정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

생쥐 위장관의 Interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

김영철,차경훈,신무경,임건한,김주영,안병수,김장만,양경철,박도영,오재욱,장인엽 조선대학교 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.1

Background and Objectives : Interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC) are the pacemakers in gastrointestinal tract that modulates gastrointestinal motiliey and these cells also transmit neural input from enteric nerves to smooth muscles. Recent work on tissues from patients with motility disorders that suggest that loss or defect in ICC could be related to pathophysiology in human and animal models. Immunolabelling of ICC in intestinal wall is recently developed by using specific marker, anti-c-kit antibody. Immunohistochemistry was done for ICC network in attempt to provide a morphological basis for the mechanism regulating gastrointestinal motility Methods : Cryosection was done, and whole-mount preparations of mouse stomach, gastrointestinal tract were immunolabelled using the anti-c-Kit. Immunolabelled ICC networks were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results : According to three dimensional reconstruction study, we found that the c-Kit-positive celluar networks were widely distributed in the gastrointestinal muscle (1) circular muscle layer(IC-IM), (2) myenteric plexus(IC-MY), (3) deep muscular plexus(IC-DMP) in ileum, (4) submucosal plexus(IC-SMP) and longitudinal muscle layer(IC-LM) in colon. Conclusion : The characteristic profiles of ICC celluar networks provide a morphological basis upon the mechanism regulating gastrointestinal motility. Additional studies for the enteric nerves-ICC interaction are need to evaluate the detailed roles of Icc in gastrointestinal tract.

안전관리를 위한 전력선반송 FSK통신시스템

한경희,이영철 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1993 硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.-

본 논문에서는 전력선을 통신선로로서 이용한 전력선 통신(PLC)시스템의 임피던스, 잡음, 및 동작특성에 대하여 고찰하였으며 PLC시스템으로써 FSK통신 방식을 설계하여 데이터전송에 대한 실험을 수행 하였다. 그 결과 50m까지 신호전송이 가능함을 확인 하였으며, 이 방식을 집단주택 안전시스템에 적용 할 수 있음을 알았다. In this paper, we studied the impedance of power line and noise, operation characteristics of many electric p개ducts for PLC as a communication line. And FSK communication system of PLC media for the data transmission are designed and experimented. As a result, we conform that our transceiver system can communicate within 50m in local Area. And we conforms it can apply for security monitoring system of apartment.

소형엔진의 배출가스측정방법에 따른 질소산화물 및 매연에 관한 연구

한영출,나완용,오용석,문병철,박봉규,박귀열 한국공작기계학회 2001 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.10 No.3

Recently, increasing usage of diesel vehicle, many countries try to reduce the pollutant materials by emission regulation standard. Particularly, in our country, the supplement ratio of diesel vehicle is high, and air pollution by vehicle exhaust gas is very serious. So, in study, we tested exhaust gas by various mode in light duty diesel engine. Therefore, we can know about NOx and smoke seriousness.

근대이후 한국의 산업구강보건

한영철 大韓齒科保存學會 1995 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.20 No.2

Occupational Dentistry was introduced in Korea about 70 years ago. During the colonial period occupied by Japan till 1945, there were few documents about industrial dentistry, furthermore most cases of occupational diseases and accidents might have been concealed intentionally by the colonial government. After being an independent country, several dentists made efforts to set up ’Preventive Dentistry for Workers’performing specific oral health surveys, even though which were stopped by Korean War. In 1960s'and 1970s', some investigations of oral status were carried out intermittently for specific small groups;white-collar workers, mentally retarded person, buddhist monks and crews of ocean liners. At the same time there was important study in Korean history of occupational dentistry, which was'a comparison of the oral hygiene conditions in the female workers of a spinning factory at intervals of 30 years.' In 1980s', young researchers began to give attention to erosion of the teeth due to sulphuric acid in the acid-related industry and dental caries due to sugar and flour in the sweets industry. After being democratic labor union movement activated in 1987, hidden and suppressed occupational diseases under the military dictatorship were exposed and flushed in the newspapers. It was shocking for all people that 15-year old boy had been dead due to mercury intoxication after 3-month employment in 1988. In 1990s', the activity for studying oral status of workers in their workplaces was launched and 'Occupational Accidents and Diseases in Oral and Maxillofacial Field' was published. And also The Korean Association of Occupationl Dentistry was established. Oral health examination of workers at the time of employment and of workers exposed to 5 special chemicals at the time of routine special health examination was adopted in 1992, and epocally oral health examination was also included in periodic routine examination of workers' health in 1995. So, occupational dentistry in Korea should cope with the changing needs of working environment and the altering scheme of health examination. key words : occupational dentistry, occupational disease, erosion, sulphuric acid, oral health examination, periodic health examination

醫療傳達體系와 專門齒醫制에 關한 小考

한영철 大韓齒科保存學會 1999 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.24 No.4

Glutamate가 일측 흑질체 파괴 백서의 회전운동에 미치는 영향

한명일,정영철,은홍배,황익근,정상근 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.5

본 연구는 glutamate( , 과 M)가 일측 흑질체를 파괴한 백서에서 apomorphine으로 유도되는 회전운동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 6-OHDA으로 우측 흑질체를 파괴한후 apomcrphine(0.1mg/kg)을 피하로 주사하면 병소반 대측으로 회전운동이 유발된다(641.7±163.9/hr). Glutamate는 apomorphine으로 유도되는 회전운동을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 그러나 이 glutamate의 감소효과는 GABA 길항제인 bicuculine에 의해 길항 그리고/ 또는 역전되었다. 이상의 실험결과에서 glutamate는 apomorphine으로 유도되는 회전운동을 감소시키고, 그 작용은 glutamate( ∼ M)가 선조체와 흑질체의 GABA 농도를 증가시킴으로써 나타났을 가능성을 시사한다. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of various concentrations of glutamate( , and M) on the circling movement induced by apomorphine in the unilateral substantia nigra-lesioned rats. Subcutaneous apomorphine(0.1mg/kg) elicited contralateral circling movement(641.7±163.9/hr). Glutamate( - M) significantly reduced the numbers of apomorphine-induced circling movement. This reducing effect of glutamate was antagonized and/or reversed by M GABA antagonist bicuculine. These results suggest that glutamate reduces circling movement induced by apomorphine and this reducing effect of glutamate may be mediated by increased GABA concentration in striatum and substantia nigra.

지능형 교수 시스템의 학습자 모듈에 관한 연구

한선관,이철환,김영기 仁川敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究所 2003 과학교육논총 Vol.15 No.-

본 연구는 지능형 교수 학습 시스템의 4가지 모듈 즉, 전문가 모듈, 교수전략 모듈, 학습자 모듈, 인터페이스 모듈 중 가장 핵심이 되는 학습자 모듈에 관한 연구이다. 우선 기존 지능형 교수 시스템을 고찰하고 그에 따른 학습자 모듈의 종류를 분석하였다. 그리고 실제적인 학습자 모듈의 구축을 위한 최근의 연구 방법을 고찰하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 향후 e-Learning에서 지능적인 학습을 제공하기 위한 학습자 모델링로 활용될 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to stand on the basis of the student model in the intelligent tutoring systems that are composed four modules, namely the tutor module, expert module, student module and interface module. For this purpose, we conducted an inquiry into the intelligent tutoring systems and defined student model cognitively. Moreover we analyzed the types of student models and studied the resent research methods to construct the concrete student model. Hereafter, these results of study can be used the foundation of the student modelling to provide the intelligent learning in e-learning systems.

NHCF 막전극과 코발트 양이온간의 이온교환에 있어서 용액의 물성과 주사속도의 영향

한영,김은호,곽철,황영기 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1999 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

니켈 표면에 이온교환막을 생성시켜 NHCF 막전극을 제조하고, 순수한 니켈전극과 NHCF 막전극을 나트륨 용액에서 연속적으로 반복되는 순환전위곡선을 측정하였다. 이 곡선들로부터 순수한 니켈과 NHCF의 산화/환원 반응 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 NHCF 막전극을 코발트와 이온교환 반응시키면서 순환전위곡선을 측정하고, 이 곡선들로부터 산화/화원반응에 흐른 전기량을 산출하여 용액의 농도, 온도, pH, 그리고 전위 주사속도 등의 변화에 따른 영향을 조사하였다. NHCF 막전극은 화학적 방법보다 전기화학적 방법으로 제조할 경우에 안정적인 성능을 갖며, 전극전위 공급시간이 길수록 막전극의 이온교환 성능이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. NHCF 막전극은 코발트와 산화/환원할 때 중성 용액보다 산성 용액에서, 고농도보다 저농도에서 첨두전류, 흐른 전기량, 반응성이 높기 때문에 저농도의 폐수 처리에 효과적이다. 또한 20~60℃의 온도 범위에서 30℃인 경우에서 이온교환 성능이 가장 높고, 첨두전류는 주사속도의 0.7승에 비례 증가하였다. In this study NHCF film electrode was derivatized on the nickel surface by the chemical and electrochemical methods. The redox reaction of pure nickel and NHCF film electrode were investigated in 0.5 M NaNO₃solution by the cyclic voltammetry. We observed the effects of cobalt concentration. solution temperature, solution pH. and potential sweep rate on the charge passing through redox reaction. It was found that electrochemically derivatized NHCF film electrode was more effective to the ion exchange than chemically self-assembled film electrode. Peak current density, charge passing through redox reaction, and reactivity were higher when increasing the potentiated time for NHCF generation. They were also higher at acidic solution, at lower concentration of cobalt, and at 30 C among applied potential range of 20℃ to 60 C. Peak current density increased with the potential sweep rate by the magnitude of 0.7.

經濟發展 理論과 經濟發展의 모델에 관한 考察

韓永哲 광주대학교 산업경영연구소 1994 산경연구 : 광주대 Vol.7 No.-

The birth of calitalism motivated the human economy to grow, and besides. the socialistic economic system raised its head to solve the conflict in that. By the way, we wonder if the collapse of the soviet Union was the synthesis of the bipolar formatin, like the "thesis-antithesis-synthesis principle" in Hegel's dialectics that was often quoted by socialists, or new Ecomomic system canfront with capitalistic system is coming to replace the socialistic economic system. Basically, the econmic system is deifined as a series of institutions that characterizes the economy given by the form of possession and that of regulation on supply-and-demand, and this system is distinguished socia listic and capitalistic econmic system by the public or private possession of the means of production, the form of cetralizational administration economy or decentralizational social systems in the regulation on supply-and-demand. We can say that the socialistic and captalistic econmic system, which had built up two axes in the history of human econmy, have contributed to the development and growth of econmy, with their own internal basic fraimes and the characteristics follwing them. So, individual nations show large differistics in the process of economic developonent and growth evenif they have achieved those under the economic system of their own choice. In this report, therefore, the characteristics in the process of the economic developmet is analyzed, being reflected into the theory, on the bases of that two economic systems, with England, Soviet Union, Japan, and Korea for models.