임상검체에서 분리된 그람 음성 세균들에 대한 Isepamicin의 시험관내 항균력

권현희,박수진,소민욱,박현구,최성호,김미나,최상호,정진용,우준희,김양수 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

Background : The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial infections is an important clinical problem. Isepamicin is a recently developed aminoglycoside which has been known to have potent activity against gram-negative organisms. We evaluated the in vitro activities of isepamicin and other aminoglycosides against a large number of gram-negative organisms. Materials and Methods : We tested the in vitro antimicrobial activities of isepamicin, amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin against 566 gram-negative organisms collected between January 2006 and June 2006 in Asan Medical Center. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined and interpreted according to the recommendations of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). The breakpoint MIC used for interpretation of isepamicin was MIC≤16 ㎍/mL as susceptible, 32 ㎍/mL as intermediate, and 64 ㎍/mL as resistant. Results : The MIC_(50)/MIC_(90) of isepamicln for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumon/ae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacter cloacae were 1/2, 0.5/>128, 4/16, 16/>128, and 1/2 ㎍/mL, respectively. The susceptibilities for E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and E. cloacae were 100%, 86.4%, 89.7%, 50.0%, and 96.6%, respectively. For E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and E. cloacae, isepamicln had better in vitro activities than gentamicin and tobromycin, and had similar activities with amlkacin. For A. baumanii, all four tested aminoglycosides had similar in vitro activities. Conclusion : Isepamicin had excellent in vitro activities against gram-negative organisms, except A. baumanii. The overall in vitro activities were similar with amikacin. 목적 : 그람 음성 세균은 다양한 지역사회 및 병원 획득 감염의 원인균이다. 최근에는 병원 감염을 일으키는 그람 음성 세균에서 항균제 내성균의 출현과 확산이 큰 문제가 되고 있다. Isepamicin은 최근에 소개된 gentamicin B의 유도체로 외국에서의 연구에 의하면 그람 음성 세균들에 대한 항균력이 우수함이 보고 된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 임상 균주들을 대상으로 그람 음성세균에서 isepamicin의 시험관내 항균력을 기존의 아미노배당체 제재들과 비교하여 평가하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2006년 1월에서 6월 사이에 서울아산병원 환자에서 분리된 Escherichia coli 113 균주, Klebsiella pneumoniae 110 균주, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 117 균주, Acinetobacter baumannii 108 균주, 그리고 Enterobacter cloacae 118 균주를 대상으로 isepaimcin, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin에 대한 최소억제농도(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)를 한천 희석법(Mueller-Hinton Agar)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 감수성여부는 CLSI 기준에 따랐으며, isepamicin은 MIC≤16㎍/mL를 감수성, MIC=32 ㎍/mL를 중등도 내성, MIC≥64 ㎍/mL를 내성으로 판정하였다. 결과 : Isepamicm의 E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, A baumannii, E. cloacae에 대한 MIC_(50)/MIC_(90)은 각각 1/2, 0.5/>128, 4/16, 16/>128, 1/2 ㎍/mL였고, 항균제 감수성률은 차례대로 100%, 86.4%, 89.7%, 50.0%, 96.6%였다. 기존 아미노배당체 제재들과 비교하면 E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae에서는 amikacin과 비슷한 감수성률을 보였고, gentamicin과 tobramycin보다 높은 감수성률을 보였다. A baumannii의 경우 isepamicin의 감수성률이 50.0%로 비교적 낮았지만 amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin도 각각 50.0%, 46.3%, 47.2%의 감수성률을 나타내어 4가지 항균제가 모두 비슷한 항균력을 보였다. 결론 : Isepamicin은 그람 음성 세균들에 있어 기존의 아미노배당체 제재들과 비교했을 때 amikacin과는 동등한 시험관내 항균력을 보이고 gentamicin, tobramycin보다 뛰어난 시험관내 항균력을 보여 사용이 유망한 아미노배당체 중 하나라 생각된다.

국내산 잣나무와 낙엽송의 재질

권성민,황원중,권구중,김남훈 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 2004 Journal of Forest Science Vol.20 No.-

국산 잣나무와 낙엽송의 비중, 연륜폭, 만재율, 종압축강도, 횡압축강도 및 전단강도를 측정하고 방사 ?향의 병이를 조사하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1) 비중은 잣나무가 0.48로 낙엽송의 0.88보다 약 2배정도 낮은 값을 보였다. 두 수종 모두 수심에서 낮은 값을 보여주고 그 후 약 15연륜 까지 다소 증가하다가 일정해지는 경향을 보여주었다. 2) 연륜폭은 잣나무 3.43㎜, 낙엽송 2.83㎜로 잣나무가 낙엽송에 비해 넓었으며, 만재율은 잣나무 30%, 낙엽송 47%로 낙엽송이 잣나무에 비해 높았다. 두 수종 모두 만재율이 커짐에 따라 비중은 커지는 경향을 나타냈다. 3) 종압축강도와 종압축 비례한도, 종압축 영계수는 잣나무가 각각 300kgf/㎠, 270kgf/㎠, 9.2×10³kgf/㎠로서 낙엽송의 600kgf/㎠, 550kgf/㎠, 20×10³kgf/㎠에 비해 모두 낮은 수치를 나타내었다. 종압축강도, 종압축 비례한도 및 영계수의 방사방향변이는 두 수종 모두 뚜렷한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 4) 방사단면의 전단강도는 잣나무가 51kgf/㎠, 낙엽송이 69kgf/㎠으로 낙엽송이 컸으며, 접선단면은 잣나무가 56kgf/㎠, 낙엽송이 86kgf/㎠으로 낙엽송이 큰 값을 나타내었다. Density, annual ring width, latewood percentage and compressive properties of Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi grown in Research Forest of Kangwon National University were measured and their radial variations were investigated. Density(Wa/Va) of Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi was 0.48g/cm² and 0.88g/cm², respectively. Density of both species was slightly lower at pith area, increased gradually with cambial age up to about 15 years and then became constant. Annual ring width of both species was 3.43㎜ and 2.83㎜, respectively. Annual ring width of both species was irregular at pith area but regular after about 20 years. Latewood percentage of both species was 30% and 47%, respectively. Latewood percentage of Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi increased with cambial age up to 14 years and 10 years, respectively and then became constant. Compressive strength, proportional limit and Young's modulus parallel to the grain of Pinus koraiensis were 330 kgf/cm², 270 kgf/cm² and 9.2×10³ kgf/cm², and those of Larix kaempferi were 600 kgf/cm², 550 kgf/cm² and 20×10³ kgf/cm², respectively. Shearing strength in radial direction of Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi was 51 kgf/cm² and 69 kgf/cm², and that of tangential direction was 56 kgf/cm² and 86 kgf/cm², respectively. In this study, compressive and shearing properties of both species did not show any significant differences between juvenile wood and adult wood. Both species showed significant differences in the measured values.

PDP용 유전체의 반사특성과 유전특성

권순석,김명녕,이상래,황문구 한밭대학교 2004 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.21 No.-

이 논문에서는 P₂O_(5)-ZnO-BaO계와 SiO₂-ZnO-B₂O₃계의 반사특성과 유전특성이 연구 되었다. P₂O_(5)-ZnO-BaO계의 반사율은 SiO₂-ZnO- B₂O₃계의 반사율보다 낮게 나타났고, TiO₂의 함유량이 증가할수록 반사율이 감소되었다. 또한 P₂O_(5)-ZnO-BaO계의 유전율은 SiO₂-ZnO-B₂O₃계의 유전율보다 높은 값을 보였고, TiO₂ 함유량이 증가함에 따라 두 계 모두 유전율이 증가되었다. 이 현상은 공간전하효과로 설명될 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 높은 반사율과 높은 절연파괴 강도가 요구되는 플라즈마 디스플레이(PDP)의 하판 유전체, 또는 플라즈마 현상을 응용하는 조명 및 광고용 기구의 반사 유전체로서 응용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. In this paper, the reflectance and the dielectric characteristics for P₂O_(5)-ZnO-BaO system and SiO₂-ZnO-B₂O₃ system have been investigated as a function of contents of TiO₂. The reflectance was decreased with increasing the contents of TiO₂ contents, and the reflectance of P₂O_(5)-ZnO-BaO system was lower than that of SiO₂-ZnO-B₂O₃ system. The dielectric constant of P₂O_(5)-ZnO-BaO system was higher than SiO₂-ZnO-B₂O₃ system, and the dielectric constant in the both system was increased with increasing of TiO₂ contents. This could be explained as the space charge effects. These results are could be applied to the under plate dielectrics of PDP required high reflective ratio and breakdown strength.

A. 高校 科學 (生物·地球科學) 및 數學科 探究學習의 評價模型 定立과 評價紙 開發

李相協,權炳奎,林在圭,孫文求,吳岱燮,楊洪準,梁承榮,姜用熙,林成圭,金正遠,金吉民,兪正在 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1982 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

Currently the evaluation of high school science and mathematics learning has been too much knowledge-centered without concerning the inquiring ability or scientific attitude. This study, therefore, was made for the purpose of establishing of evaluation model for high school science (biology and earth science) and mathematics learning and its evaluation items. In this paper, the research was done about three fields, biology, earth science and mathematics. 1. For the biology, the evaluation methods of inquiry learning were studied with the foreign references, and proper evaluation items were suggested. 2. For the earth science, after analizing 5 kinds of earth science textbook of current using in high school, essential 19 items were selected. 5 of them were tested in test group and control group, then, the results were analized. 3. For the mathematice, the teaching elements of「Set」and「Flow chart」in mathematics (Ⅰ) were selected and structured. Detailed teaching objects were established and evaluation items were introduced.

과학학습에서 불일치 상황에 대면한 초등학생의 인지갈등 측정 도구 개발

박상석,이경호,김정환,권혁구,권재술 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1999 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to develop an Instrument for the Measurement of Cognitive Conflict Levels of students who confronted with an anomalous situation in science learning. Anomalous situation is generated when students' prediction is disconsistent with the observed fact. In this study, the researchers identified 4 components of cognitive conflict and developed three items for each component. The items were developed and revised by four pilot tests. In the first pilot test, 55 elementary school students participated in the test. In the second pilot test, 88 students of the 5th and 6th grader participated in the test. The instrument of measuring cognitive conflict levels was given to the subjects right after demonstrating anomalous situation. For the demonstration, two different problem situations were developed: one was a pulley problem and the other was electric bulbs in parallel. Answered reasons for each items were analyzed to assess students' understanding on each items. In third pilot test, 125 elementary school students participated in the test. A factor analysis of the responses was carried out and reliability of the test was assessed by calculating internal consistency values. The items were finalized by three pilot tests. After 1 month after the third pilot test, researchers conducted the finalized test items to 323 students of the 5th and 6th grader. The final instrument showed moderate reliability (Cronbach-α 0.82∼0.87) and good content validity(0.93). A factor analysis of the response was carried out. 4 main factors completely coincided with 4 components that we supposed to be the conducts of cognitive conflict. The instrument can provide a means for both teachers and researchers to assess the cognitive conflict of a large number of students within a single class period. The results can be used by teachers to better understand the process of conceptual change of their students and to match instruction and materials accordingly.

복압성요실금(Stress urinary incontinence)과 절박성요실금(Urge incontinence)환자에서 TVT 수술 결과의 비교

이경구,이준호,권용욱,정태융,심희영,이상익 관동대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2005 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.9 No.1

Tension-free vaginal tape(TVT) has been widely used in the management of stress urinary incontinence(SUI), and has been applied to urge incontinence (UI). We evaluated and compared the outcomes between SUI and UI for patients who had undergone TVT. Patients were categorized into SUI(33 patients) and UI(26 patients). Before treatment, we asked about LUTSs using female bladder questionnaire. And we asked about sexual function. After treatment, the same questionnaires were repeated. During the postperative period, the objective and subjective success rate were evaluated. For operation outcome results, in SUI group there were 29 cases of cure (87.9%)and 2 of improvement(6.1%), and in UI group there were 20 cases of cure(76.9%)and 3 of improvement(11.5%) (p>0.05). The operation satisfaction rate of patients was 90.9% in SUI group and 84.6% in UI group(p>0.05). Improvement of sexual satisfaction occurred in 6(20.0%) of SUI group, and 3 (18.8%) of UI group, respectively(p>0.05). The objective success rate, satisfaction rate and sexual satisfaction of SUI patients did not significantly differ from the women with UI. Also, these results shows that TVT procedure improves some LUTSs in both groups. We consider the TVT procedure to be an effective treatment not for stress urinary incontinence but also urge incontinenece.

HgCdTe 제작 다이오드 어레이의 열처리에 따른 전기적 특성

이정환,권순석,김명녕,이상래,황문구 大田産業大學校 2001 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

This paper is investigated on the study of uniformity improvement and electrical characteristics for the 1×128 diode array used Hg^0.7Cd^0.3Te. The electrical characteristics were measured for the device manufactured by several different annealing processes and temperatures being discrepant from existing method of annealing processes and temperatures. The results of uniformity were improved from 60∼80[%], the rate of existing uniformity, to 99[%]. The results obtained from analyzing and examining the characteristics of current-voltage(I-V) and capacitance-voltage(C-V) are following. First, the reverse current show 6[㎁] or so. It is seemed to be resulted from the decrease of direct tunneling and trap tunneling of the device. Second, when the input bias voltage is zero, the maximum value of reverse resistance show 12[GΩ], and the mean value of reverse resistance show 5[GΩ]. Third, it is shown that the voltage of the maximum value of resistance is shifted 0.1[V] to the reverse direction.

전경대원에서 발생한 결핵의 임상 양상

문창기,박상준,조민구,김영중,김소연,김윤권,정준오,안석진,김은실,서승오,김지훈,최원제,이윤영,박형기,최규영,김현근 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

Background: The purpose of this study was to document the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in combat and auxiliary police, living in a group, in Korea where the incidence rate of active TB in a general population is higher than in Western countries. Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all tuberculosis patients diagnosed at National Police Hospital from January 2002 through December 2004. Results:In 2002-2004, a total of 156 cases of tuberculosis were identified with the mean (Standard deviation) age of 20.6 (±1.0) years. Of these, 134 (85.9%) patients were registered as new cases, 11 (7.1%) as relapse, 2 (1.3%) as failure, 5 (3.1%) as treatment-after-default cases whereas 4 (2.6 %) patients were not included in any categories. Average annual new TB rate and smear-positive TB rate were 86.5/10^(5) and 17.4/10^(5) person-years, respectively. In 12 of 31 smear-positive cases, time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was more than 30 days. Two multidrug-resistance TB cases were identified and two suspected outbreak episodes of TB had occurred during 3 years. Conclusion:There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of new cases of TB between the general population aged 20 to 29 years and combat and auxiliary police in Korea. 배경 : 국내 결핵의 발생은 감소 추세에 있으나 여전히 후진국형 발생양상을 보이고 있다. 특히 집단생활을 하는 젊은이들에서 발생하는 결핵의 유행이 간헐적으로 알려지고 있어 우려를 낳고 있다. 이에 저자들은 최근 전경대원의 결핵 발병 양상에 대해 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2002년 1월부터 2004년 12월까지 3년간 경찰병원에서 결핵 진료를 받은 전경대원의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하여 연도별 결핵 신환발생률, 도말양성결핵 신환율, 진단 지연, 집단발병, 다제내성결핵을 조사하였다. 결과 : 연도별 결핵 신환자 수(10만명당 발생추정치)는 2002년 50명(83.6명), 2003년 42명(83.7명), 2004년 42명(93.5명)이었고 도말양성 폐결핵 신환자 수는 2002년 10명(16.7명), 2003년 11명(21.9명), 2004년 6명(13.4명)이었다. 3년간 도말양성 폐결핵 환자는 31명이 있었고 그 중 12명은 호흡기 증상 발생 30일이 지나서 진단을 받았다. 다제내성 결핵은 2명이 있었으며 결핵의 집단발병이 의심되는 사례는 2차례 있었다. 결론 : 전경대원과 20-29세 연령군 일반인의 결핵 신환발생률, 도말양성 폐결핵 발생률의 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다.

Development of Tandem MIG Welding Control System

Sang-Gu Choi,Jong-Jun Kim,Sang-Hyun Ryu,Bong-Jea Kwon 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

In recent shipbuilding, the welding for nonferrous metal as like aluminum is increasing for variety of ships. Aluminum welding is more difficult process than that of mild steel. This welding is very sensitive to welding conditions such as welding equipment, gas, wire, and working environment. So, we need the automation welding equipment for the aluminum plate welding. But normal welding equipment has a limited function in the welding speed and deposition rate. In this paper, an improved welding process as like tandem welding was applied to the aluminum thick plate welding for shipbuilding. We developed an automation welding carriage system to make it possible to weld aluminum with the tandem welding equipment. In additional, we developed a new control system for the convenience of operation and the benefit in size. The new control system is designed with industrial PLC to integrate the different controllers. And the developed automation welding system has been verified in actual aluminum welding process for shipbuilding. We expect that this system will support convenience, more efficient operations and reduced operator workload for adjustment of welding parameter.

Study on Transformation of Industrial Microalgae to Develop the Superior Microalgae with High Lipid Contents using Digital Microfluidic Electroporation

Sang Gu KWON,Yeong Hun KIM,Do Jin IM 한국생물공학회 2016 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.4