정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

환경시료중의 고상 추출법을 이용한 관심물질의 추출방법 고찰

정팔진,임철희 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

The need for sample preparation to modern instrumental analysis has been reviewed recently. The important reasons are sample clean up and sample concentration. Sample cleanup is required when impurities are present that interface with the analyte measurements in the analytical method of choice. In addition impurities which can damage expensive analytical equipment must be removed prior to sample introduction in to the instrument. Solid Phase Extration (SPE) which is one of the sample preparation has been developed since 1970s for replacing Liquid Liquid Extration (LLE). The advantage of this Method are summarized as follows 1.It was found that the increasement of sample concectration in the SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION exceeds over the normal use of solvent. 2.The time consuming work of passing sample through disc is much less shortened. 3.Much less solvent was used than Liquid Liquid Extration method. 4.Water sample containing more than 200㎎/L TSS was available in Disk Type Cartridge.

Pseudomonas sp. LBC505의 섬유소 분해효소 특성

정영철,강신권,김희숙,노종수 진주여자전문대학 1995 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

The Pseudomonas sp. LBC505 isolated from soil, produced cellulolytic enzymes such as carboxymethyl cellulase, avicelase, β-1,4-glucosidase, and xylanase in medium. The cellulase complex exhibited maximal activity at pH6.0-pH6.5, and 50-55℃, and was stable in the range of pH5.0 to 9.0 and up to 65℃ for 30min. The cellulase complex and xylanase activities were completely inhibited in the presense of 1mM HgCl₂ and 1mM AgCl₂. The enzyme activity was stimulated in the presense of 100mM mercaptoethanol, suggesting that sulfhydryl groups play an important role in the catalytic action. The crude cellulolytic enzyme hydrolyze CMC to produced glucose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentose and maltohexose by synergistic action of cellulase complex.

煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 開發에 關한 硏究

鄭鉉丞,李乙熙,金哲旭,宋瑛敏,吳錫斗 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1990 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.3 No.-

우리나라에서 年間 50萬M/T 生産廢水處理되는 魚汁中의 蛋白質, U.G.F., Ca等과 991萬M/T 生産廢棄되는 煉炭灰中의 Fe, Zn等의 微量鑛物質을 混合한 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料(FBF:Fish-soluble-abosorbed briquette ash feed)를 開發하기 爲하여 一次로 1981年부터 1984年까지 煉炭灰의 成分分析과 煉炭灰 添加給與試驗을 哺乳中仔豚과 育成-肥育豚에 實施하였고 哺乳中 仔豚에 實施하고 있는 1, 2次 鐵分注射代用 給與試驗을 거쳐 添加給與飼料化 可能性 確認後 1985年부터 1989年까지 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 製造하여 5∼10% 添加 給與試驗結果 優秀한 成績이 나타났으므로 3%, 5%, 10% 水準을 代替配給한 飼料를 製造하여 哺乳仔豚의 鐵分注射代用으로서의 效果, 育成期, 肥育期, 育性-肥育期의 飼養試驗, 試驗飼料의 製造,貯藏性, 消化率 및 經濟性, 豚의 背脂肪層,屠體率, 血液像 等으로 調査한 바 다음과 같다. 1. 煉炭灰와 煉炭의 一般成分 및 鑛物質 分析結果 煉炭灰의 成分含量은 수분(0.15%), 조단백질(0.52%), 조지방(0%), 조섬유(4.13%), NFE(0%), 조회분(95.35%), Ca(0.807%), P(0.074%), K(0.138%), Na(0.025%), Mg(0.183%), Fe(3,769mg/kg), Mn(98mg/kg), Zn(139mg/kg) 및 Cu(21.0mg/kg)이였고 煉炭은 NFE(10.96%), 조회분(71.35%), Ca(0.224%), P(0.043%), K(0.158%), Na(0.039%), Mg(0.191%), Fe(7,385mg/kg), Mn(116mg/kg), Zn(306mg/kg) 및 Cu(17.5mg/kg)이었다. 2. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料成分 分析 煉炭灰 500g에 濃縮魚汁量을 50g에서 250g 및 1,250g 乾物換算(1:1) 水準까지 混合시킨 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料의 成分含量은 濃縮魚汁量이 50g일때는 各各 11.69% 및 31.31%와 2.61% 및 10.6%로 增加하였고 粗纖維와 粗灰分은 各各 5.51% 및 3.86%와 62.82% 및 50.42%로 감소하였다. 아미노酸 成分에서 lysine의 境遇 濃縮魚汁量이 50g일 때 0.19%로 나타났으나 濃縮魚汁量 增加에 比例하여 250g일 때 0.75%로 나타났다. 기타의 아미노酸들도 濃縮 魚汁量이 增加할수록 아미노산 含量이 높게 나타나는 傾向을 보였다. 鑛物質成分은 Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn 및 Co등은 濃縮魚汁量인 높을수록 높게 나타났다. 3. 哺乳中의 成長期와 離乳後 育成-肥育期에 微量鑛物質 供給濟로서 煉炭灰를 自由 採食시켰을 때 (1) 增體量은 配合飼料 單飼區보다 配合飼料 + 煉炭灰 給與區가 多少 높았으나 有意性은 認定되지 않았다(p>0.05). (2) 飼料效率은 配合飼料單飼區(4.71)보다 煉炭灰 給與 育成肥育區(4.84)가 약간 낮게 나타났다. (3) 仔豚育成區에서는 飼料效率이 3.0이었으며 萎縮豚에 效果가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. (4) 經濟性 分析結果 1kg增體當 飼料肥로 換算하면 配合飼料單飼區(829원)에서 比해 配合飼料 + 煉炭灰區(852원)가 23원이 增加하였다. (5) 仔豚育成區에서는 1kg 增體當 528원이 소요되었다. (6) 煉炭灰의 嗜好性은 좋은 편이었고 건강상태도 양호했다. 4. 哺乳仔豚에 鐵分注射代用으로서 效果 및 離乳仔豚의 育成期에 微量鑛物質 供給源으로서 煉炭灰를 3, 5, 7% 水準으로 添加 給與하였을 때 (1) 哺乳中 鐵分注射 代用으로 煉炭灰를 自由採食 시켜도 仔豚의 發育成績과 健康狀態는 異狀이 없었고 比較的 良好한 便이었다. (2) 增體量은 煉炭灰를 3% 添加 給與하였을 때 가장 좋게 나타났다(P>0.05). (3) 飼料要求量은 對照區와 處理區間에는 큰 差異가 없었다(p>0.05). (4) 1kg增體에 所要된 飼料費는 T1(3% 첨가구), T2(5% 첨가), C 및 T3(7% 첨가구)에서 636.40, 646.72, 672.52 및 684.56원이었다. (5) 對照區에 比해 處理區에서의 血色素 含量은 암·수 供히 良好하였다. 5. 母豚과 哺乳仔豚에 煉炭灰를 自由 採食시켰을때의 乳汁을 通한 鐵分이 哺乳仔豚에 미치는 影響과 哺乳仔豚이 直接 採食하므로서 哺乳中 實施하는 鐵分注射代用으로서의 效果는 (1) 生後 3週間의 體重은 本 大學(5.27kg)이 原種豚(5.00kg)보다 다소 높게 나타났다. (2) 育成數 및 育成率은 本 大學(8.0頭, 86.0%)이 原種豚(8.3頭, 88.3%)보다 낮게 나타났다. (3) 離乳時 體重은 本 大學(17.8kg)이 原種豚(17.4kg) 보다 多少 높게 나타났다. (4) 分娩時期와 哺乳仔豚數가 같은 區에서 鐵分注射區와 煉炭灰給與區間의 比較成績은 煉炭灰給與區가 多少 좋게 나타났으나 有意差는 없었다(p>0.05). (5) 哺乳中 鐵分注射代用으로 煉炭灰를 自由採食시켜도 仔豚의 發育成績과 健康狀態는 異狀이 없었고 比較的 良好한 便이었다. 5. 哺乳仔豚에 2回 實施하고 있는 鐵分注射를 1回로 줄이고 哺乳母豚과 仔豚에 煉炭灰를 自由 採食시켰을 때 (1) 哺乳中 21日齡의 體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(4.48kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(4.43kg)보다 苦干 좋게 나타났다. (2) 離乳時體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(16.8kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(17.4kg) 보다 낮게 나타났다. (3) 15週齡의 體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(48.85kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(46.0kg) 보다 좋게 나타났다. (4) 終了時 體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(78.3kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(71.6kg) 보다 좋게 나타났다. (5) 日當 增體量은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(0.589kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(0.537kg) 보다 좋게 나타났다. (6) 飼料效率은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(2.32)가 鐵分注射 2回區(2.34)보다 낮게 나타났다. (7) 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區의 健康狀態는 正常이었다. 以上의 結果로 生後 3週齡까지의 鐵分注射 1回代替로서 煉炭灰 給與가 可能하고 育成-肥育 前期까지 微量鑛物質 供給源으로 煉炭灰 給與效果가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 7. 1981年부터 1984年까지 4年間 돼지에 煉炭灰를 급여하였을 때 鐵分注射代用 및 微量鑛物質 供給源으로서 效果를 究明하기 위하여 본 대학 부속목장에서 실시한 결과를 綜合的으로 考察해 본 것이다. 대체적으로 姙娠中 암돼지에 煉炭灰給與區와 대조구간에 나타난 仔豚의 生時體重, 21日齡 體重, 56日齡 體重은 有意的인 差異가 없었다. 育成率은 煉炭灰給與區가 優秀하였다. 離乳後 계속 煉炭灰를 給與한 育成豚은 대조구보다 15週齡 체중, 일당증체량 및 사료효율이 유의적으로 높았다. 이상의 결과를 綜合 考察할 때 平素에 煉炭灰를 먹이면 仔豚에 鐵分注射를 아니해도 이상이 없고 育成豚은 微量鑛物質 不足으로 발생하는 여러 가지 疾病이 발생하지 아니하였으므로 煉炭灰를 먹였을 때 돼지의 성장 및 飼料費 節減에 效果가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 8. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 育成期에 5%, 肥育期에는 10%를 添加하여 飼養試驗하였을 때 (1) 日當 增體量은 試驗區(784.52g)가 對照區(645.24g)보다 높게 나타났다. (2) 飼料攝取量은 試驗區(185.53kg)가 對照區(165.46kg)보다 높게 나타났으며, (3) 飼料效率은 試驗區(2.82)가 對照區(3.05)보다 有意的으로 높게 나타났다. (4) 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 添加 飼養으로서 1kg 增體當 飼料費가 49.45원이 節減되었다. (5) 90kg 到達日齡은 試驗區(155日)가 對照區(169日)보다 14日이 短縮되었다. 9. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料의 代替水準(0%, 3%, 5%, 10%)別 飼養試驗成績은 (1) 育成期 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 C(0%), T1(3%), T2(5%), T3(10%) 水準別로 代替 配合한 飼料로 飼育하였을 때 ① 日當增體量은 試驗區가 T1:658g, T2:686g, T3:683g으로 對照區의 618g 보다 높게 나타났으며, ② 1일 飼料攝取量은 T3:1.61kg>T2:1.59kg>T1:1.55kg>C:1.54kg의 順으로 魚汁吸着飼料量이 增加함에 따라 증가하였다. ③ 增體量은 T2(38.47kg)>T3(38.20kg)>T1(36.83kg)>對照區(34.59kg)의 順으로 T2區가 가장 높게 나타났고, 飼料要求率도 T2(2.32), T1(2.36), T3(2.37)區의 순으로 좋게 나타났으며 全般的으로 處理區가 對照區(2.49)에 比하여 좋은 성적을 나타내었다. ④ 1kg 增體當 飼料單價는 T2區가 291.24원으로 가장 낮게 나타났고 對照區에 比해 1kg 增體當 24.62원의 節減效果가 나타났다. ⑤ 育成期飼料의 消化率은 對照區의 處理區間에 有意적인 差異가 없었고 貯藏期間에는 成分의 變化없이 安定한 것으로 나타났다. (2) 肥育期 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 配合飼料에 0%(C), 3%(T1), 5%(T2) 및 10%(T3) 水準으로 代替 配合하여 飼育하였을 때 ① 日當增體量은 T3(779.33g)와 T2(752g)에서 對照區(674g) 보다 높았고 (p<0.01) 飼料效率 및 90kg 到達日齡도 試驗區에서 良好한 成績을 나타내었다. ② 肥育飼料의 消化率은 多少 向上되는 傾向이나 有意的인 差異는 없었다. ③ 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料를 配合한 試驗區에서는 貯藏初期 7日間에 成分含量이 낮아졌으나 以後 21日까지는 安定的인 狀態를 나타내었다. ④ 背脂肪層 두께는 T3(10%)區가 1.51cm로 對照區 1.56cm보다 얇게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑤ 屠體率은 對照區(61.99%)에 比하여 試驗區(63.67∼64.65%)가 높게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑥ 1kg 增體에 所要된 飼料費는 對照區(386.81원), T1(374.19원), T2(347.79원) 및 T3(33699원)로써 試驗區의 飼料費가 절감되었다. (3) 育成-肥育期 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 配合飼料에 0%(C), 3%(T1), 5%(T2) 및 10%(T3) 水準으로 代替 配合하여 飼育하였을 때 ① 增體量, 日當增體量, 飼料效率 및 90kg 到達日齡 等에서 對照區에 比하여 FBF를 5%(T2), 10%(T3) 代替 配合하여 飼育하였을 때 良好하게 나타났다 (p>0.01). ② 育成期 및 肥育期飼料의 消化率은 多少 向上되는 傾向이었으나 有意性은 없었다. ③ 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料를 代替 配合한 試驗區에서는 貯藏初期 7日間에 成分含量이 낮아졌으나 以後 21日까지는 安定的 狀態를 나타내었다. ④ 背脂肪層은 T3(10%)區가 1.51cm로 對照區 1.56cm 보다 얇게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑤ 屠體率은 對照區(61.99%)에 比하여 試驗區(63.67∼64.65%)가 높게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑥ 1kg當 增體에 所要된 飼料費는 對照區(350.77원), T1(336.32원), T2(320.89원), T3區(316.11원)의 순으로써 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 添加時 飼料費가 節減되었다. 10. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料와 濃縮魚汁을 配合飼料에 各各 10%씩 代替 給與하였을 때 (1) 終了時體重과 日當增體量은 對照區(94.05kg, 678g)에 比하여 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 代替區(98.65kg, 752g) 및 濃縮魚汁代替區(95.40kg, 709g)順으로 나타났다. (2) 飼料效率은 對照區에 (3.65) 比하여 煉炭灰魚汁吸着代替區(3.24) 및 濃縮魚汁 代替區(3.40)에서 良好하게 나타났다. (3) 1kg增體當 所要飼料費는 煉炭灰 魚汁代替區(369.33), 濃縮魚汁代替區(388.15), 對照區(413.56)의 順으로 나타났다. (4) 90kg到達日齡은 煉炭灰魚汁 代替區(162.1), 濃縮魚汁 代替區(163.7) 및 對照區(166.9)의 順으로 短縮되었다. 11. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料給與 飼養時의 血液狀은 赤血球, 血色素量, 赤血球容積 및 白血球數는 無處理區에서 높은 편이고, 平均赤血球容積, 平均血球血色素量, 平均赤血球血色素濃度는 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 添加區에서 약간 높았으나, 白血球 鑑別計劃數를 包含한 이들 血液像은 正常値 範圍內였다. 12. 哺乳仔豚에 鐵分注射代用으로서 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 給與하였을 때 (1) 日當 飼料攝取量은 對照區 408g 보다 處理區가 418g으로 10g이 더 높았다 (p<0.01). (2) 平均 日當增體量은 對照區 222.94g 보다 處理區가 296.89g이 더 높았다(p<0.01). (3) 飼料效率은 對照區 1.83 보다 處理區가 1.41로 改善되었다. (4) 哺乳仔豚에 鐵分注射代用으로 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料를 自由採食 시켰을 때 仔豚의 健康狀態의 發育成績은 比較的 良好하였다. 13. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 代替 水準別 配合飼料製造費用은 1kg當 單價로서 育成期 配合飼料는 代替水準 0%가 125.34원, 3%가 125.56원, 5%가 126.03원 및 10%가 125.43원으로 나타났고, 肥育期飼料는 0% 113.31원, 3% 113.52, 5% 113.68, 10% 114.10원으로 나타났다 (煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 1kg當 生産費 100원 基準). 以上의 結果를 보아 廢棄物인 煉炭灰와 廢水處理되는 魚汁을 混合하여 飼料資源化하므로써 飼料費節減, 飼料效率改善, 營養素利用 增進, 環境汚染防止, 公害處理, 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 開發 活用으로써 導入飼料外貨 節減效果와 養畜農家의 所得增大에 이바지할 것으로 生覺된다. In Korea, 500,000M/T of fish soluble and 9,910,000M/T of briquette-ash are yearly produced and discarded as waste materials. A series of experiments was performed to develop fish soluble-absorbed briquette ash feed(FBF) in order to utilize the protein, UGF, Ca contained in the abandoned fish soluble and Fe, Zn, and other microminerals in the discarded briquette-ash. From the year 1981 to 1984 the chemical composition of briquette-ash was analyzed and its feeding effects on sucking, growing and fattening pigs were studied. Also the effects of briquette-ash addition for substituting Fe injection in pigs at sucking were examined. After the potential of briquette-ash feed was proved, from the year 1985 to 1989 fish soluble-absorbed briquette ash feed(FBF) was made and previously fed from 5 to 10%, subsequently, 3, 5, and 10% of pig ration was substituted by FBF and its effects on sucking pig as substitution for Fe injection, its feeding effects on growing, fattening and growing-fattening pigs, changes during storage, digestibility, economics, backfat thickness and hematological values were examined and gave results as follows. 1. Analysis of proximate composition and mineral contents of briquette and briquette-ash. Briquette-ash contained moisture(0.15%), C·protein (0.52%), C·fat (0%), C·fiber (4.13%), NFE (0%), C·ash (95.35%), Ca (0.807%), P (0.074%), K (0.138%), Na (0.025%), Mg (0.025%), Mg (0.183%), Fe (3,769mg/kg), Mn (98mg/kg), Zn (139mg/kg), Cu (21.0mg/kg). And in the briquette contained NFE (10.96%), C·ash (71.35%), Ca (0.224%), P (0.043%), K (0.158%), Na (0.039%), Mg (0.19%), Fe (7,385mg/kg), Mn (116mg/kg), Zn (306mg/kg), Cu (17.5mg/kg). 2. Analysis of Fish soluble-absorbed Briquette ash Feed (FBF). To study the effects of feeding Fish soluble-absorbed Briquette ash Feed (FBF) in pigs, firstly the chemical composition, mineral contents and amino acids contents of briquette ash absorbed concentrated fish solubles were analyzed. Increasing absorbed rate of concentrated fish soluble to briquette ash, chemical composition, mineral contents and amino acids contents resulted higher. 3. When the briquette-ash was fed ad libitum to sucking and growing-fattening pigs as micromineral supplements; (1) Body weight gain was little higher in the briquette-ash supplied group than control(p>0.05). (2) In the growing-fattening pig, feed efficiency was better in the control group (4.71) than the briquette-ash supplied group (4.84). (3) In the weaning pig the feed efficiency was 3.0 and suplemental effects of briquette-ash were outstanding in atrophic pigs. (4) Making economical analysis by term of feed cost per kg weight gain, in the briquette-ash supplemented group, the feed cost was increased to 852 won where it was 829 won in the control group. (5) In the weaning pig group, 528 won was used per kg weight gain. (6) The palatability of briquette-ash was good and healty conditions were normal, too. 4. When the briquette-ash was supplemented in 3%(T1), 5%(T2) and 10%(T3) to the sucking, weaning and growing pigs; (1) When the briquette-ash was fed as substitution for Fe injection for sucking pigs, the growing state and health conditions were good enough. (2) Body weight gain was best when 3% of briquette-ash was supplemented(p>0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in feed efficiency(p>0.05). (4) Feed costs required per kg weight gain for T1, T2 and T3 were 636.40, 672.52 and 684.56 won respectively. (5) Hematological values of treatment group were in normal range. 5. Effects of briquette-ash addition as substitution for Fe injection when breeding and sucking pigs are fed with briquette-ash. (1) The pig of this college (5.27kg) had slightly heavier average weight at the age fo 3 wks. than the purebred of National Livestock Breeding Station(5.00kg). (2) The purebred (8.3pigs. 88.3%) had higher litter size and survival rate at weaning than the pig of this college. (3) The pig of this college (17.8kg) had slightly heavier average weight at weaning than the purebred of National Livestock Breeding Station (17.4kg). (4) In the group equal to farrowing season and litter size at sucking, there were nonsignificant defferences for the reproductive traits between briquette-ash addition and Fe injection group. (5) When fed liberally, briquette-ash as the substitute for Fe injection in sucking pig, there is relatively superior tendency to the growth and health conditions in pigs. 6. When the Fe injection was reduced to once and briquette-ash was supplied liberally; (1) Pig weight at 21 days was heavier in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once than in those injected Fe twice. (2) Pig weight at weaning(16.8kg) was lower in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once than in those injected Fe twice (17.4kg). (3) Pig weight at 15 wks. was heavier in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injecte Fe once (48.85kg) than in those injected Fe twice (46.0kg). (4) Final body weight was heavier in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once (78.3kg) than in those injected Fe twice (71.6kg). (5) Feed efficiency was better in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once (2.32) than in those injected Fe twice (2.34) (6) The health conditions of the pigs feeding briquette-ash injected Fe once were normal. (7) The results obtainced in this study suggest that briquette-ash feeding can substitute Fe injection effectively supplementing sufficient microminerals from growing to fattening. 7. The results of feeding briquette-ash to pigs during 4 years from 1981 to 1984 in substitution for Fe injection and as micromineral supplements are reviewed. Generally, when sows are fed briquette-ash ad libitum, there were no significant differences in birth weight, weight at 21 days and weight at 56 days. The survival rate was better in the briquette-ash supplemented group. However when the briquette-ash was supplied continuously after weaning, there were significant differences in weight at 15 days, weight gain and feed efficiency. In conclusion, it might be suggested that the pigs farrowed from sows fed ad libitum briquette-ash could grow without Fe injection and when fed briquette-ash ad libitum, it can prevent micromineral deficiency and gain body weight more rapidly. 8. When FBF was added by 5% in the growing pig ration and 10% in the fattening pig ration; (1) Daily body weight gain was higher in the treatment group (784.52g) than the control group (645.24g). (2) Feed intake was higher in the treatment group (185.53kg) than the control group (165.46kg). (3) Feed efficiency was significantly higher in the treatment group (2.82) than the control group (3.05). (4) Adding FBF in ration, 49.45 won was saved per kg body weight gain. (5) Ages at 90kg were shortened by 14 days in the treatment group (155d) than the control group (169d). 9. Effects of levels 0%(C), 3%(T1), 5%(T2), and 10%(T3) of substitution of FBF (1) Growing period 1) Daily body weight gain was higher in the treatment group (T1:658g, T2:686g, T3:683g) than the control group (618g). 2) Daily feed intake was in order of T3:1.61kg>T2:1.59kg>T1:1.55kg>C:1.54kg. it increased according to the level of fish soluble. 3) Body weight gain was in order of T2:38.47kg>T3:38.20kg>T1:36.83kg>C:34.59kg. Feed efficiency was in order of T2:2.32>T3:2.37>T1:2.36>C:2.49. Generally the treatment group was better than the control group. 4) Feed cost per kg weight gain was lowest in T2(291.24won) and it saved 24.62won per kg weight gain compared to the control group. 5) There was no significant difference in the digestibility of growing diets and it was stable during the storage period. (2) Fattening period 1) Daily weight gain was higher in T3 (779.33g) and T2 (752.0g) than control (674.0g) significantly (p<0.01). Feed efficiency and ages at 90kg were also better in the treatment group. 2) Digestibility was improved in the treatment group by not signivicantly. 3) Until the 7th day of storaging period, the chemical composition of FBF added ration decreased but it did not show any change until the 27th day. 4) Backfat thickness was significantly (p>0.01) thinner in T3 (1.51cm) than control (1.56cm). 5) Dressing percentage was significantly (p>0.01) higher in the treatment group (63.67∼64.65%) than in the control group (61.99%). 6) Feed costs required per 1kg weight gain were 386.81 won in control, 374.91won in T1, 347.79 in T2 and 336.99won in T3. As result feed costs were saved adding FBF in the ration. (3) Growing-fattening period 1) Weight gain, feed efficiency and ages at 9kg were significantly higher in FBF added T2(5%) and T3(10%) group. 2) Digestibility of growing and fattening diet was improved in the treatment group but not significantly. 3) The chemical composition of FBF added ration decreassed slightly till the day 7 of storaging period. But after 7th day it did not show and change untill the dat 27. 4) Backfat thickness was significantly (p<0.01) thinner in T3 (1.51cm) than control (1.56cm). 5) Dressing percentage was significantly (p<0.01) higher in the treatment group (63.67∼64.65%) than in the control group (61.99%). 6) Feed costs required per 1kg weight gain were 350.71won in control, 336.32 won in T1, 320.89won in T2 and 316.11won in T3. As result feed costs were saved when FBF was added in the ration. 10. When the ration was substituted by FBF and fish soluble by 10% respectively; (1) Final weight and daily weight gain were 94.05kg, 678g in control group whereas 98.65kg, 752g in FBF substituted ration and 95.40kg, 709g in fish soluble substituted ration. (2) Feed efficiency was 3.65 in control group whereas 3.24 in FBF substituted ration and 3.40 in fish soluble substituted ration giving better resuluts. (3) Feed cost required per kg weight gain was in order of FBF substituted ration (369.33 won), fish soluble substituted ration(388.15 won) and control group (413.56 won). (4) Ages at 90kg were in order of FBF substituted ration (162.1), fish soluble substituted ration (163.7) and control group (166.9). 11. Hematological values of FBF fed pigs RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and WBC were higher in the non-treated group, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were a little higher in the treated group. And all the above hematological values including differential count were within the normal range. 12. Effects of FBF addition as substitution for Fe injection for sucking pigs. (1) Daily feed consumption was larger by 10g in the treatment group (418g) than in the control group(408g). (2) Average daily weight gain was larger by 73.95g in the treatment group (296.98g) than in the control group (222.94g). (3) Feed efficiency was higher in the treatment group (1.41) than in the control group (1.83). (4) When the sucking pigs were fed liberally FBF as the substitute for Fe injection, there was relatively superior tendency to their growth and health conditions. 13. Production cost of FBF per kg (when the production cost of 1kg of FBF is fixed as 100 won) (1) Growing 0% ; 125.34 won, 3% ; 125.56 won, 5% ; 126.03 won and 10% ; 125.43 won (2) Fattening 0% ; 113.31 won, 3% ; 113.52 won, 5% ; 113.68 won and 10% ; 114.10 won As conclusion, making FBF with the abandoned briquette-ash and fish soluble results in lowering feed cost, increasing feed efficiency, increasing nutrient availability, decreasing pollution, saving the foreign currency used to import feed ingredients and increasing farmers income.

소아복부악성종양에 대한 임상적 고찰

정진희,김철하,전오배 중앙대부설한국의과학연구소 1988 한국의과학 Vol.20 No.3

이종 접합부재의 계면균열에 대한 파괴인성의 평가방법

정남용,박철희 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 2002 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

The application of bonded dissimilar materials to such indurstries as automobiles, aircraft, rolling stock, electronic devices and engineering stuctures is increasing gradually because these materials, compared to the homogeneous materials, have many advantages for material properties. In spite of such wide applications of bonded dissimilar materials, the evaluation method of fracture toughness on interface crack in the bonded components has not been established clearly. In this paper, the stress intensity factors were analyzed by boundary element method(BEM) for the bonded scarf joints with a crack, respectively. From static fracture experiments of the bonded scarf joints, an evaluation of fracture toughness on interface crack in the bonded components was proposed and discussed.

섬유소 분해효소 생성 미생물의 분리 및 특성

鄭永哲,姜仁秀,金希淑 진주여자전문대학 1991 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Of 7 cellulolytic isolates which produced both cellulase complex and xylanase at 40℃ or 42℃ under the neutral pH range, LBC505 and CYC10 strains were a potent cellulase producer isolated from soil, and found to be similar to Pseudomonas sp. Cellulolytic thermophilic F204 and F1020, were also isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus sp. from its taxonomical characteristics, except for its ability to grow at high temperature and pH. Pseudomonas sp. and thermophilic alkalophilic Bacillus sp. produced CMCase, avicelase and β-1, 4-glucosidase as well as xylanase in culture filtrate. The optimal temperature and pH for cell growth and cellulase production of Pseudomonas sp LBC505 and CYC10 were 42℃, pH 6.8-7.0, respectively, and Bacillus sp. F204 and F1020 were 50℃, pH 10.0. The maximal cellulase complex and xylanase acitivities were obtained by cultivating Pseudomonas sp in improved medium, FCY medium, containing 2% CMC, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.3% polypeptone, 0.2% (NH₄)₂SO₄, 0.5% NaCl, 0.2% K₂PO₄, 0.05% MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.04% CaCl₂, 0.02% FeSO₄·7H₂O, 0.001% MnSO₄·7H₂O, at 40-42℃ for 48hrs. Cellulase complex and xylanase production of Bacillus sp. in an improved medium(FTA) containing the best compound investigated were higher 1.4-2.3 times than that in initial medium(PY-CMC) and its enzyme activity was maximal when grown at 50℃ for 36hrs.

A STUDY ON THE RISK PROTECTION OF THE MOLD TRANSFORMER

Chung,Young-Ki,Jung,Jong-Wook,Kim,Jae-Chul,Kwak,Hee-Ro,Lee,Su-Kyung 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

This paper investigates and analyzes the installation and failure status of mold transformer being used in domestic subways and describes the extinguishing process by time through the combustion test of winding part of mold transformer. Condition of installed mold transformers and classes of fire were surveyed and the mold transformer was burned in a horizontal heating furnace. It was confirmed that the mold transformer is self extinguishing and nonflammability. According to this results, the suitable standard of fire protection for the mold transformer was demanded after review of domestic and abroad law. It is expected that the cost of fire protection equipment can be reduced by using the status and combustion test result of mold transformer.

Dicyma sp. YCH-37이 생산하는 효모세포벽 용해효소 : 1. 생산균주의 분리 및 효소의 정제 l. Isolation of the Strain and Purification of the Enzyme

정희철,함병권,배동훈,하세가와토루,유주현 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.4

효모세포벽 용해효소를 생산하는 균주를 토양으로부터 분리하였다. 본 균주에 대한 현미경 관찰 및 형태학적, 배양상의 특징을 검토한 결과 Dicyma sp.로 동정되어, 본 균주를 Dicyma sp YCH-37로 명명하였다. 세포에 아무런 처리도 가하지 않은 생균상태의 세균, 효모, 곰팡이에 대한 용균 spectrum을 측정한 결과, 세균 중에서는 Salmonella typhimurium을, 효모 중에서는 Torulopsis, Hansenula, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii 등을 잘 용해시켰으며, 가압증기살균 처리된 효모는 모두 용해시킬 수 있었다. 배양상등액을 yeast glucan을 이용한 affinity adsorption 및 DEAE-cellulose column chromatography로 정제한 결과, 13%의 수율과 204배의 정제도로 정제되었다. SDS-PAGE, gel filtration을 통해 분자량은 약 25,000 daltons임을 확인하였으며, 용균활성의 최적 pH와 온도는 각각 8.0과 50℃이고, pH 4.0~pH 10.0, 40℃까지 안정하였다. The strain YCH-37, which produces yeast cell wall lytic enzyme, was isolated from soil. From the microscopic observation, morphological and cultural characteristics, this strain was identified to fungus, Dicyma sp. So, we named this strain as Dicyma sp. YCH-37. The lytic enzyme effectvely lysed Salmonella typhimurium among intact living bacteria and Torulopsis, Hansenula, Zygosaccharomyces among intact living yeast, as well as autoclaved yeast strains. The yeast cell wall lytic enzyme was succesively purified to 204 folds with 13% yields through yeast glucan affinity adsorption and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The enzyme was identified to monomeric protein with molecular weight of 25,000 daltons from the results of SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. The optimum pH and temperature for the yeast lytic activity were 8.0 and 50℃, respectively. The enzyme was stale up to 40℃, and between pH 4.0~pH 10.0.

소화기 Behcet병: 13예의 임상분석

정희원,유빈,문희범,이인철,김병식,박건춘,김진천 대한대장항문학회 1995 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.11 No.1