야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

政策決定에 있어서의 參與模型設定에 관한 硏究

鄭載旭,鄭元植 진주여자전문대학 1985 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

As a modern state turns into a welfare-oriented administration state, the Executive must perform the functions of not only Public Policy Implementation but also Public Policy Making to settle the demands of the nation. The purpose of this study is 1) to extract the participant factors of Civil Servants in Public Policy Making Process, 2) to set up Participation-Model of Public Policy Making by this factors, and 3) to analysis established theoris of Public Policy Making by this model, Among many variables, This article points on administratiors, especially Civil Servants. (1) To extract participant factors of Civil Servants in Public Poliy Making, first of all, I try to analysis the change of the public administration functions and the participant factors that the scholars emphasized. Therefore, two factors that are expertise and the level of political support mobilization are chosen. (2) To set up the theoretical Participation-Model of Policy Making, I defines variabes of the Model as expertise and the level of political support mobilization, The theortical Participation-Model of Public Policy Making contains four ranges, that is Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ quadrants. (a) In 1 quadrant, the participant behaviors of Civil Servants is expressed as the forms of the high level of political support mobilization and expertise, (b) in Ⅱ quadrant, the high level of the former and the low level of the latter, (c) in Ⅲ quadrant, the low level of two factors, and (d) in Ⅳquadrant, the low level of the former and the high level of the latter. (3) To apply the participant forms of Civil Servants in established theories such as the process oriented-model and the output oriented-model to the Theoretical Participation-Model, I analysis the Civil Servants' behavior in the established theories, Therefore, (a) The participant behaviors of Civil Servants in Rational Model is similar to that of Ⅳ quadrant, (b) that of statisfying Model and Incremental Model are similar to that of Ⅲ quadrant, and (c) Optimal Model is similar to that of Ⅳ quadrant.

한국 재원 정신분열병환자의 사회경제적 특성에 관한 역학적 조사 : 일일 시정조사 Point Prevalence Study

정인원,김용식,이정균 大韓神經精神醫學會 1985 신경정신의학 Vol.24 No.1

1984년 2월 27일 현재 전국 정신과 병·의원의 입원환자를 대상으로 일일시정조사를 시행하였다. 자료분석 때까지 도착한 자료중 ICD-9의 진단기준에 의하여 정신질환의 범주에 속하는 2,895명을 1:1 쌍쌍대응법으로 분석하여 거주지별로 정신분열병군과 대조군간의 사회경제적 특성을 비교하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 정신분열병환자의 결혼상태는 두 지역 모두에서 독신이 많았고 odd ratio는 각각 5.33과 3.56이었다. 농ㆍ어촌의 정신분열병환자가 독신이 더 많았다. 2. 교육수준은 양 군에서 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 3. 직업은 도시의 정신분열병환자에서 무직이 많았고 odd ratio는 1.90이었다. 4. 경제수준은 도시의 정신분열병환자에서 낮은 층이 많았고 odd ratio는 1.65이었다. 5. 그외 가족구조와 종교, 부모의 결혼상태에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Aiming at suggestion the possible ways to improve psychiatric care, rehabilitation, and mental health services in Korea, this nation-wide hospital study was intended to explore the socioeconomical status of mental in-patients. This point prevalence study was conducted to patients who were in psychiatric wards at Feb. 27th. 1984 using mailing questionnaire. The number of hospitals and clinics answered was 88 and the patients, 3,300. Among them, we selected the 2,895 patients who were included in mental disorders (290-319) by ICD-9. Finally we compared the socioeconomical status between schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia in rural and urban area with the method of Fleiss. The results were as follows; 1. The relative proportions of single persons in schizophrenia were higher in both areas, and their odds ratios were 5.33 and 3.56, respectively. There were more single schizophrenics in rural than urban. 2. In educational levels, there were no significant differences between schizophrenia and control. 3. In urban area, the jobless persons were more in schizophrenia than control, and its odd ratio was 1.90. 4. The urban schizophrenics were significantly lower than the urban control in economical levels, and its odd ratio was 1.65. 5. About family structure, religion, and marital status of parents, there were no significant differences between schizophrenia and control.

상수도관의 노후도에 대한 환경영향인자의 상관성 분석

정원식,이현동,김이태,유명진 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.2

This study is performed to evaluate the correlation of environmental factors for drinking water pipe deterioration using statistical analysis such as multiple regression, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and the adequacy and dependability of grouping factors used to deterioration prediction model. Results of this study are presented that high correlation related to pipe deterioration is showed not laying year of pipe but characteristic of surrounding area and analysis of chemical components. Therefore, major influence factors of pipe deterioration for types of cast iron pipe are product quality of pipe, environmental factors using pipe deterioration evaluation model is classified to 4 types such as group related to pipe body and to hydraulic & water quality, and to characteristics of surrounding area, and to trouble & discontent of customer. And the very high adequacy of group classification is represented that the applied grouping items in this study are agree to previous studies.

유전자 알고리즘과 신경회로망을 이용한 고속 확관기의 확관속도 최적화

정원지,김재량,김진한,홍대선,강흥식,김동성 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This paper presents the optimization of expanding velocity for tube expanding process in the manufacturing of a heat exchanger. In specific, the expanding velocity has a great influence on the performance of a heat exchanger because it is a key variable determining the quantity of tube expanding at assembly stage as well as a key parameter determining overall production rate. The simulation showed that the genetic algorithm used in this paper resulted in the optimal tube expanding velocity by performing the following series of iteration; the generation of arbitrary population for tube expanding parameters, consequently the generation of tube expanding velocities, the evaluation of tube expanding quantity using the pre-trained data of plastic deformation by means of a neural network, and finally the generation of next population using a penalty function and a Roulette wheel method.

Ki-67이 Luminal B형 유방암 환자의 예후에 미치는 영향

류동원,최우식,이충한 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.1

배경: Ki-67는 세포의 분열지수로서 특히 세포분열초기 나타나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그래서 Ki-67의 분열지수가 높은 경우 조기 재발 및 예후와 관련되어 있다는 보고가 있다. 본 연구에서는 본원의 자료를 토대로 Ki-67의 분열지수가 예후에 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 한다 방법: 2001년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 본원에서 유방암으로 수술을 받은 679명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 조사를 하였다. 술후 조직병리학적 보고서를 토대로 조사하였다. Ki-67의 수치를 기준으로 10%이하군, 10%에서 20%군, 20%이상군으로 나누었다. 세군사이의 임상병리학적 요소의 분포를 비교하였으며 Kaplan-Meier를 이용하여서 생존율을 분석하였다. 결과: 환자들의 평균나이는 46세였으며, 평균종양의 크기는 3.2cm였다. 20%이상군에서 진행성 유방암환자의 비율이 높았다.(p=0.007) 특히 림프절의 전이정도와도 관련이 있었다.( p=0.003) 그러나 Ki-67과 생존율과는 의미있는 관련성을 없었다.( p=0.6112). 결론: 본원의 조사에 따르면 Ki-67은 진행성 유방암과 호르몬 수용체 음성과는 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있었으나 생존율에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나 본조사는 추적기간이 짧고 조사 규모가 크지 않아서 향후 계속적으로 추적 관찰한다면 더 의미있는 결과과 나올것이다. Background: Ki-67 expression has been considered to be a reliable marker for assessing tumor cell proliferation. The aims of the ourstudy were to assess the correlationbetween Ki-67 expression and clinocopathologic factors and to analyze the effect of Ki-67 expression on survival rate. Methods:The study subjects, 679 women with breast cancer, were a subset of patients operated at OOO hospital from Jun 2001 to Dec 2005.Patients are grouped into 3 categories according to Ki-67 determined in surgical specimens. Clincopathologic factors were compared with 3 categories of Ki-67. Chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis. Kaplan–Meier estimates are presented for thesurvival function, and differences in survival were analyzed usingthe log rank test. Results: The median age was 46yrs, and median tumor size was 3.2cm. The strong correlation was observed between tumor staging and Ki-67 staining(p=0.007) and Group III(more than 20% staing) showed more advanced N-staging(p=0.003). The number of patients with estrogen receptor negative was higher in Group III(p=0.001) and that with HER-2 receptor positive was also higher in Group III(p =0.001) comparing with other groups. The univariate analysis for prognostic factors associated with DFS revealed that both the tumor groupas T1, T2, T3 or T4 and lymph node as N0, N1, N2 or N3 were statistically significant(p=0.0003 and p=0.0015 respectively) but the Ki-67 staining as <10%, 10~20%, >20% was statistically not significant(p=0.6112). The univariate analysis for prognostic factors associated with OS revealed that Tumor staging and N-staging was statically significant(p=0.003 and p=0.0015 respectively). Conclusions: According to our study, Ki-67 positive groups was associated with more advanced staging, ER-negative, PR-negative and HER-positive respectively. But there is no significant association between Ki-67 staining and 5-year disease free survival rate including overall survival rate.

^152Sm에서의 다중극 혼합비에 관한 연구

정원모,주관식,황한렬,정원균 연세대학교 자연과학연구소 1986 學術論文集 Vol.17 No.-

동일한 선원에 대한 감마-감마, 감마-내부전환전자 각상관관계 실험을 통하여 변형핵인 ^152Sm의 혼합비(δ)와 121.8keV전이의 내부 전환전자 입자매개변수(b_2)를 결정하였다. 감마선을 검출하는데는 두대의 Ge(Li)검출기를 내부전환전자를 검출하는 데는 표면장벽형검출기를 사용하였다. 실험을 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 구하였다. 244.7 keV-121.8 keV ; δ =-0.012±0.007 688.6 keV-121.8 keV ; δ =17.4±3.01 964.0 keV-121.8 keV ; δ =9.51±1.93 1112.0 keV-121.8 keV ; δ =12.30±2.05 1408.0 keV-121.8 keV ; δ =0.16±0.07 964.0 keVγ-121.8 keVe_K ; b_2=1.66±0.26 1408.0 keVγ-121.8 keVe_K ; b_2=1.63±0.10 1408.0 keVγ-121.8 keVe_L ; b_2=0.99±0.13 혼합비는 PPQ(Pairing-Plus-Quadrupole)모델과 IBA(Interacting-Boson-Approximation)모델로부터 얻은 이론값과 비교하여 보았고 또한 입자매개변수값이 이론값과 큰 차이가 있는 것으로 보아 변형핵의 저에너지 E_2 전이에서 ‘anomaly’가 있는 것으로 추정된다. The mixing ratios (δ) and the internal conversion electron particle parameters (b_2) of the 121.8keV transition in deformed ^152Sm nuclei were determined by comparing the γ-γ and γ-e angular correlation measurements made with the same source. The experimental apparatus was constructed with a surface barrier detecter for electrons and two Ge(Li) detectors for gamma rays. The following results were obtained. 244.7 keV-121.8 keV ; δ =-0.012±0.007 688.6 keV-121.8 keV ; δ =17.4±3.01 964.0 keV-121.8 keV ; δ =9.51±1.93 1112.0 keV-121.8 keV ; δ =12.30±2.05 1408.0 keV-121.8 keV ; δ =0.16±0.07 964.0 keVγ-121.8 keVe_K ; b_2=1.66±0.26 1408.0 keVγ-121.8 keVe_K ; b_2=1.63±0.10 1408.0 keVγ-121.8 keVe_L ; b_2=0.99±0.13 The results are compared with the theoretical values derived from the Pairing-Plus-Quadrupole model and from the Interacting-Boson-Approximation model, and an 'anomaly' was found in the low-lying E_2 transition for deformed ^152Sm nuclei.

Interleukin-2가 Mouse간의 인산염분해효소의 활성에 미치는 영향

이규식,김원규,정호삼,강성섭 한양대학교 의과대학 1989 한양의대 학술지 Vol.9 No.1

In recent years, interleukin-2, a lymphokine produced by antigen or mitogenstimulated lymphocytes, has been intensively with the development of immunooncology and chemoimmunotherapy of the malignant tumor. Interleukin-2 mediates antitumor effect by stimulating the proliferation of helperand cytotoxic T cells, augmenting the cytolytic activities of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and differentiating T-lymphocytes into a lymphokine-activated killer cell in vivo. Thus interleukin-2 induces the therapeutic effects on various sarcoma and carcinoma and regresses the pulmonary, hepatic and peritoneal metastases of various tumors. Although interleukin-2 is very effective for the treatment of various malignancy, it develops many side effects including fever, chill, malaise, mental confusion, diarrhea, vomiting and oliguria and causes pulmonary, hepatic and renal toxicities. Especially interleukin-2 results in increase of capillary permeability with weight gain, pulmonary edema, and ascites. In this experiment, the author studied the effect of interleukin-2 on the mouse liver, histochemically observing the changes in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. Male mice, DDY strain, weighing 20gm, were used as experimental animals. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after intraperitoneal administration of two milions unit of interleukin-2 per kilogram of body weight. The specimens obtained from the liver were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution for 24 hours at 4℃ and sliced at 16㎛ thickness in a frozen cryostat. The activities of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase were observed by the Gomori's method and the activity of adenosine triphosphatase was observed by the Wachstein and Meisel's method for histochemical study. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The acid phosphatase activity was strong positive at 12 hours and 24 hours groups in the central and portal zones of the liver lobules, but weak positive and moderate positive at 48 hours group in the central and portal zones of the liver lobules, respectively. 2. The alkaline phosphatase activity was weak positive at 6 hours and 12 hours groups and moderate positive at 48 hours group in the central and portal zone of the liver lobules. 3. The adenosine triphosphatase activity was trace positive in the central zone and weak positive in the portal zone of the liver lobules at 6 hours group but moderate positive at 48 hours group in the central and portal zones of the liver lobules. Consequently, it is suggested that interleukin-2 induce degenerative changes of the hepatocytes of the mouse, but it is recovered with time.

氣象環境이 잎담배 生産에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

鄭元采,鄭泰益,申周植 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1980 煙草硏究 Vol.7 No.-

This study was conducted to study the effects of meteorological elements on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Data for this study was collected in Cheongju, Chungju and Taejeon districts during the period from 1967 to 1979. 1.There was positive correlation between yield and air temperature from maximum growth stage to harvesting time. And there was positive correlation also between quality and air temperature at maximum growth stage, but not significant relationship at the other growing stage. 2.The re were negative correlation between yield and precipitation at harvesting time and between quality and topping time, respectively. 3.There were positive correlations between yield and quality and percentage of possible sunshine at and after topping time. 4.Early and long range weather forecast will be efficiently employed for tobacco cultivation. It is considered that the study on the early and long range weather forecast and on the hastening and/or delaying the planting and maturing of tobacco plants ought to be studied together.

Dichlorvos가 mouse간장의 인산염분해효소 활성에 미치는 영향

이규식,김원경,이군자,정호삼 漢陽大學校環境科學硏究所 1987 環境科學論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Dichlorvos(DDVP)는 유기인제 화합물로서 체내에서 쉽게 가수분해되어 인체에 대한 독성은 비교적 약하나 농촌에서 살충제와 곤충의 구충제로 사용될 뿐만 아니라 도시에서도 가정용 살충제로 널리 사용되고 있어 그 취급과 부주의로 인하여 급성중독증상이 빈번히 발생되어 사회문제로 대두되고 있다. 다량의 DDVP에 중독되면 carboxyl esterase활성이 억제되어 acetylcholine이 축적되고 이로 인하여 신경기능장애가 나타나며 cyclic-AMP의 분비가 증가되어 탄수화물, 단백질 및 지방의 대사과정에도 변화가 나타나게 된다. 이에 저자는 DDVP를 실험동물에 투여하면 이로 인한 신경기능장애를 일으킬 뿐 아니라 간장에서 해독과정을 거치면서 간실질세포에 독성이 나타나리라 사료되어 alkaline phosphatase와 adenosine triphosphatase활성을 조직화학적으로 검색하였다. 실험동물로는 체중 20gm내외의 ICR계 웅성 mouse에 체중 kg당 40mg의 DDVP를 주사용 증류수 0.2ml에 희석하여 복강내로 주사하고 1.5시간, 3시간, 6시간, 12시간 및 24시간 경과 후에 희생시켜 간장의 좌측전엽을 적출하고 alkaline phosphatase활성은 Gomori법으로, adenosine triphosphatase활성은 Wachstein-Meisel법으로 염색하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Alkaline phosphatase활성은 DDVP투여 1.5시간 경과군에서 mouse간장의 간소엽 주변대와 중간대에서 강한 양성반응을 나타내어 일시적인 활성의 증가를 나타내었으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 효소의 활성이 감소하여 DDVP투여 12시간 경과군에서는 간소엽 주변대에서는 중등도의 양성반응을 나타내었으며 간소엽 중간대에서는 음성반응을 나타내었다. 2. Adenosine triphosphatase활성은 DDVP투여 1.5시간 경과군에서는 mouse간장의 간소엽 주변대와 중간대에서 모두 중등도의 양성반응을 나타내었고 DDVP투여 3시간 경과군에서는 간소엽 전역에 걸쳐 강한 양성반응을 나타내었으며 시간이 경과함에 따라 점차 감소하여 12시간 경과군에서는 간소엽 주변대와 중간대에서 약한 양성반응을 나타내고 간소엽 중심대에서는 미약한 양성반응을 나타내었다. 이상의 소견을 종합한 바 DDVP는 mouse간장에서 초기단계에서는 물질대사에 관여하는 alkaline phosphatase및 adenosine triphosphatase활성이 증가되나 시간이 경과함에 따라 이들 효소활성이 저하되는 것으로 사료된다. Dichlorvos(DDVP) as an organophosphorus compound is so easily and rapidly hydrolyzed that it has a little toxic effect on man. But it has been so widely used as an industrial and domestic insecticide and anthelmintic agent for animals that the accident of chemical poisoning occurs frequently. DDVP is a powerful inhibitor of carboxylic esterase resulting in accumulation of acetylcholine at the synapses, which in turn causes paralysis of the transmission in cholinergic synapses. And the accumulation of the acetylcholine brings the elevation of the cyclic-AMP level that alters the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and lipid. Owing to changes in the metabolism and the detoxification in the liver, hepatic parenchymal cells may be damaged. Therefore, the author undertook the present study to pursue the toxic effect of the DDVP on the phosphatase activity in the liver. Albino mice, ICR strain, weighing 20gm were used as experimental animals. The experimental animals sacrificed at 1.5,3,6,12 and 24 hours after administration of 40mg/kg of DDVP. The specimens obtained from the liver were sectioned with 16㎛ thickness in a frozen cryostat. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was observed by the Gomori's method and the activity of adenosine triphosphatase was observed by the Wachstein-Meisel's method for histochemical study. The results obtained are as follows. 1. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was strongly positive in the periportal and central zones of the hepatic lobule of the 1.5 hour-DDVP treated group. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was decreased with time, and moderate positive activity in the periportal zone and negative activity in the central and intermediate zones of the hepatic lobule were observed in the 12 hour-DDVP treated group. 2. The activity of adenosine triphosphatase was moderately positive in the periportal and central zones of the hepatic lobule of the 1.5 hour- DDVP treated group and the strongly positive in the entire hepatic lobule of the 3 hour-DDVP treated group. The activity of adenosine triphosphatase was decreased with time and weak positive activity in the periportal and intermediate zones and trace positive activity in the central zone of the hepatic lobule were observed in the 12 hour- DDVP treated group.