정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

청신경종의 크기에 따른 어지러움의 양상 및 전정기능 검사의 특징

정원호,홍성화,조양선,김성민,장병찬,최재연,이승진 대한이비인후과학회 2000 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.43 No.1

전류제어형 PWM 인버어터―유도전동기 위치제어의 신경회로망 응용

元忠淵,梁承浩,金世燦,金德憲 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1991 論文集 Vol.42 No.1

이 논문은 전력변환기 시스템 모델링에 대한 신경회로망 사용을 기술하였다. Bp 알고리즘은 PWM 인버어터에 의해 구동되는 유도전동기의 on-off 패턴제어를 모델화하기 위해 처음으로 사용되었다. 신경회로망의 한 잇점은 본질적으로 병렬처리 이어서 그 결과 직렬인 디지털 컴퓨터보다 훨씬 빠르다. 게다가 신경회로망은 인버어터에 대해 학습능력이 있다. 제안된 방법의 타당성을 디지털 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 확인하였다. This paper discribes the use of neural networks for modeling power converter system. A back propagation(BP) algorithm is used firstly to model on-off pattern control of PWM inverter fed induction motor and, as a result, can solve problems much faster than a serial digital computer. Furthermore, neural networks have ability to learn for inverter. The validity of proposed method is confirm through the digital computer simulation.

대학신입생들의 구강상태 인식도와 상대구강진료필요도에 관한 상관관계 조사연구

원상연,신승철,김선영 단국대학교 치과대학 예방치과 1998 예방치과 세미나집 Vol.- No.12

The purpose of this study was to detemine toe correlation between the awareness and the status of their won oral diseases. A questionnaire survey form was desinged to determine the awareness of their won oral diseases and asked aoo of the university freshmen students to fill out the al of questionaries. They were then immediately examined for을 새 determine their status of dental hard tissures by using the WHO criteria. Also determined were the CPITN and the needs for orthodontic as well as prosthodontic treatments. The results were then statistically analyzed to determine the correlation coefficiencies between the awareness and the status of oral diseases by using SPSS statistical package. The results suggested the followings; 1. The correlation coefficiencies between the awareness and the status for number of teeth decayed, missed, and indicated for extractions were 0.18, 0.06 and 0.09 respectively. 2. The correlationg coefficiency between the awareness and the status in treated teeth(F component) and CPITN were 0.622 and 0.10 respectively. 3. The agreement between examiners and examiners on the needs for prosthodontic treatments was 87.31% and their sensitivity and specificity were 47.54% and 88.55% respectively. 4. The agreement between examiners and examinees on the needs for orthodontic treatment was 70.40% and their sensitivity and specificity were 77.27% and 69.71% respectively. Data indicate that a majority of respondents are lacking in the awareness of their own oral disease status. Therefore, it is concluded that a regular oral examination, a regular counselling on oral health status as well as specific oral health education for each individual warranted.

寡占構造에서의 銀行의 金融規制 選好誘引

元承淵 韓國計量經濟學會 1996 계량경제학보 Vol.7 No.-

이 논문은 은행의 金融規制 選好誘引을 이론적으로 모형화하였다. 지금까지의 은행산업에 대한 분석이 市場構造的 特性을 덜 고려한 데 비해, 이 논문은 은행이 현실적으로 흔히 처하는 寡占市場을 전제하고, 게임이론을 이용하여 은행의 형태를 분석하였다는데 의의가 있다. 과점시장에서 은행이 금융규제를 선호할 유인은 다음 두 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 금융규제는 카르텔을 유지하는 기능을 함으로써 은행이윤을 제고시킨다. 둘째, 寡占市場에서는 정부개입이 사적 보험보다 은행의 파산위험을 효과적으로 방지할 수 있다. 이러한 분석결과는 金融規制의 過程에서 規制者인 政府뿐만 아니라 被規制者인 民間의 입장과 태도가 중요함을 보여준다. 특히, 이 결과는 한국에서 진행되는 금융자율화 과정도가 중요함을 보여준다. 특히, 이 결과는 한국에서 진행되는 금융자율화 과정이 규제자뿐 아니라 피규제자에 의해서 왜곡될 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다.

대학 신입생들의 구강상태 인식도와 상대구강진료필요도에 관한 상관관계 조사연구

원상연,신승철,김선영 단국대학교 치과대학 예방치과 1997 예방치과 세미나집 Vol.- No.11

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the awareness and the status of their won oral diseases. A questionnaire survey form was designed to determine the awareness of their won oral diseases and asked aoo of the university freshmen students to fill out the all of questionaries. They were then immediately examined for을 새 determine their status of dental hard tissures by using the WHO criteria. Also determined were the CPITN and the needs for orthodontic as well as prosthodontic treatments. The results were then statistically analyzed to determine the correlation coefficiencies between the awareness and the status of oral diseases by using SPSS statistical package. The results suggested the followings; 1. The correlation coefficiencies between the awareness and the status for number of teeth decayed, missed, and indicated for extractions were 0.18, 0.06 and 0.09 respectively. 2. The correlation coefficiency between the awareness and the status in treated teeth(F component) and CPITN were 0.622 and 0.10 respectively. 3. the agreement between examiners and examinees on the needs for prosthodontic treatments was 87.31% and their sensitivity and specificity were 47.54% and 88.55% respectively. 4. the agreement between examiners and examinees on the needs for orthodontic treatment was 70.40% and their sensitivity and specificity were 77.27% and 60.71% respectively. Data indicate that a majority of respondents are lacking in the awareness of their own oral disease status. Therefore, it is concluded that a regular oral examination, a regular counselling on oral health status as well as specific oral health education for each individual warranted.

개량제 종류 및 혼합조건이 탈수특성에 미치는 영향

李元鎬,元聖淵 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1999 産業科學論文集 Vol.7 No.2

본 연구에서는 슬러지의 탈수효율을 증대시키기 위한 슬러지 개량시 물리 ·화학적 인자들의 영향을 검토하였다. CST는 슬러지의 탈수성을 측정하기 위한 유용한 도구로 기존 탈수성 측정 방법인 SRF와 상관성이 높아 간단하며 신속하고 경제적인 측정이 가능하였다. 바닷물로 응집된 슬러지는 pH가 중성으로 조정되는 경우 슬러지 입자가 해체되어 재결합하기 위해 요구되는 화학약품 요구량은 증대되었다. 탈수 공정에서 혼합은 매우 중요하며 혼합에 의해 슬러지 입자의 크기가 증대 되었다. 하지만, 매우 큰 혼합강도 및 시간에서는 응집물이 파괴되었다. 양이온성 개량제의 이용시 최적 혼합조건은 약 20,000(Gtd)이하에서 관찰되었으며, 슬러지의 성상 및 개량제 주입량에 따라 차이를 보이고 있다. 바닷물 응집 슬러지의 최적 혼합조건은 개량제의 충분 조건에서는 20,000-100,000이었다. 이는 개량제의 충분 조건이 충분치 못한 조건에서 보다 전단력이 증가되었음을 의미한다. 또한 미세 입자가 증가된 조건에서는 최적 혼합 조건이 50,000-300,000으로 증가되었다. 따라서 혼합 조건은 슬러지 탈수를 위한 개량시 중요한 인자이며, 슬러지 개량은 최적의 혼합조건에서 운영함이 바람직하다. In this study, the effect of physo-chemical variables on sludge conditioning of waste sludge was determined to enhance dewaterability of sludges. The Capillary Suction Time (CST) apparatus was observed to provide the first simple, rapid, and inexpensive means for measuring the dewaterability potential of wastewater sludge. Good correlation was also observed between CST and the specific resistance to filtration(SRF). The dewaterability of seawater flocculated sludge was deteriorated with pH adjustment to neutral. pH adjustment of seawater flocculated sludge seems to cause disaggregation of sludge particles, which increase demand for chemicals that recoagulate the fractured aggregates. The mixing characteristics of both the condition and dewatering steps seem to be important in the optimization of the sludge dewatering process. Mixing enhanced initially to increase particle size. However, floc particles were breakup with high mixing intensity and mixing duration. Optimum Gtd values for the seawater flocculated sludge was below 20,000 with use of cationic polyeletrolytes. Optimum Gtd values were varied with dosage of sludge conditioner with sufficient dosage of sludge conditioner With sufficient sludge conditioner, Optimum Gtd value for seawater flocculated tannery sludge ranged from 20,000 - 100,000. This indicates that sludge strength with sufficient dosage of sludge conditioner was enough to stand higher shear force than that with insufficient dose. Also, it was found that optimum Gtd values were significantly increased for dewatering deflocculated sludge of fine particles. In this case, optimum Gtd was ranged from 50,000 - 300,000. Since Gtd was important parameter to improve the dewaterability of conditioned sludge, sludge conditioning process should be operated at optimum range of Gtd.

정신분열병과 Neuregulin 1 유전자의 연합연구

박동연,이유상,조은영,조승희,장용이,전현옥,장수연,윤세창,김종원,홍경수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.3

Objectives : The authors recently found a suggestive evidence of linkage of chromosome 8p21-12 to schizophrenia in Korean multiplex families. Neuregutin 1 (NRGI) was identified in this locus as a positional and functional candidate gene for Schizo-phrenia, through several independent studies with European and Chinese populations. The purpose of this study is to determine whether NRGl is associated with schizophrenia in Korean population. Methods : Three SNPs (SNP8NRG221533, SNP8NRG241930, SNP8NRG243177) and two microsatellites markers (478B14-848,420M9-1395) located at the 5' end of NRGI were genotyped for 242 unrelated schizophrenia patients and the same num-ber of normal controls. Genetic association was tested by χ²-test (df=1). Not only for the whole patients group but also for asubgroup of patients with auditory hallucination. This subtype showed stronger linkage with chromosome 8p12 in the prior study of the authors with multiplex families. Results : G allele of SNP8NRG241930 was significantly in excess in the subgroup of patients with auditory hallucination compared to the control group (p=0.03, 0R=1.76). We also found that 3 SNPs haplotype TTC (p=0.04, 0R=0.58) and five markers haplotype TTC53 (p=0.01,0R=0.49) were associated with schziophrenia with a protective effect. Three SNPs haplotype CGT which is a part of the at-risk haplotype of the Icelandic schizophrenia families was found in excess in the patients group but no significant association was observed. Conclusion : NRGI might either play a mle in the predisposition to schizophrenia or be in linkage disequilibrium with a causal locus of this illness.

다중주파수·다중성분 고막운동도에 관한 연구

소원섭,이지연,강희라,손원진,허승덕 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2012 再活科學硏究 Vol.30 No.1

이 연구는 이학적·청각학적 정상 소견을 가진 성인들의 다중주파수 고막운동도(multi-frequency tympanogram, MFT)와 다중성분 고막운동도(multi-component tympanogram, MCT)의 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 참여자는 D대학교 재학 중인 19명(M:F=9:10, 만 19∼23세)으로 하였다. MCT는 각 성분(admittance; Y, susceptance; B, conductance; G)별 정점의 수를 확인하였고, MFT는 200 ㎐부터 2 ㎑ 순음에 대한 고막 긴장 및 이완상태에서 전도율을 통해 공명주파수와 ΔB, Δ∅를 각각 구하였다. MCT는 668 ㎐ 자극에 대해 47.4 %가 1Y1B1G를, 52.6 %가1Y3B1G를 보였고, MFT의 공명주파수는 829~1,213(1,021±192) ㎐, ΔB와 Δ∅의 평균은 각각 –0.18, -19.3으로 관 찰되었다. This study will be to confirm the characteristic of Multi-component tympanogram(MCT) and Multi-frequency tympanogram(MFT) of adults who have physical and audiological normal findings. Participants were 19 students(M:F = 9:10) who are attending D-university. MCT checked the number of peaks per each component(admittance; Y, susceptance; B, conductance; G) and MFT got the resonance frequency through the conductivity rate of tympanic membrane's tense and relaxation state, and ΔB, Δ∅ respectively. 47.4% of MCT showed 1Y1B1G about 668 ㎐ stimulus and 52.6% of that showed 1Y3B1G. Resonance frequency of MFT was 829~1,213(1,021±192) ㎐, and the average of ΔB and Δ∅ was observed -0.18, -19.3 respectively.

오이의 品質向上과 運作障害 경감을 위한 有機物 施用 및 輪換式 栽培의 효과에 關한 硏究

丁蓮圭,梁承烈,梁元模 順天大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.3 No.1

處女地 沓田輪換 式栽培地, 3年 連作地, 5年 連作地에 園藝作物을 供試하여 各 土壤別로 標集施肥, 有機物, 및 이들의 조합處理를 함으로써 連作程度와 施肥方法에 따른 作物의 收量과 品質, 土壤의 鹽類濃度 및 土壤理化學性을 比較檢査 함으로써 現象을 하고 나아가서 連作障害를 輕減 또는 防止하기 위한 방안을 모색하기 위하여 몇가지 實驗을 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 모색하면 다음과 같다. 1. 供試土壤의 實驗前 pH는 連作年數가 길어질수록 낮아지는 경향이 있었으며 반대로 유기물, 인산, 마그네슘, K, Ca 등은 連作年數가 길어질수록 높았고 C.E.C.도 비슷한 結果를 나타냈다. 2. 土壤內의 E.C.는 試驗前의 경우, 處女地, 沓田輪換式栽培地가 名名 0.35, 0.56이었고 3年, 5年 連作地가 名名 1.20, 1.30으로 連作土壤이 월등하게 높았으며 施肥後의 경우에는 3.00에서 4.35사이로서 全체的으로 높은 수준이었으나 土壤間에 큰 差異가 없었고 降雨에 노출시켜 일정한 기간이 지난후에는 0.39에서 0.43사이로 土壤에 관계없이 원래의 상태로 쉽게 회복되었다. 3. 土壤의 連作程度나 施肥方法에 따른 오이의 蔓長, 莖의 굵기, 節間數는 處理問에差異가 없었으며 유기물이나 미량요소의 施用에 의한 뚜렷한 증가는 나타나지 않았다. 4. 오이의 收量은 5年 連作地가 가장 많았고 다음으로 處女地, 畓田輪換式栽培地, 3年 連作地 順이었는데 이것은 1果의 果重, 果長, 果俓의 증대보다 수확과수의 差異에 의한 것이었다. 5. 連作程度와 施肥方法에 따른 오이의 品質反應중 外的인 品質 즉, 1果의 果重, 果俓, 果長의 差異는 없었으나 內的인 品質중 Vitamin C 含量은 連作年數가 길어질수록 낮아졌다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of application methods of organic material and minor elements, and difference of replanting year on the elevation of vegetable qualities and the reduction of replant-failure in cucumber plants which were cultivated under covering conditions. Used soils were Virgin soil, Paddy-Upland rotation soil, 3 year replanting soil, 5 year replanting soil. Application methods were Standard fertilizer, Standard fertilizer+Organic material, Standard fertilizer+Minor elements, Standard fertilizer+Organic material+Minor elements. Cucumber seeds were sown at August, 15 and transplanted at September, 15 in 1984. The results were summarized as follows; The pH value of the used soil before experiment was showed a decreasing tendency with extending the replanting year. On the other hand, the contents of the Organic material, ??, Mg, K, Ca and C.E.C. were increased with extending the replanting year. Before experiment, Electric Conductivity of 3 year replanting soil and 5 year replanting soil were notably higher than that of the non-replanting soil, Virgin soil and Paddy-Upland rotation soil. Their values were 1.20, 1.30, 0.35 and 0.56 mㆍmho respectively. But E.C. of the soil after fertilization was increased highly, from 3.00 to 4.35 mㆍmho with no relation of the replanting year. And after the soil being opened to the rainfall for about 4 weeks, the soil salinity was easily removed. Replanting year and fertilizer application methods didn't have an influence on the plant height, stem diameter and No. of node of cucumber plant. The yield was, however, affectected by it, not because of the fruit weight, diameter and length but because of the different quantity of the harvest fruits. Vitamin C content of cucumber fruit was decreased with extending the replanting year.