정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

한글 문서 구조 분석에 관한 연구

우성준,김광호,유명춘,하진영 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2008 정보통신논문지 Vol.12 No.-

Although information technology has been developed fast, large amount of machine printed document images are not properly handled due to immature document layout analysis techniques. Previous research has focused on character recognition itself to improve character recognition accuracy. Recently, however, some efforts are made to analyze complex document layout automatically. In this paper, we propose document layout analysis and understanding method for various Hangul document images. Skew detection is performed using projection profile and connected component layout information. Top-down and bottom-up methods are combined to analyze document layout. After text region and non-text region determination, table is further processed to extract row, column, and cell position. We got very high performance for skew correction, zone detection, and table processig from experiments with various Hangul document images.

자기수업 관찰을 통한 체육 교수-학습 행동의 분석 연구

우광수,박기동,엄기진 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 1997 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.21

The purpose of this study has been practiced for obtaining the basis data for searching the direction of an effective teaching behavior and the reform measure, analyzing the teaching behavior and the student's learning behaviors through the Self-Teaching Observation. In order to achive the purpose of this study, the investigator's teaching has been taken pictures two times by Video camera, and observed and wrote down the teaching-behavior that was by Video camera, and observed and wrote down the teaching-behavior that was translated Stewart's(1977) Observational Recording Record of Physical Educator's Teaching Behavior by Kim Yong-whan(1991) and the learner's behavior which was translated William and Taggart's Academic Learning Time-Physical Education Improved at Ohio State university by Yun Myeong-Hee(1991), at intervals of five second's observation and record. In the analyzed observation data, the following conclusion was obtained by comparing the interval mean value of each variation of the teaching behavior and percentage about the forty-five minutes study of converting the percentage about the forty-five minutes teaching. First, the investigator's teaching was analyzed the lower degree of effeciency when comparing 43.9%, 46.1% of the body activity with Kim yong-Whan's(1991) Study conclusion 46.2%, Son sin-Ho's(1992) 53.09%, Stewart's(1997)49.9% Second, the time percentage of the investigator's teaching behavior variation appeared in the order of the managerial teaching 33.8%, 32.9%, the lecture 16.8%, 16.2%, the direction 14.3%, 16.4%, the confleuence with the students 8.0%, 9.1%, the reform feed back 4.9%, 5.3%, the fitting technical feed back 3.8%, 4.4%, the unfit technical feed 2.6%, 2.5%, the student's setting an example 2.3%, 1.4%. Third, the interaction with the teacher and the students mainly get accomplished by the action with the whole rather than the interaction with each individual considering the learner's characteristic and learning ability. Fourth, the analyzed behavior time appears in the waiting time that have no correlation with physical exercise learning 19.6%, 18.8%, the 21.19%, no assignment learning time appears in about 27.3%, and the self teaching is analyzed to be accomplished in condition that doesn't have the thoroughly planned investigator's teaching arrangements.

初等學校 校庭內 生態園 造成技法 : With a Special Reference to Hu-am Elementary School in Yong-san gu, Seoul 서울 龍山區 厚岩 初等學校 事例를 중심으로

진시현,심우경,이광우 韓國植物ㆍ人間ㆍ環境學會 2000 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.3 No.1

이 논문의 연구목적은 초등학교내에 생태원을 조성함으로써 아이들에게 자연과의 접촉기회를 제공하고자 실시한 바, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 초등학교 교과서에 나타나는 모든 동, 식물의 종류 초등학교의 교과서 분석 경과 274종의 식물종과 227종의 동물종이 나타났으며, 가장 높은 빈도수를 나타낸 곤충은 나비 78회, 잠자리 64회, 개미 51회, 벌 41회, 그리고 매미가 31회의 순으로 나타났다. 이는 교과서별 학년별로 빈도수를 조사한 결과와도 비슷한 양상을 나타낸 것이다. 초등학교 교과서 중 자연과 과목의 교육내용을 살펴본 결과, 1∼2학년 과정에서는 학교내의 뜰과 화단의 4계절 변화를 관찰하고 3∼6학년 과정에서는 생태계 전반에 걸친 세부적인 내용을 공부하도록 교육내용이 설정되었음을 알 수 있었다. 2. 용산구에 있는 15개의 초등학교의 옥외환경 조사 용산구에는 15개 학교가 있고, 그들의 옥외환경의 형태는 교재원과 생산원의 두 가지 종류로 나타났다. 대부분의 학교가 이 두 가지 형태로 나타났으나 남정, 보광, 원효로, 한강 초등학교는 생태원의 시설중 소동물 사육장 시설이 없었고, 교재원의 시설도 빈약하였다. 사례지역인 후암 초등학교는 도시의 중심부에 위치해 있는 다른 초등학교와는 달리 풍부한 생물상을 가지고 있는 남산에 인접하고 있기 때문에 생태원으로서의 기능성이 있는 것으로 보여진다. 3. 사례연구와 생태원 조성계획 생태원의 조성방법으로서 우선, 사례지인 후암 초등학교 부지의 현황조사를 하였고, 두 번째로 4가지 곤충(나비, 잠자리, 벌, 매미)들을 유치하기 위한 식물들을 선별하기 위해 이들이 식이식물로 조사된 식물들 중에서 교과서에 나오고 사례지역에 적합하며 내공해성을 가지며, 자생종이 식물들을 선별한 결과, 나비, 잠자리, 새를 유치하기 위한 식이식물로 각각 44, 17, 16종이 선별되었다. 또한 이 학교의 건물이 도로와 맞닿는 점을 감안하여 건물옥상에 생물서식지를 조성함으로서 남산으로부터의 풍부한 생물종의 유입을 유도하고, 더 나아가 학교 내에 조성되는 생태원으로 자연스럽게 유도하고자 하였다. 따라서 옥상 위의 생물서식공간은 수변공간계획과 식재계획을 통하여 곤충류와 조류뿐만 아니라 다양한 생물종이 서식되도록 하였고, 이를 통해 초등학교 학생들은 자연과의 친밀한 접촉기회를 가지게 될 것이다. The purpose of this study was to offer the opportunity of contact with the nature to urban children by the creation of the biotope in the elementary school ground. The results for this study were as follow: 1. The kinds of animals and plants the elementary school textbooks were 275 species and 227 animals. The frequencies of insect species in the elementary school textbook were the butterfly(75), dragonfly(64), ant(51), bee(41), and cicada(31) in order. These results were analogous to the numbers in each textbook and grade. In the 'Nature' textbook of the elementary school, there were educational contents to observe the ground and garden in 1, 2 grade courses and to study the detail of ecosystem in 3-6 grade course. 2. Inventory of the out-door environments of 15 elementary schools in Young-san Gu, Seoul. The number of total elementary school in Young-san Gu were fifteen, which had two garden types appeared as nature study and experimental farm. Two types of gardens were appeared mostly in all the elementary school but Nam-jung, Bu-kwang, Wonhyo-ro, Sin-swang, and Han-gang elementary school didn't have the experimental farms and also have the poor facilities of the nature study gardens. Huam elementary school had the possibility of the biotope creation because it was connected to Namsan park which posseses the abundant biota in contrast to the others in the center of the city. 3. Case study and biotope planning. To create the biotope, the site analysis was carred out and then plant species for inducing 4 kinds of insect (butterfly, dragonfly, bee, and cicada) were selected under the criteria as pollution-resistant, the school tree and flower, tolerance, and original habitat. Consequently, the numbers of plants for inducing butterflies, dragonflies and birds were 44, 17, 16 species separately. Also, it was planned to the induce abundant biota to building's roof as stepping stone from Namsan. These two biotopes were planned to be a habitat of various biota in addition of the water pond and the planting plan. Through the biotope created by this plan, the students of the elementary school will have more opportunity of contact with the nature.

배 농가의 경영효율성 분석 : 비모수적 접근방법에 의한 사례연구 A case study using non-parametric method

우수곤,유진채,강경하,신용광 한국농촌지도학회 2002 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.9 No.2

The objective of this study was to compare the farm efficiency of members of cooperative firms with that of non-members in Korea. Data were collected from 27 farms members of three cooperatives and 13 non-member farms, based on the managerial achievements of 1999. For the analysis, the data were divided into three different farming types: type I and Ⅱ of member farms and non-member farms. Economic analysis were implemented using DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis). Major findings was as follows. Total average technology efficiency was 0.782, which implies that there still remains 21.8% of improvement possibility. Among the time types, type I showed the highest technology efficiency of 0.9055, while " 11 and non-member farms showed 0.7670 and 0.7171, respectively. This means that these farms have relatively high potential improved. Also, comparing technology efficiency by dividing into pure technology and scale efficiency, all type of the farms exhibit a higher pure technology efficiency compared to scale efficiency. Therefore, to improve current technology efficiency, farms need to focus more on pure technology efficiency improvement. Meanwhile, profit analysis based on farm size indicate that most of the farms demonstrated the increasing-return-to-scale, which means it is necessary to extend the farm size to improve technical efficiency. Type I member farms achieve higher profit and efficiency than other two types and relatively higher producer prices through introducing cooperative sorting, grading and packing. Also, these labor saving technologies increased farm size.

식품유해세균에 대한 식초의 항균효과

우승미,장세영,김옥미,윤광섭,정용진 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2004 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구에서는 시판되고 있는 식초를 이용하여 6종의 식품 유해세균에 대한 항균력을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 감식초와 현미식초는 합성식초에 비해 S. aureus, M. luteus, S. enteritidis 및 E. coli에서 항균 활성이 높게 나타났으며, 현미식초가 감식초에 비해 식품유해세균에 대한 항균활성이 비교적 더 높게 나타났다. 현미식초의 농도에 따른 항균활성을 조사한 결과 5종의 그람양성 세균 및 음성 세균 모두 10μm/mL 이상의 농도에서 생육이 거의 억제되었으나, V. parahaemolyticus는 15 μm/mL 농도에서 생육이 거의 정지되어, 현미식초는 식품 부패균과 대장균 생육억제에 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 식초처리에 의한 미생물의 형태 변화를 전자 현미경으로 관찰한 결과 S. aureus, E. coli 모두 세포가 팽윤되고 일부 세포벽이 완전히 파괴된 형태를 관찰할 수 있어 식초처리로 인해 세균의 생육이 억제되는 것을 알 수 있었다. We investigated antimicrobial effects of commercial vinegar on the harmful food-born organisms. As a result, antimicrobial effects of brown rice vinegar showed stronger than persimmon and artificial vinegar. In 10μL/mL concentration of brown rice vinegar was completely inhibited about 5 strains except for V. parahaemolyticus, it was inhibited 15 μL/mL concentration. Therefore vinegars were effective for inhibition acitivity against foodborne organisms. S. aureus and E. coli treated with 25μL/mL concentration brown rice vinegar was observed by scanning electron micrographs(SEM). The cells were expanded and a part of cell wall was completely destructed by brown rice vinegar.

인슐린 주사제의 고충실 액체색층기 분석

우정택,팽정렬,김성운,양인명,김진우,김영설,김광원,최영길 최신의학사 1993 最新醫學 Vol.36 No.8

자일리톨, 후노란, 제2인산칼슘 및 카제인포스포펩타이드배합껌이 법랑질의 광질재침착에 미치는 영향에 관한 실용실험연구

이병진,배광학,박우철,양준영,황수정,노정,백대일,김종배 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

The object of this study was to investigate caries preventive effect of chewing gum containing xylitol, funoran, calcium hydrogen phosphate and casein phosphopeptide by examining Vickers' hardness and surface roughness with confocal laser microscope. Early caries-like lesions were created using 0.1 M lactic acid-sodium hydroxide buffer(pH 4.0). 8 pieces of 3am diameter bovine enamel specimen with early caries-like lesions were mounted into the recesses of lingual surface of the acrylic mandibular removable appliance. 13 subjects were the appliance for daytime and chewed control and experimental gums 7 times in a day, for 3 days. In order to evaluate the remineralization effect of chewing gum on specimens, we measured vickers' hardness number after chewing gum, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days after and calculated surface roughness immediately after chewing gum. Vickers' hardness number of experimental chewing gum was significantly higher than control in 2 and 3 days after. Surface roughness of experimental chewing gum was significantly lower than control immediately after chewing gum. These results showed that experimental gum has more effective in remineralization of bovine tooth enamel, and it is more effective at immediately after chewing.

Diisobutyldiisobutylaminoalane에 의한 유기작용기의 선택환원

차진순,이광우 嶺南大學校 基礎科學 硏究所 1998 基礎科學硏究 Vol.18 No.-

The reducing characteristics of diisobutyldiisobutylaminoalane (DIBAN Bu₂) as a chemoselective reducing agent in the reduction of carbony1 compounds, have been studied systematically. Aldehydes are smoothly reduced to the corresponding alcohols by diisobutyldiisobutylaminoalane in ether solution with excellent purity.

복합막을 통한 기체의 투과

이재광,김진환,이우태 全南大學校 觸媒硏究所 1998 觸媒硏究 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

The permeabilities, diffusivities of oxygen, nitrogen, helium and carbon dioxide were measured by the volumetric method in each of silicone, cellulose acetate, and their composite membranes. The permeation characteristics of the cellulose acetate membrane was adjusted by changing the evaporation time of the solvent in polymeric solutions casted on a glass plate. The permeabilities and diffusivities did not change with increasing pressure difference but. except for carbon dioxide, increased exponentially with temperature. The diffusivity was higher for the gases with smaller molecular diameter while th solubility was higher for the gases with higher boiling points. The permeabilities in the composite membrane determined from the experiments showed a good match with the theoretical values calculated from the permeabilities in single membranes, while the diffusivities showed discrepancies within 10% range. The order of component membranes in th composite was not obtained as a simple ratio of permeability to diffusivity. The permeation characteristics of the cellulose acetate-silicone composite membrane was dominated by the denser cellulose acetate side.