 사실을 잊지 말아야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서 제시한 방안들이 각 학교(급)의 실정에 맞게 재구성, 일반화 되어 직업교육 목표, 내용, 방법, 지원체제 및 지원여건 개선, 특수교육기관의 직업교육 운영개선으로 장애학생의 독립생활 촉진, 전국 특수교육기관의 균형적인 발전 도모와 장애학생 직업교육의 질 제고, 운영방안 및 정책 제언 등을 통해 장애학생 직업교육 성과 제고를 위한 합리적인 특수교육정책 수립의 기초자료 확보 등 장애학생 직업교육 체계를 확립하고 내실화를 기하는데 도움이 되기를 바라며 최종에는 장애학생의 학교교육 이후의 생활안정과 사회참여를 촉진하기 위한 지표가 될 것이다. Vocational education for the physically and mentally disabled students is given a great deal of weight in the curriculum of the special schools and the special classes in regular schools. But overall and analytic data are in short, which are pertaining to the actual conditions of operating the curriculum and the existing supporting system for it about the vocational education in the elementary, secondary, high special schools and in the special classes of the general elementary, secondary and high schools. Therefore, it is necessary that the synthetic research be done both to examine the real circumstances and problems and to seek the substantially effective methods of operating curricula through all-round investigation into the administration of the vocational education for the hanndicapped students. Hereupon I've made an analysis the circumstances and problems of the vocational education in the special schools and the special classes in our country, and got hold of and summed up their needs from teacher sand parents of the disabled students, so aimed at preparing the substantially effective methods in developing the system of the vocational education and offering vocatonal training for the disabled students of This research reveals that the most important problem of the vocational education in the special schools is, in one word, the backwardness of vocational education ; curriculum taught nowadays in the special schools are limited and not realistic enough to make one employed, above all, the education of 'vocation' itself in special classes is very hard to execute. And also this research shows that it is greatly needed the supporting system for the vocational evaluation, vocational education, agency of vocation and vocational guidance in order to precisely diagnose and improve the problems of the vocational education for the disabled students. Thereupon this study concludes that such programs as follows are urgent in order to serve the substantially effectiveness in performing the vocational education in the special educational institution : developing various educational systems for various vocations classified by the sphere of disabled, the informations of disabled, schools (classes), the elementary and the secondary grades; adjusting proper objectives of the vocational education based on the development steps in one's course; synthetic diagnose and evaluation of the disabled students considering their characteristics; building the contents of the vocational education with the actual practices; constructing close relationships between various supporting patrons and the authoritatives concerned on a basis of the stages of the vocational education; developing new various types of occupations for the disabled students; constructing closer relationships between the home and the school; extending the administrational and financial support. I heartily desire that substantial plan through this study should be restructured and generalized in accordance with the situations of each schools (classes) to help develop and substantialize the vocational education system for the disabled students in improving its purposes, contents, methods, supporting systems and supporting circumstances, and in the long run to help form a guideline for the disabled students to promote their social stability and social participation after graduation.

Plused Spark Chamber의 제작과 그 특성조사

강영호,차병헌 慶北大學校 自然科學大學 1983 自然科學論文集 Vol.2 No.-

A pulsed spark chamber with sensitive area 19cm×19cm and 17 gaps is constructed and its characteristics are investigated. The chamber frame is made by lucite plate and 0.1mm aluminum foil is used for electrode. The side of lucite frame is highly polished to obtain the optical transparency. In the chamber, 99.99% argon gas is filled and gas-flowing method is used for eliminating the contamination of O_2. The clearing field of 150V/cm D.C. is applied for obtaining the clean spark images. The constructed spark chamber has the rise time of 100nsec and the delay time of 0.9㎲ec with operating voltage of 12KV, tracks of the cosmic rays has been photographed and particles can be selectively detected by coincidence circuit with scintillation counter.

R_2O-MgO-MgF_2-SiO_2계 Glass의 Crystallization에 관한 연구

강원호,박병구 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 1993 신소재 Vol.3 No.-

본 연구에서는 Fluour mica group^1)의 하나인 Lithium fluorhectorite mica (LiMg_2LiSi_4O_10F2) 결정상^2)을 얻기위해 Li_2O-MgO-MgO-MgF_2-SiO_2계를 기본 조성으로 선정하여Tdmaum 결성화시켰을때에 나타나는 벽개성(cleavage)의 원인을 mica의 결정구조 XMg_2LiSi_4O_10F2에서 interlayer cation에 있는 것으로 보고서 X에 해당하는 R_2O성분 LI_2O, Na_2O, K_2O를 4∼10 wt% 변화시켜 Pt-crucible을 사용하여 1450℃에서 모유리를 제조하였다. 제조된 모유리의 DTA, TMA 열분석 결과를 토대로, 결정화 열처리를 핵형성 610∼690℃, 결정성장 900∼1150℃, 각각 2시간, 4시간으로 결정화 sample을 얻었으며 XRD와 SEM을 사용하여 결정상과 미세 구조를 분석하였다. Tg는 520℃, Mg는 580℃였으며, 모유리 상태는 부분 유백의 모유리를 얻을 수 있었다. 최적 결정화 조건은 핵형성 630∼670, 결정성장 1100℃였으며 결정상은 Lithium (Sodium, Potassium) fluorhectorite 와 talc, 그리고 quartz였다. 벽개성이 가장 우수한 조성은 Li_2O 6 wt%, MgO 10.8 wt%, MgF_2 16.7 wt%, SiO_2 6.4 wt% 였다. In this study, the crystallization of R_2O-MgO-MgF_2-SiO_2 fluormica glass-ceramics were investigated. Lithium fluorhectorite mica (LiMg_2LiSi_4O_10F_2), one of the water swelling mica group is composed of Li_2-O-MgO-MgF_2-SiO_2 glass system and this composition added TiO_2, ZrO_2 and P_2O_5 as nucleating agent. The interlayer cation Li^+ of the composition was replaced by Na^+ -and K^+ -ions. this base glass was melted at 1450℃ per 1h. After heat-treatment on the bases of thermal analysis of this base glass by DTA and TMA, crystal phase and sizes upon to the nucleation and crystallized temperature were observed by XRD and SEM. When crystallized, the crystal phase is lithium fluorhectorite, talc and quartz. It is found that the crystal phase to influence self delamination is lithium fluorhectorite one. In the case of substitution of interiayer cation Na^+ and K^+ for Li^+, properties of cleavage and delamination was not found and also crystal phase containing Li^+ is different from one of that Na^+, K^+. The optimum chemical composition are LI_2O 6 wt%, MgO 10.8 wt%, MgF_2 16.7wt%, SiO_2 66.4 wt% and the optimum temperature for crystallization having excellent delamination is 1100℃ and nucleation for temperature is 630℃ -670℃. When used TiO_2 as a nucleating agent, it show excellent crystallization.

준설수심에 따른 사천만의 해수유동 특성에 관한 연구

강대석,유상호,민일규,이동수,민병형 東亞大學校 海洋資源硏究所 2003 硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.-

This study on the characteristics of the tidal current at the half closed bay selected Sachoˇn Bay located in the western Kyung-nam area as the object location of the study. Then, I analyzed the current with the varying dredging depth after the depth integral of the three Dimensional continuous equation and Navier-stokes equation. The study would get the following results, and the results could be used meamingfully as the analysis material about the dredging depth's influnce on the surrounding ocean when developing the coastal port. 1. When measuring the tidal current, there is a bit dispersion in the current direction of the observed object, but it is the wind effect at the bay. Considering that the calculated result is the shallow-water equation integranted in depth, the results can be concluded to in accored with my expectancy. 2. In case of reclaiming and dredging, the flow velocity and direciton change constantly, compared with the present condition. 3. At the wide bay dredge depth does not arrect the level of the ocean, but in case of inflow from the flood, the increase of the inflow of the river water affects the level of the ocean. 4. As the dredge depth grows deep, the maximum flood tidal current and obb tidal current at the front coast of the reclaimed decreases a little. However, the wide area Pc-7~Pc-9 doesn't show any change. As we saw in the above result, feacturcs of the tidal current as the level of the ocean and the current velocity don't change in the aspect of the ocean engineering even if we increase the degree of the dredge depth up to 6m in Sachoˇn Bay